The Pays d'en Haut (French:[pɛ.idɑ̃o]; Upper Country) was a territory of New France covering the regions of North America located west of Montreal. The vast territory included most of the Great Lakes region, expanding west and south over time into the North American continent as the French had explored. The Pays d'en Haut was established in 1610 and depended on the colony of Canada until 1763, when the Treaty of Paris ended New France, and both were ceded to the British as the Province of Quebec.[1]
By 1660, France started a policy of expansion into the interior of North America from Canada, with the objectives to locate a Northwest Passage to China, to exploit the territory's natural resources, such as fur and mineral ores, and to convert the native population to Catholicism. Fur traders began exploring the pays d'en haut, the "upper country" around the Great Lakes at the time. In 1659, Pierre-Esprit Radisson and Médard Chouart des Groseilliers reached the western end of Lake Superior, where priests founded missions, such as the Mission of Sault Sainte Marie in 1668. In 1671, Father Jacques Marquette established a French mission at Michilimackinac that would over the next half century become a waypoint for exploration, a place for diplomatic relations with natives, and a commercial center for fur trade. On 17 May 1673, Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette began the exploration of the Mississippi River, which they called the Sioux Tongo (the large river) or Michissipi. They reached the mouth of the Arkansas River, and then returned upstream, having learned that the great river ran towards the Gulf of Mexico and not towards the Pacific Ocean as they had presumed.
^Virtual Museum of New France – Population of Pays d’en Haut and Louisiana
^Jacqueline Peterson, Jennifer S. H. Brown, Many roads to Red River (2001), p. 69
Further readingedit
Jaenen, Cornelius J., ed. (1996). The French Regime in the Upper Country of Canada During the Seventeenth Century. Toronto: Champlain Society Publications. doi:10.3138/9781442618596. ISBN0969342578.
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For other uses see Pays d en Haut The Pays d en Haut French pɛ i dɑ o Upper Country was a territory of New France covering the regions of North America located west of Montreal The vast territory included most of the Great Lakes region expanding west and south over time into the North American continent as the French had explored The Pays d en Haut was established in 1610 and depended on the colony of Canada until 1763 when the Treaty of Paris ended New France and both were ceded to the British as the Province of Quebec 1 Pays d en HautTerritory of New France1610 1763FlagPays d en Haut in New France on a map by Jacques Nicholas Bellin in 1755CapitalQuebecHistory Established1610 Ceded to Britain10 February 1763 Contents 1 History 1 1 Northern expansion 1 2 Southern expansion 1 3 Settlements 2 Recent terminology 3 See also 4 References 5 Further readingHistory editSainte Marie among the Hurons was established in 1639 by the French their first mission north of the Great Lakes along the eastern shore of Lake Huron Following the destruction of the Huron homeland in 1649 by the Iroquois the French missionaries returned to Canada with the remaining Hurons who established themselves in Wendake By 1660 France started a policy of expansion into the interior of North America from Canada with the objectives to locate a Northwest Passage to China to exploit the territory s natural resources such as fur and mineral ores and to convert the native population to Catholicism Fur traders began exploring the pays d en haut the upper country around the Great Lakes at the time In 1659 Pierre Esprit Radisson and Medard Chouart des Groseilliers reached the western end of Lake Superior where priests founded missions such as the Mission of Sault Sainte Marie in 1668 In 1671 Father Jacques Marquette established a French mission at Michilimackinac that would over the next half century become a waypoint for exploration a place for diplomatic relations with natives and a commercial center for fur trade On 17 May 1673 Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette began the exploration of the Mississippi River which they called the Sioux Tongo the large river or Michissipi They reached the mouth of the Arkansas River and then returned upstream having learned that the great river ran towards the Gulf of Mexico and not towards the Pacific Ocean as they had presumed Northern expansion edit In what are today Ontario part of Minnesota and the eastern Prairies various trading posts and forts were built such as Fort Kaministiquia 1679 Fort Frontenac 1673 Fort Saint Pierre 1731 Fort Saint Charles 1732 and Fort Rouille 1750 Southern expansion edit In 1701 Antoine Laumet de La Mothe founded Fort Pontchartrain du Detroit which became the center of French military presence in the region Other forts in the area strengthened the network these included Fort Niagara 1678 Fort Crevecoeur 1680 Fort de Buade 1683 Fort Saint Louis du Rocher 1683 Fort Saint Antoine 1686 Fort Saint Joseph 1691 Fort Michilimackinac 1715 Fort Miami 1715 Fort La Baye 1717 Fort Ouiatenon 1717 Fort Chagouamigon 1718 and Fort Beauharnois 1727 These forts provided French sovereignty in the area and facilitated commerce with the natives In 1717 southern areas nearer the Mississippi River known as the Illinois Country were transferred from Canada to Louisiana a colony of France south at the mouth of the river Settlements edit The French settlements in the Pays d en Haut south of the Great Lakes were Detroit La Baye Sault Sainte Marie Saint Ignace and Vincennes Vincennes was later attached to Pays des Illinois which was part of Louisiana By 1773 the population of Detroit was 1 400 By 1778 its population was up to 2 144 2 Protecting the Pays d en Haut were four forts Fort Presque Isle 1753 Fort Le Boeuf 1753 Fort Duquesne 1754 and Fort Machault 1754 Recent terminology editToday the term Les Pays d en Haut refers to a regional county municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec north of Montreal It is the traditional name of a larger area in the hills northwest of Montreal centred on upper portions of Riviere du Nord Laurentides river Its settlements were founded well after the original meaning of the name had become obsolete The series Les Belles Histoires des pays d en haut takes place in that area See also edit nbsp France portal nbsp North America portal nbsp History portalNew France Military of New France Historic regions of the United States List of French forts in North America Upper CanadaReferences edit Virtual Museum of New France Population of Pays d en Haut and Louisiana Jacqueline Peterson Jennifer S H Brown Many roads to Red River 2001 p 69Further reading editJaenen Cornelius J ed 1996 The French Regime in the Upper Country of Canada During the Seventeenth Century Toronto Champlain Society Publications doi 10 3138 9781442618596 ISBN 0969342578 45 33 00 N 78 34 26 W 45 550 N 78 574 W 45 550 78 574 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pays d 27en Haut amp oldid 1199522458, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
