Pencalang is a traditional merchant ship from Nusantara. Historically it was also written as pantchiallang or pantjalang. It was originally built by Malay people from the area of Riau and the Malay Peninsula, but has been copied by Javanese shipwrights.[1]: 20 [2]: 27 By the end of the 17th century this ship has been built by Javanese and Chinese shipbuilders in and around Rembang. However it was a popular choice for Balinese skippers followed by Sulawesian skippers.[3]
Pencalang (mislabelled as mayang) at full sail, Java, 1841
The word pencalang comes from Malay word, which has now been absorbed into Indonesian language, namely calang and mencalang, which means "to scout", "to recon", and "to peek". Therefore, pencalang can be interpreted as "a boat used for spying" or "recon boat".[4] According to VOC glossarium, the Malay word pentjalang means "ship that was sent on the lookout", from the word tjalang which means "outlook" with added prefix pe(n)- as an equivalent to English suffix -or/-er.[5]: 86
Descriptionedit
Pencalang preparing to set sail in Rembang. Several swivel guns can be seen.
Pencalang has one or two masts, with a deck covered the entire hull and a room in the middle for the cargo hold, closed with a fixed deck.[2]: 27 The pencalang has a strongly curved front and rear stern and a round bottom with keel. The low freeboard is raised midship through the starboard. The ship has heavy transverse beams and a partial or continuous deck. A deckhouse has been built over most of the ship's hull. The helmsman is protected by a roof. The ship is steered with a side rudder that can be used by means of a hook on both sides of the ship. The sturdy mast, placed against a watertight bulkhead, can be lowered onto a mast support. The ship has a very wide and low tanja sail with boom. The rigging is connected to a long bowsprit. The crew is about 8–20 people. The length of the original local ships was 10.7 to 16.5 m with 3.7 to 5.5 m width. The draft is 1.8 to 3.7 m, slightly larger than those built for individual merchants. For the VOC they had a length of 55–60 ft (16.76–18.29 m) and a load capacity of 20–35 last (36.2–63.35 metric tons) at the beginning of the 18th century; later they became even larger with a length of 60–75 ft (18.29–22.86 m) and a capacity of 60–80 last (108.6–144.8 metric tons).[6] Smaller than that they are usually used by pirates.[2]: 27
Roleedit
A Malay sailing vessel of the 19th century, probably a pencalang.
One of the earliest account of pencalang has a background from the 15th or 16th century, being mentioned in Hikayat Hang Tuah, which was composed no earlier than the 17th century. Two pencalang and two ghurab were used by Majapahit to send a letter and gifts to improve relationship with Malacca.[7]: 258 Pencalang is mentioned in the Hikayat Indraputra as a weapon carrier.[8]: 200
Pencalang is mainly a merchant vessel, but occasionally can be used in warfare and piracy. VOC also had this type of ship built in Indonesia to have a small transport ship for use in Indian waters. While at the beginning of the 18th century the VOC had both sloops and pencalangs, at the end of that century only pencalangs were built. In warfare, pencalang is often used to spy on the enemy by using its merchant disguise.[4]: 1043 Because of the excellent sailing ability, VOC used this ship to fight against pirates.[9]
^Liebner, Horst H. (2005), "Perahu-Perahu Tradisional Nusantara: Suatu Tinjauan Perkapalan dan Pelayaran", in Edi, Sedyawati (ed.), Eksplorasi Sumberdaya Budaya Maritim, Jakarta: Pusat Riset Wilayah Laut dan Sumber Daya Nonhayati, Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan; Pusat Penelitian Kemasyarakatan dan Budaya, Universitas Indonesia, pp. 53–124
^ abcLiebner, Horst H. (2016). Beberapa Catatan Akan Sejarah Pembuatan Perahu Dan Pelayaran Nusantara. Jakarta: Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture.
^Knaap, G.J. (1996). Shallow Waters, Rising Tide – Shipping and Trade in Java around 1775. Leiden: KITLV Press.
^ abDepartemen Pendidikan Nasional (2008). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Pusat Bahasa Edisi Keempat. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
^Kooijmans, Marc; Oosterling, Judith Ellen (2000). VOC-Glossarium: Verklaringen van Termen, Verzameld Uit de Rijks Geschiedkundige Publicatiën, Die Betrekking Hebben op de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie. The Hague: Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis.
^Groenewegen, G. (1789). Verzameling van vier en tachtig stuks Hollandsche schepen : geteekend en in koper gebragt. Rotterdam: J. van den Brink.
^Robson-McKillop, Rosemary (2010). The Epic of Hang Tuah. ITBM. ISBN9789830687100.
^Mulyadi, S.W.R. (1983). Hikayat Indraputra: A Malay Romance. Dordrecht: Foris.
^Lohanda, Mona (2018). VOC Glossary Indonesia. Jakarta: Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia and The Corts Foundation. p. 12.
January 01, 1970
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Pencalang is a traditional merchant ship from Nusantara Historically it was also written as pantchiallang or pantjalang It was originally built by Malay people from the area of Riau and the Malay Peninsula but has been copied by Javanese shipwrights 1 20 2 27 By the end of the 17th century this ship has been built by Javanese and Chinese shipbuilders in and around Rembang However it was a popular choice for Balinese skippers followed by Sulawesian skippers 3 Pencalang mislabelled as mayang at full sail Java 1841 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Description 3 Role 4 See also 5 ReferencesEtymology editThe word pencalang comes from Malay word which has now been absorbed into Indonesian language namely calang and mencalang which means to scout to recon and to peek Therefore pencalang can be interpreted as a boat used for spying or recon boat 4 According to VOC glossarium the Malay word pentjalang means ship that was sent on the lookout from the word tjalang which means outlook with added prefix pe n as an equivalent to English suffix or er 5 86 Description edit nbsp Pencalang preparing to set sail in Rembang Several swivel guns can be seen Pencalang has one or two masts with a deck covered the entire hull and a room in the middle for the cargo hold closed with a fixed deck 2 27 The pencalang has a strongly curved front and rear stern and a round bottom with keel The low freeboard is raised midship through the starboard The ship has heavy transverse beams and a partial or continuous deck A deckhouse has been built over most of the ship s hull The helmsman is protected by a roof The ship is steered with a side rudder that can be used by means of a hook on both sides of the ship The sturdy mast placed against a watertight bulkhead can be lowered onto a mast support The ship has a very wide and low tanja sail with boom The rigging is connected to a long bowsprit The crew is about 8 20 people The length of the original local ships was 10 7 to 16 5 m with 3 7 to 5 5 m width The draft is 1 8 to 3 7 m slightly larger than those built for individual merchants For the VOC they had a length of 55 60 ft 16 76 18 29 m and a load capacity of 20 35 last 36 2 63 35 metric tons at the beginning of the 18th century later they became even larger with a length of 60 75 ft 18 29 22 86 m and a capacity of 60 80 last 108 6 144 8 metric tons 6 Smaller than that they are usually used by pirates 2 27 Role edit nbsp A Malay sailing vessel of the 19th century probably a pencalang One of the earliest account of pencalang has a background from the 15th or 16th century being mentioned in Hikayat Hang Tuah which was composed no earlier than the 17th century Two pencalang and two ghurab were used by Majapahit to send a letter and gifts to improve relationship with Malacca 7 258 Pencalang is mentioned in the Hikayat Indraputra as a weapon carrier 8 200 Pencalang is mainly a merchant vessel but occasionally can be used in warfare and piracy VOC also had this type of ship built in Indonesia to have a small transport ship for use in Indian waters While at the beginning of the 18th century the VOC had both sloops and pencalangs at the end of that century only pencalangs were built In warfare pencalang is often used to spy on the enemy by using its merchant disguise 4 1043 Because of the excellent sailing ability VOC used this ship to fight against pirates 9 See also editChialoup Kakap boat Padewakang Kelulus Penjajap MayangReferences edit Liebner Horst H 2005 Perahu Perahu Tradisional Nusantara Suatu Tinjauan Perkapalan dan Pelayaran in Edi Sedyawati ed Eksplorasi Sumberdaya Budaya Maritim Jakarta Pusat Riset Wilayah Laut dan Sumber Daya Nonhayati Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan Pusat Penelitian Kemasyarakatan dan Budaya Universitas Indonesia pp 53 124 a b c Liebner Horst H 2016 Beberapa Catatan Akan Sejarah Pembuatan Perahu Dan Pelayaran Nusantara Jakarta Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture Knaap G J 1996 Shallow Waters Rising Tide Shipping and Trade in Java around 1775 Leiden KITLV Press a b Departemen Pendidikan Nasional 2008 Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Pusat Bahasa Edisi Keempat Jakarta PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama Kooijmans Marc Oosterling Judith Ellen 2000 VOC Glossarium Verklaringen van Termen Verzameld Uit de Rijks Geschiedkundige Publicatien Die Betrekking Hebben op de Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie The Hague Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis Groenewegen G 1789 Verzameling van vier en tachtig stuks Hollandsche schepen geteekend en in koper gebragt Rotterdam J van den Brink Robson McKillop Rosemary 2010 The Epic of Hang Tuah ITBM ISBN 9789830687100 Mulyadi S W R 1983 Hikayat Indraputra A Malay Romance Dordrecht Foris Lohanda Mona 2018 VOC Glossary Indonesia Jakarta Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia and The Corts Foundation p 12 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pencalang amp oldid 1211471601, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
