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Per mille

January 01, 1970

"‰" redirects here. Not to be confused with %, indicating parts per hundred, or with ‱, indicating parts per ten thousand.
"%o" redirects here. For the format string specifiers, see printf format string and scanf format string.
Not to be confused with parts per million.
"Promille" redirects here. For the Finnish video game, see Promille (video game).

The phrase per mille (from Latin per mīlle 'in each thousand')[1] indicates parts per thousand.[2] The associated symbol is ‰, similar to a per cent sign % but with an extra zero in the divisor.

‰
Per mille
In UnicodeU+2030 ‰ PER MILLE SIGN (‰)
Related
See alsoU+0025 % PERCENT SIGN
U+2031 ‱ PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN (Basis point)

Major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling,[1][2][3] giving other options of per mil,[2] per mill,[1][3] permil,[1][4] permill,[1] permille.[5][6]

The word promille is the cognate in Dutch, German, Finnish and Swedish, and is sometimes seen as a loanword in English with the same meaning as per mille.[7][4]

Computer systems edit

The code point for the glyph is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode characters: U+2030 ‰ PER MILLE SIGN.[5] It may be typed using Alt+0137, Compose%o,[a] Ctrl+⇧ Shift+u 2030, or ⌥ Option+⇧ Shift+r according to operating system.

Examples edit

Blood alcohol concentration edit

Main article: Blood alcohol concentration

Promille and permille are likely best known as shorthand terms for Blood Alcohol Concentration, where 1 promille corresponds to 1 gram of alcohol per liter of blood.[9] Promille is used in the legal limits of blood-alcohol content for driving a road vehicle in some countries: for example: 0.5‰ or 0.8‰.[10]

Cost per mille edit

Sales and marketing edit

Main article: Cost per mille

Cost per mille (CPM), the price of 1000 units, may be used for views of banner and display advertising, and for emails delivered by email service providers.

Insurance edit

In UK insurance usage, the cost per mille is the rate per £1000 of insured value.[11] In India, the premium per mille is the rate expressed as thousandths of the sum assured.[12]

Gradients edit

 
A tram and gradient sign in Gdańsk, Poland. The 50‰ grade is equivalent to 50 m/km or 5%.
Main article: Grade (slope)

Gradients (in some countries in Europe) may be expressed as mm/m or m/km, and written with the per mille symbol.[13][14]

Isotope ratios edit

Per mille may be used to express stable-isotope ratios—for example: "δ13C was measured at −3.5‰"

Taxation edit

Charity fraction edit

In Italy, it is possible to nominate a charity or charities to receive "five per mille" (5‰) of personal taxation payments.[15]

Property tax edit

Main article: Property tax

Property taxation rates may be expressed as the millage rate (U.S.) or mill rate (Canada), from mill (currency), one thousandth of a dollar.

Quantile edit

Main article: Quantile

Permille may also be used to express a 1000-quantile ("999th permille"),[16][17] but this usage is rare and largely obsolete. Modern publications instead use fractional percentiles ("99.9th percentile").[18]

Salinity edit

Main article: Salinity

Seawater salinity is often expressed per mille. Average marine salinity is about 35 parts per thousand or 35‰ (3.5%).[19]

Related units edit

 
Visualisation of 1%, 1‰, 1‱, 1 pcm and 1 ppm as fractions of the large block (larger version)

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The sequence the percent key (%) is followed by lower case letter o and not, as might be expected, by digit 0.[8]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e "per mil". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  2. ^ a b c "per mille". Cambridge Dictionary. Business English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 2020-06-08. per mille adverb (also per mil)
  3. ^ a b . Oxford Dictionaries: The American Dictionary. Archived from the original on August 9, 2013. Retrieved 2014-08-01.
  4. ^ a b Heinz Gamsjäger; John W. Lorimer; Pirketta Scharlin; David G. Shaw (2008). "Glossary of terms related to solubility". Pure Appl. Chem. 80 (2): 233–276. doi:10.1351/pac200880020233. (Page 258)
  5. ^ a b Unicode. "General Punctuation". 2014. Accessed 5 Aug 2014.
  6. ^ "per mille". Longman Business Dictionary. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  7. ^ "Promille in English". Cambridge German – English Dictionary. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  8. ^ Monniaux, David. "UTF-8 (Unicode) compose sequence". Retrieved 2015-07-15.
  9. ^ "Promille vs BAC: the difference and how much promille is 1 BAC". AlcoSafe. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  10. ^ "Blood alcohol level (BAL)". Health Research Board (Ireland).
  11. ^ Jonathan Law; John Smullen (eds.). "Per mille". A Dictionary of Finance and Banking (4 ed.).
  12. ^ "Avoidable loss due to imprudent underwriting of Group Personal Accident Policy" (PDF). Comptroller and Auditor General of India. March 2019.
  13. ^ Michael W. Sayers; Thomas D. Gillespie; William D.O. Paterson (January 1986). "Directives pour la mesure de l'uni des routes et l'étalonnage des appareils" (PDF) (in French). World Bank. p. 2. L'indice IRI est une mesure de l'uni des routes standardisée, apparentée aux mesures obtenues à l'aide des appareils de type-réponse. Les unités recommandées sont : les mètres par kilomètres (m/km) =millimètres par mètres (mm/m) = pente x 1000.
  14. ^ ZEMBA, Baowendzooda Joël (July 2015). (in French). p. 37. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Pente longitudinale i (m/km ou ‰): 0.4
  15. ^ "Five per thousand—how does it work and how is it calculated?". N26 (bank). 22 June 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  16. ^ Walker, Helen Mary; Lev, Joseph (1969). Elementary Statistical Methods. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 978-0-03-081130-2.
  17. ^ Valentijn, Floris Arnold (21 September 2022). Senescent cell accumulation & Research-based undergraduate education (Thesis). Utrecht University. doi:10.33540/1121.
  18. ^ Knoppert, Sebastiaan N; Keijzer‐Veen, Mandy G; Valentijn, Floris A; van den Heuvel‐Eibrink, Marry M; Lilien, Marc R; van den Berg, Gerrit; Haveman, Lianne M; Stokman, Marijn F; Janssens, Geert O; van Kempen, Sven; Broekhuizen, Roel; Goldschmeding, Roel; Nguyen, Tri Q (December 2023). "Cellular senescence in kidney biopsies is associated with tubular dysfunction and predicts CKD progression in childhood cancer patients with karyomegalic interstitial nephropathy". The Journal of Pathology. 261 (4): 455–464. doi:10.1002/path.6202.
  19. ^ "Per mille". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. 2022.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Per mille at Wikimedia Commons

January 01, 1970
mille, redirects, here, confused, with, indicating, parts, hundred, with, indicating, parts, thousand, redirects, here, format, string, specifiers, printf, format, string, scanf, format, string, confused, with, parts, million, promille, redirects, here, finnis. redirects here Not to be confused with indicating parts per hundred or with indicating parts per ten thousand o redirects here For the format string specifiers see printf format string and scanf format string Not to be confused with parts per million Promille redirects here For the Finnish video game see Promille video game The phrase per mille from Latin per mille in each thousand 1 indicates parts per thousand 2 The associated symbol is similar to a per cent sign but with an extra zero in the divisor Per milleIn UnicodeU 2030 PER MILLE SIGN amp permil RelatedSee alsoU 0025 PERCENT SIGNU 2031 PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN Basis point Major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling 1 2 3 giving other options of per mil 2 per mill 1 3 permil 1 4 permill 1 permille 5 6 The word promille is the cognate in Dutch German Finnish and Swedish and is sometimes seen as a loanword in English with the same meaning as per mille 7 4 Contents 1 Computer systems 2 Examples 2 1 Blood alcohol concentration 2 2 Cost per mille 2 2 1 Sales and marketing 2 2 2 Insurance 2 3 Gradients 2 4 Isotope ratios 2 5 Taxation 2 5 1 Charity fraction 2 5 2 Property tax 2 6 Quantile 2 7 Salinity 3 Related units 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksComputer systems editThe code point for the glyph is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode characters U 2030 PER MILLE SIGN 5 It may be typed using Alt 0137 Compose o a Ctrl Shift u 2030 or Option Shift r according to operating system Examples editBlood alcohol concentration edit Main article Blood alcohol concentration Promille and permille are likely best known as shorthand terms for Blood Alcohol Concentration where 1 promille corresponds to 1 gram of alcohol per liter of blood 9 Promille is used in the legal limits of blood alcohol content for driving a road vehicle in some countries for example 0 5 or 0 8 10 Cost per mille edit Sales and marketing edit Main article Cost per mille Cost per mille CPM the price of 1000 units may be used for views of banner and display advertising and for emails delivered by email service providers Insurance edit In UK insurance usage the cost per mille is the rate per 1000 of insured value 11 In India the premium per mille is the rate expressed as thousandths of the sum assured 12 Gradients edit nbsp A tram and gradient sign in Gdansk Poland The 50 grade is equivalent to 50 m km or 5 Main article Grade slope Gradients in some countries in Europe may be expressed as mm m or m km and written with the per mille symbol 13 14 Isotope ratios edit Per mille may be used to express stable isotope ratios for example d13C was measured at 3 5 Taxation edit Charity fraction edit In Italy it is possible to nominate a charity or charities to receive five per mille 5 of personal taxation payments 15 Property tax edit Main article Property tax Property taxation rates may be expressed as the millage rate U S or mill rate Canada from mill currency one thousandth of a dollar Quantile edit Main article Quantile Permille may also be used to express a 1000 quantile 999th permille 16 17 but this usage is rare and largely obsolete Modern publications instead use fractional percentiles 99 9th percentile 18 Salinity edit Main article Salinity Seawater salinity is often expressed per mille Average marine salinity is about 35 parts per thousand or 35 3 5 19 Related units edit nbsp Visualisation of 1 1 1 1 pcm and 1 ppm as fractions of the large block larger version Percentage point difference of 1 part in 100 Percentage 1 part in 100 Basis point bp difference of 1 part in 10 000 Permyriad 1 part in 10 000 Per cent mille pcm 1 part in 100 000See also editParts per notation Per unit system Percentile Fineness of precious metals given as 0 000 fine Notes edit The sequence the percent key is followed by lower case letter o and not as might be expected by digit 0 8 References edit a b c d e per mil Oxford English Dictionary Online ed Oxford University Press Subscription or participating institution membership required a b c per mille Cambridge Dictionary Business English Cambridge Cambridge University Press Retrieved 2020 06 08 per mille adverb also per mil a b per mill Oxford Dictionaries The American Dictionary Archived from the original on August 9 2013 Retrieved 2014 08 01 a b Heinz Gamsjager John W Lorimer Pirketta Scharlin David G Shaw 2008 Glossary of terms related to solubility Pure Appl Chem 80 2 233 276 doi 10 1351 pac200880020233 Page 258 a b Unicode General Punctuation 2014 Accessed 5 Aug 2014 per mille Longman Business Dictionary Retrieved 2020 07 01 Promille in English Cambridge German English Dictionary Cambridge University Press Retrieved 24 September 2023 Monniaux David UTF 8 Unicode compose sequence Retrieved 2015 07 15 Promille vs BAC the difference and how much promille is 1 BAC AlcoSafe Retrieved 24 September 2023 Blood alcohol level BAL Health Research Board Ireland Jonathan Law John Smullen eds Per mille A Dictionary of Finance and Banking 4 ed Avoidable loss due to imprudent underwriting of Group Personal Accident Policy PDF Comptroller and Auditor General of India March 2019 Michael W Sayers Thomas D Gillespie William D O Paterson January 1986 Directives pour la mesure de l uni des routes et l etalonnage des appareils PDF in French World Bank p 2 L indice IRI est une mesure de l uni des routes standardisee apparentee aux mesures obtenues a l aide des appareils de type reponse Les unites recommandees sont les metres par kilometres m km millimetres par metres mm m pente x 1000 ZEMBA Baowendzooda Joel July 2015 ETUDE D AVANT PROJET DETAILLE DE L AMENAGEMENT D UN PERIMETRE IRRIGUE DE 100 HA A BAGRE EN RIVE DROITE DU NAKANBE BURKINA FASO in French p 37 Archived from the original on 19 November 2023 Pente longitudinale i m km ou 0 4 Five per thousand how does it work and how is it calculated N26 bank 22 June 2021 Retrieved 19 November 2023 Walker Helen Mary Lev Joseph 1969 Elementary Statistical Methods Holt Rinehart and Winston ISBN 978 0 03 081130 2 Valentijn Floris Arnold 21 September 2022 Senescent cell accumulation amp Research based undergraduate education Thesis Utrecht University doi 10 33540 1121 Knoppert Sebastiaan N Keijzer Veen Mandy G Valentijn Floris A van den Heuvel Eibrink Marry M Lilien Marc R van den Berg Gerrit Haveman Lianne M Stokman Marijn F Janssens Geert O van Kempen Sven Broekhuizen Roel Goldschmeding Roel Nguyen Tri Q December 2023 Cellular senescence in kidney biopsies is associated with tubular dysfunction and predicts CKD progression in childhood cancer patients with karyomegalic interstitial nephropathy The Journal of Pathology 261 4 455 464 doi 10 1002 path 6202 Per mille Glossary of Meteorology American Meteorological Society 2022 External links edit nbsp Media related to Per mille at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Per mille amp oldid 1220997223, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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