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Gateway (telecommunications)

February 15, 2024

A gateway is a piece of networking hardware or software used in telecommunications networks that allows data to flow from one discrete network to another. Gateways are distinct from routers or switches in that they communicate using more than one protocol to connect multiple networks[1][2] and can operate at any of the seven layers of the OSI model.

The term gateway can also loosely refer to a computer or computer program configured to perform the tasks of a gateway, such as a default gateway or router, and in the case of HTTP, gateway is also often used as a synonym for reverse proxy.[3] It can also refer to a device installed in homes that combines router and modem functionality into one device, used by ISPs, also called a residential gateway.[4][5][6]

Network gateway edit

A network gateway provides a connection between networks and contains devices, such as protocol translators, impedance matchers, rate converters, fault isolators, or signal translators. A network gateway requires the establishment of mutually acceptable administrative procedures between the networks using the gateway. Network gateways, known as protocol translation gateways or mapping gateways, can perform protocol conversions to connect networks with different network protocol technologies. For example, a network gateway connects an office or home intranet to the Internet. If an office or home computer user wants to load a web page, at least two network gateways are accessed—one to get from the office or home network to the Internet and one to get from the Internet to the computer that serves the web page.

On an Internet Protocol (IP) network, IP packets with a destination outside a given subnetwork are sent to the network gateway. For example, if a private network has a base IPv4 address of 192.168.1.0 and has a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, then any data addressed to an IP address outside of 192.168.1.0–192.168.1.255 is sent to the network gateway. IPv6 networks work in a similar way. While forwarding an IP packet to another network, the gateway may perform network address translation.

In enterprise networks, a network gateway usually also acts as a proxy server and a firewall.[7]

On Microsoft Windows, the Internet Connection Sharing feature allows a computer to act as a gateway by offering a connection between the Internet and an internal network.[8][9]

Internet-to-orbit gateway edit

An Internet-to-orbit gateway (I2O) connects computers or devices on the Internet to computer systems orbiting Earth, such as satellites or crewed spacecraft. Project HERMES, run by the Ecuadorian Civilian Space Agency, was first to implement this kind of gateway on June 6, 2009.[10][11] Project HERMES has a maximum coverage of 22,000 km and can transmit voice and data. The Global Educational Network for Satellite Operations (GENSO) is another type of I2O gateway.

Cloud storage gateway edit

A cloud storage gateway is a network appliance or server which translates cloud storage APIs such as SOAP or REST to block-based storage protocols such as iSCSI, Fiber Channel or file-based interfaces such as NFS or CIFS.[12][13] Cloud storage gateways enable companies to integrate private cloud storage into applications without moving the applications into a public cloud,[14] thereby simplifying data protection.[14]

IoT gateway edit

An Internet of things (IoT) gateway provides the bridge (protocol converter) between IoT devices in the field, the cloud, and user equipment such as smartphones. The IoT gateway provides a communication link between the field and the cloud, and may provide offline services and real-time control of devices in the field.[15][16]

To achieve sustainable interoperability in the Internet of things ecosystem,[17][18] two dominant architectures for data exchange protocols are used: bus-based (DDS, REST, XMPP) and broker-based (AMQP, CoAP, MQTT, JMI). Protocols that support information exchange between interoperable domains are classified as message-centric (AMQP, MQTT, JMS, REST) or data-centric (DDS, CoAP, XMPP).[19][20] Interconnected devices communicate using lightweight protocols that don't require extensive CPU resources. C, Java, Python and some scripting languages are the preferred choices of IoT application developers.[citation needed] IoT nodes use separate IoT gateways to handle protocol conversion, database storage or decision making (e.g. collision handling), in order to supplement the low intelligence of devices.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Network World. IDG Network World Inc. 1997-10-20.
  2. ^ "CCNA Certification/Network Layer - Wikibooks, open books for an open world". en.wikibooks.org. Retrieved 2019-02-15.
  3. ^ Fielding, Roy T.; Reschke, Julian (June 2014). "Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing - 2.3". IETF. Retrieved 2021-09-22.
  4. ^ Beasley, Jeffrey S.; Nilkaew, Piyasat (March 2012). Networking Essentials: Networking Essentials _c3. Pearson Education. ISBN 9780133381702.
  5. ^ Rush, A. J. (June 2014). Your Computer, Your ISP, Your Internet. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781312239746.
  6. ^ "PC Mag". 2 September 2003.
  7. ^ Zhang, Peng (2010-08-26). Advanced Industrial Control Technology. William Andrew. ISBN 9781437778083.
  8. ^ windows-sdk-content. "Using Wireless Hosted Network and Internet Connection Sharing - Windows applications". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2019-02-15.
  9. ^ Zhang, Peng (2010-08-26). Advanced Industrial Control Technology. William Andrew. ISBN 9781437778083.
  10. ^ ESAA. "ECUADORIAN CIVILIAN SPACE AGENCY ANNOUNCES THE CREATION OF THE FIRST INTERNET-TO-ORBIT GATEWAY: THE UNITED NATIONS INVITES EXA TO TRAIN SCIENTISTS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD IN ITS USE".
  11. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-03-07. Retrieved 2009-09-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. ^ Orenstein, Gary (June 22, 2010). . Archived from the original on May 15, 2019. Retrieved June 22, 2011.
  13. ^ Boles, Jeff (15 March 2011). "Cloud file storage pros and cons".
  14. ^ a b Slack, Eric (June 14, 2011). . Archived from the original on February 22, 2012. Retrieved June 22, 2011.
  15. ^ Marvell Unveils Andromeda Box IoT Platform Made for Brillo 2018-08-28 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 13 Nov.2015
  16. ^ Amazon Web Services Announces AWS IoT. 2018-08-28 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 13 Nov.2015
  17. ^ "Internet of Things Global Standards Initiative". ITU. Retrieved 13 Nov.2015.
  18. ^ Arshdeep Bahga, Vijay Madisetti. "Internet of Things (A Hands-on-Approach)". VPT; 1 edition (August 9, 2014)
  19. ^ Stan Schneider. "What's the Difference between Message Centric and Data-Centric Middleware?". Electronic Design. Jul 6, 2012
  20. ^ Bryon Moyer. "All About Messaging Protocols What Are the Differences?". EE JOURNAL. April 20, 2015

Sources edit

February 15, 2024
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A gateway is a piece of networking hardware or software used in telecommunications networks that allows data to flow from one discrete network to another Gateways are distinct from routers or switches in that they communicate using more than one protocol to connect multiple networks 1 2 and can operate at any of the seven layers of the OSI model The term gateway can also loosely refer to a computer or computer program configured to perform the tasks of a gateway such as a default gateway or router and in the case of HTTP gateway is also often used as a synonym for reverse proxy 3 It can also refer to a device installed in homes that combines router and modem functionality into one device used by ISPs also called a residential gateway 4 5 6 Contents 1 Network gateway 2 Internet to orbit gateway 3 Cloud storage gateway 4 IoT gateway 5 See also 6 References 7 SourcesNetwork gateway editA network gateway provides a connection between networks and contains devices such as protocol translators impedance matchers rate converters fault isolators or signal translators A network gateway requires the establishment of mutually acceptable administrative procedures between the networks using the gateway Network gateways known as protocol translation gateways or mapping gateways can perform protocol conversions to connect networks with different network protocol technologies For example a network gateway connects an office or home intranet to the Internet If an office or home computer user wants to load a web page at least two network gateways are accessed one to get from the office or home network to the Internet and one to get from the Internet to the computer that serves the web page On an Internet Protocol IP network IP packets with a destination outside a given subnetwork are sent to the network gateway For example if a private network has a base IPv4 address of 192 168 1 0 and has a subnet mask of 255 255 255 0 then any data addressed to an IP address outside of 192 168 1 0 192 168 1 255 is sent to the network gateway IPv6 networks work in a similar way While forwarding an IP packet to another network the gateway may perform network address translation In enterprise networks a network gateway usually also acts as a proxy server and a firewall 7 On Microsoft Windows the Internet Connection Sharing feature allows a computer to act as a gateway by offering a connection between the Internet and an internal network 8 9 Internet to orbit gateway editAn Internet to orbit gateway I2O connects computers or devices on the Internet to computer systems orbiting Earth such as satellites or crewed spacecraft Project HERMES run by the Ecuadorian Civilian Space Agency was first to implement this kind of gateway on June 6 2009 10 11 Project HERMES has a maximum coverage of 22 000 km and can transmit voice and data The Global Educational Network for Satellite Operations GENSO is another type of I2O gateway Cloud storage gateway editA cloud storage gateway is a network appliance or server which translates cloud storage APIs such as SOAP or REST to block based storage protocols such as iSCSI Fiber Channel or file based interfaces such as NFS or CIFS 12 13 Cloud storage gateways enable companies to integrate private cloud storage into applications without moving the applications into a public cloud 14 thereby simplifying data protection 14 IoT gateway editAn Internet of things IoT gateway provides the bridge protocol converter between IoT devices in the field the cloud and user equipment such as smartphones The IoT gateway provides a communication link between the field and the cloud and may provide offline services and real time control of devices in the field 15 16 To achieve sustainable interoperability in the Internet of things ecosystem 17 18 two dominant architectures for data exchange protocols are used bus based DDS REST XMPP and broker based AMQP CoAP MQTT JMI Protocols that support information exchange between interoperable domains are classified as message centric AMQP MQTT JMS REST or data centric DDS CoAP XMPP 19 20 Interconnected devices communicate using lightweight protocols that don t require extensive CPU resources C Java Python and some scripting languages are the preferred choices of IoT application developers citation needed IoT nodes use separate IoT gateways to handle protocol conversion database storage or decision making e g collision handling in order to supplement the low intelligence of devices See also editAccess Point Name Cable DSL gateway Cloud storage gateway Default gateway Network bridge Network switch Router SMS gateway Subnetwork VoIP gatewayReferences edit Network World IDG Network World Inc 1997 10 20 CCNA Certification Network Layer Wikibooks open books for an open world en wikibooks org Retrieved 2019 02 15 Fielding Roy T Reschke Julian June 2014 Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP 1 1 Message Syntax and Routing 2 3 IETF Retrieved 2021 09 22 Beasley Jeffrey S Nilkaew Piyasat March 2012 Networking Essentials Networking Essentials c3 Pearson Education ISBN 9780133381702 Rush A J June 2014 Your Computer Your ISP Your Internet Lulu com ISBN 9781312239746 PC Mag 2 September 2003 Zhang Peng 2010 08 26 Advanced Industrial Control Technology William Andrew ISBN 9781437778083 windows sdk content Using Wireless Hosted Network and Internet Connection Sharing Windows applications docs microsoft com Retrieved 2019 02 15 Zhang Peng 2010 08 26 Advanced Industrial Control Technology William Andrew ISBN 9781437778083 ESAA ECUADORIAN CIVILIAN SPACE AGENCY ANNOUNCES THE CREATION OF THE FIRST INTERNET TO ORBIT GATEWAY THE UNITED NATIONS INVITES EXA TO TRAIN SCIENTISTS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD IN ITS USE Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2010 03 07 Retrieved 2009 09 22 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Orenstein Gary June 22 2010 GigaOm Show Me the Gateway Taking Storage to the Cloud Archived from the original on May 15 2019 Retrieved June 22 2011 Boles Jeff 15 March 2011 Cloud file storage pros and cons a b Slack Eric June 14 2011 Hybrid Cloud Appliances Simplify Data Storage Infrastructure Archived from the original on February 22 2012 Retrieved June 22 2011 Marvell Unveils Andromeda Box IoT Platform Made for Brillo Archived 2018 08 28 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 13 Nov 2015 Amazon Web Services Announces AWS IoT Archived 2018 08 28 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 13 Nov 2015 Internet of Things Global Standards Initiative ITU Retrieved 13 Nov 2015 Arshdeep Bahga Vijay Madisetti Internet of Things A Hands on Approach VPT 1 edition August 9 2014 Stan Schneider What s the Difference between Message Centric and Data Centric Middleware Electronic Design Jul 6 2012 Bryon Moyer All About Messaging Protocols What Are the Differences EE JOURNAL April 20 2015Sources editFederal Standard 1037C MIL STD 188 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gateway telecommunications amp oldid 1194424062, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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