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Peter Martyr d'Anghiera

February 15, 2024

For other people called Peter Martyr, see Peter Martyr (disambiguation).

Peter Martyr d'Anghiera (Latin: Petrus Martyr Anglerius or ab Angleria; Italian: Pietro Martire d'Anghiera; Spanish: Pedro Mártir de Anglería; 2 February 1457 – October 1526), formerly known in English as Peter Martyr of Angleria,[1] was an Italian historian at the service of Spain during the Age of Exploration. He wrote the first accounts of explorations in Central and South America in a series of letters and reports, grouped in the original Latin publications of 1511 to 1530 into sets of ten chapters called "decades". His Decades of the New World are of great value in the history of geography and discovery. His De Orbe Novo (On the New World, 1530) describes the first contacts of Europeans and Native Americans, Native American civilizations in the Caribbean and North America, as well as Mesoamerica, and includes, for example, the first European reference to India rubber. It was first translated into English in 1555, and in a fuller version in 1912.

Life edit

Martyr was born on 2 February 1457 at Lake Maggiore in Arona in Piedmont and later named for the nearby city of Angera. He studied under Giovanni Borromeo, then the count of Arona. He went to Rome at the age of twenty and met important men in the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. After meeting the Spanish ambassador in Rome, Martyr accompanied him to Zaragoza in August 1487. Martyr soon became a notable figure among the humanists of Spain. In 1488 he lectured in Salamanca on the invitation of the university. The new learning was supported by highly placed patrons in the society. Martyr would become chaplain to the court of Ferdinand and Isabella.

 
Illustrated title page of De orbe novo

After 1492, Martyr's chief task was the education of young nobles at the Spanish court. In 1501 he was sent to Egypt on a diplomatic mission to dissuade the Sultan of Egypt from taking vengeance on the Christians in Egypt and Palestine for the defeat of the Moors in Spain and the Fall of Granada. This he achieved by strongly asserting that there were no forced conversions and that Granada Muslims had asked for baptism of their own volition - plus, more importantly, promising Spanish help to Egypt against the threat of conquest by the Ottomans [1]. He described his voyage through Egypt in the Legatio Babylonica, which was published in the 1511 edition of his Decades. Following the success of this mission, he received the title of maestro de los caballeros (master of knights).

In 1520 Martyr was given the post of chronicler (cronista) in the newly formed Council of the Indies, commissioned by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor to describe what was occurring in the explorations of the New World. In 1523 Charles gave him the title of Count Palatine, and in 1524 called him once more into the Council of the Indies. Martyr was invested by Pope Clement VII, as proposed by Charles V, as Abbot of Jamaica. Although Martyr never visited the island, as abbot he directed the construction of the first stone church there.

He died in Granada in 1526.

Works edit

 
The 1511 map gives the earliest record of the Bermudas and is the first printed map specifically devoted to the Americas.

Peter Martyr was a prolific writer. He is estimated to have composed some eight hundred letters addressed to various illustrious persons relating events in Spain and the Spanish court, written in a journalistic style, often quite gossipy. Moving in court circles, Peter Martyr was personally acquainted with most of the leading figures of the day, and it is from his letters that historians have drawn much of the details about their physical appearance, personality, quirks and anecdotes.

It was as a chronicler that Martyr performed his most notable literary work. He collected documents and accounts from the discoverers as well as personally interviewing them. He learned from the letters of Christopher Columbus and made use of the reports of the Council of the Indies. He had a great grasp of geographical issues; he was the first European to realize the significance of the Gulf Stream.

In 1511, his publications included the first historical account of the Spanish discoveries: Opera, Legatio Babylonica, Oceanidecas, Paemata, Epigrammata (Seville, 1511). The Decas consisted of ten reports, two of which Martyr had previously sent as letters describing the voyages of Columbus, to Cardinal Ascanius Sforza in 1493 and 1494. In 1501 Martyr, as requested by the Cardinal Luigi d'Aragona, added eight chapters on the voyage of Columbus and the exploits of Martin Alonzo Pinzón. In 1511 he added a supplement giving an account of events from 1501 to 1511.

Jointly with this Decade, he published a narrative of his experiences in Egypt with a description of the inhabitants, their country, and history. By 1516 he had finished two other Decades:

In 1530 the eight Decades were published together for the first time at Alcalá. Later editions of single or of all the Decades appeared at Basel (1533), Cologne (1574), Paris (1587), and Madrid (1892). A German translation was published in Basle in 1582; an English version may be found in Arber, The first three English books on America (Birmingham, 1885); a French one by Gaffarel in Recueil de voyages et de documents pour servir à l'histoire de la Geographie (Paris, 1907).

Martyr also wrote the historical account, Opus epistolarum, although it was not edited or published until after his death. This collection consists of 812 letters to or from ecclesiastical dignitaries, generals, and statesmen of Spain and Italy, dealing with contemporary events, and especially with the history of Spain between 1487 and 1525. It was published first at Alcalá in 1530; a new edition was issued by the House of Elzevir at Amsterdam in 1670.

Editions edit

  • Peter Martyr d'Anghiera, De orbe novo, translated from the Latin with notes and introduction by Francis Augustus MacNutt, New York: Putnam, 1912. 2 vols.
  • Peter Martyr d'Anghiera, Decadas del nuevo mundo, 1944
  • Petrus Martyr de Anghieria, Opera: Legatio Babylonica, De Orbe novo decades octo, Opus Epistolarum, Graz: Akademische Druck- U. Verlagsanstalt, 1966 ISBN 3-201-00250-X

References edit

  1. ^ D'Anghiera, Peter Martyr. De Orbo Novo (in Latin). Trans. Richard Eden as The decades of the newe worlde or west India conteynyng the nauigations and conquestes of the Spanyardes with the particular description of the moste ryche and large landes and Ilands lately founde in the west Ocean perteynyng to the inheritaunce of the kinges of Spayne, Book III, §3. William Powell (London), 1555.

Further reading edit

  •   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Peter Martyr d'Anghiera". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  • Hartig, Otto (1910). "Peter Martyr d'Anghiera". Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. IX (New Advent online reproduction ed.). New York: Robert Appleton and Company. Retrieved 2007-09-11.
  • Maynard, Theodore (1931). "Peter Martyr D'Anghiera: Humanist and Historian". The Catholic Historical Review. 16 (4): 435–448. JSTOR 25012806.
  • McNutt, Francis Augustus (1912). "Introduction". De orbe novo: The Eight Decades of Peter Martyr d'Anghera. Vol. I. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 1–48.
  • Nugent, Elizabeth M. (1969) "Peter Martyr D’Anghiera." in The Thought & Culture of the English Renaissance. Springer, Netherlands. pp. 511–518.
  • Wagner, Henry R. (1946). "Peter Martyr and his Works" (PDF). Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society. 56 (2): 239–288.
  • Wynter, Sylvia (1992). "Anghiera, Pietro Martire D'". In Bedini, Silvio A. (ed.). The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. Simon and Schuster.

External links edit


February 15, 2024
peter, martyr, anghiera, other, people, called, peter, martyr, peter, martyr, disambiguation, latin, petrus, martyr, anglerius, angleria, italian, pietro, martire, anghiera, spanish, pedro, mártir, anglería, february, 1457, october, 1526, formerly, known, engl. For other people called Peter Martyr see Peter Martyr disambiguation Peter Martyr d Anghiera Latin Petrus Martyr Anglerius or ab Angleria Italian Pietro Martire d Anghiera Spanish Pedro Martir de Angleria 2 February 1457 October 1526 formerly known in English as Peter Martyr of Angleria 1 was an Italian historian at the service of Spain during the Age of Exploration He wrote the first accounts of explorations in Central and South America in a series of letters and reports grouped in the original Latin publications of 1511 to 1530 into sets of ten chapters called decades His Decades of the New World are of great value in the history of geography and discovery His De Orbe Novo On the New World 1530 describes the first contacts of Europeans and Native Americans Native American civilizations in the Caribbean and North America as well as Mesoamerica and includes for example the first European reference to India rubber It was first translated into English in 1555 and in a fuller version in 1912 Contents 1 Life 2 Works 3 Editions 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksLife editMartyr was born on 2 February 1457 at Lake Maggiore in Arona in Piedmont and later named for the nearby city of Angera He studied under Giovanni Borromeo then the count of Arona He went to Rome at the age of twenty and met important men in the hierarchy of the Catholic Church After meeting the Spanish ambassador in Rome Martyr accompanied him to Zaragoza in August 1487 Martyr soon became a notable figure among the humanists of Spain In 1488 he lectured in Salamanca on the invitation of the university The new learning was supported by highly placed patrons in the society Martyr would become chaplain to the court of Ferdinand and Isabella nbsp Illustrated title page of De orbe novoAfter 1492 Martyr s chief task was the education of young nobles at the Spanish court In 1501 he was sent to Egypt on a diplomatic mission to dissuade the Sultan of Egypt from taking vengeance on the Christians in Egypt and Palestine for the defeat of the Moors in Spain and the Fall of Granada This he achieved by strongly asserting that there were no forced conversions and that Granada Muslims had asked for baptism of their own volition plus more importantly promising Spanish help to Egypt against the threat of conquest by the Ottomans 1 He described his voyage through Egypt in the Legatio Babylonica which was published in the 1511 edition of his Decades Following the success of this mission he received the title of maestro de los caballeros master of knights In 1520 Martyr was given the post of chronicler cronista in the newly formed Council of the Indies commissioned by Charles V Holy Roman Emperor to describe what was occurring in the explorations of the New World In 1523 Charles gave him the title of Count Palatine and in 1524 called him once more into the Council of the Indies Martyr was invested by Pope Clement VII as proposed by Charles V as Abbot of Jamaica Although Martyr never visited the island as abbot he directed the construction of the first stone church there He died in Granada in 1526 Works edit nbsp The 1511 map gives the earliest record of the Bermudas and is the first printed map specifically devoted to the Americas Peter Martyr was a prolific writer He is estimated to have composed some eight hundred letters addressed to various illustrious persons relating events in Spain and the Spanish court written in a journalistic style often quite gossipy Moving in court circles Peter Martyr was personally acquainted with most of the leading figures of the day and it is from his letters that historians have drawn much of the details about their physical appearance personality quirks and anecdotes It was as a chronicler that Martyr performed his most notable literary work He collected documents and accounts from the discoverers as well as personally interviewing them He learned from the letters of Christopher Columbus and made use of the reports of the Council of the Indies He had a great grasp of geographical issues he was the first European to realize the significance of the Gulf Stream In 1511 his publications included the first historical account of the Spanish discoveries Opera Legatio Babylonica Oceanidecas Paemata Epigrammata Seville 1511 The Decas consisted of ten reports two of which Martyr had previously sent as letters describing the voyages of Columbus to Cardinal Ascanius Sforza in 1493 and 1494 In 1501 Martyr as requested by the Cardinal Luigi d Aragona added eight chapters on the voyage of Columbus and the exploits of Martin Alonzo Pinzon In 1511 he added a supplement giving an account of events from 1501 to 1511 Jointly with this Decade he published a narrative of his experiences in Egypt with a description of the inhabitants their country and history By 1516 he had finished two other Decades The first was devoted to the exploits of Alonso de Ojeda Diego de Nicuesa and Vasco Nunez de Balboa The second gave an account of Balboa s discovery of the Pacific Ocean Columbus fourth voyage and the expeditions of Pedrarias Davila Three appeared together at Alcala de Henares in 1516 under the title De orbe novo decades cum Legatione Babylonica The Enchiridion de nuper sub D Carolo repertis insulis Basle 1521 was printed as the fourth Decade describing the voyages of Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba Juan de Grijalva and Hernan Cortes The fifth Decade 1523 dealt with the conquest of Mexico and the circumnavigation of the world by Ferdinand Magellan The sixth Decade 1524 gave an account of Davila s discoveries on the west coast of America The seventh Decade 1525 had collected descriptions of the customs of the natives in present day South Carolina including the Testimony of Francisco de Chicora a Native American taken captive there as well as those of natives in Florida Haiti Cuba and Darien The eighth Decade 1525 told the story of the march of Cortes against Cristobal de Olid who attempted to set up an independent state in Honduras In 1530 the eight Decades were published together for the first time at Alcala Later editions of single or of all the Decades appeared at Basel 1533 Cologne 1574 Paris 1587 and Madrid 1892 A German translation was published in Basle in 1582 an English version may be found in Arber The first three English books on America Birmingham 1885 a French one by Gaffarel in Recueil de voyages et de documents pour servir a l histoire de la Geographie Paris 1907 Martyr also wrote the historical account Opus epistolarum although it was not edited or published until after his death This collection consists of 812 letters to or from ecclesiastical dignitaries generals and statesmen of Spain and Italy dealing with contemporary events and especially with the history of Spain between 1487 and 1525 It was published first at Alcala in 1530 a new edition was issued by the House of Elzevir at Amsterdam in 1670 Editions editPeter Martyr d Anghiera De orbe novo translated from the Latin with notes and introduction by Francis Augustus MacNutt New York Putnam 1912 2 vols Peter Martyr d Anghiera Decadas del nuevo mundo 1944 Petrus Martyr de Anghieria Opera Legatio Babylonica De Orbe novo decades octo Opus Epistolarum Graz Akademische Druck U Verlagsanstalt 1966 ISBN 3 201 00250 XReferences edit D Anghiera Peter Martyr De Orbo Novo in Latin Trans Richard Eden as The decades of the newe worlde or west India conteynyng the nauigations and conquestes of the Spanyardes with the particular description of the moste ryche and large landes and Ilands lately founde in the west Ocean perteynyng to the inheritaunce of the kinges of Spayne Book III 3 William Powell London 1555 Further reading edit nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Peter Martyr d Anghiera Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Hartig Otto 1910 Peter Martyr d Anghiera Catholic Encyclopedia Vol IX New Advent online reproduction ed New York Robert Appleton and Company Retrieved 2007 09 11 Maynard Theodore 1931 Peter Martyr D Anghiera Humanist and Historian The Catholic Historical Review 16 4 435 448 JSTOR 25012806 McNutt Francis Augustus 1912 Introduction De orbe novo The Eight Decades of Peter Martyr d Anghera Vol I New York G P Putnam s Sons pp 1 48 Nugent Elizabeth M 1969 Peter Martyr D Anghiera in The Thought amp Culture of the English Renaissance Springer Netherlands pp 511 518 Wagner Henry R 1946 Peter Martyr and his Works PDF Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 56 2 239 288 Wynter Sylvia 1992 Anghiera Pietro Martire D In Bedini Silvio A ed The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia Vol 2 Simon and Schuster External links editWorks by Peter Martyr d Anghiera at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Peter Martyr d Anghiera at Internet Archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Peter Martyr d 27Anghiera amp oldid 1181110450, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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