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Pax Europaea

April 10, 2024

Pax Europaea (English: the European peace – after the historical Pax Romana), was the period of relative peace experienced by Europe following World War II, in which there were notably few international conflicts or wars between European states. This peace had often been associated with the creation of NATO, the European Union (EU), and the predecessor institutions of the EU including the European Economic Community.[1] This era of relative peace has been broadly maintained following the end of the Cold War and the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, with the major exceptions of the Yugoslav Wars, The Troubles in Northern Ireland, and various tensions and wars involving or within Russia (including the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine).

Historic enlargement of the EU and its predecessors.

History edit

Transatlantic cooperation and European integration was designed to maintain the fragile peace that was created in Europe after World War II. With the continent repeatedly falling into war over the past centuries the creation of the European Communities in the 1950s set to integrate its members to such an extent that war between them would be impossible. Meanwhile, the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation formed as defensive military alliance among western European countries with the U.S. and Canada, to deter aggression both within and from without. The European Communities evolved into the European Union, and both it and NATO expanded to cover most of Western Europe, Northern Europe and Southern Europe. Although Central and Eastern Europe remained under Soviet influence as members of the Warsaw Pact, they too experienced little conflict, with the major exception of internal repression, until the 1990s when a series of wars in Yugoslavia broke out as the country disintegrated. The EU was criticised for its inability to prevent the conflict, though the zone is now within its sphere of enlargement.

By 2020, the EU comprised 27 countries, with the majority of European non-member states seeking membership; twelve countries joined the EU in 2000s. In addition, most European countries which remain outside the EU are tied to it by economic agreements and treaties such as the European Economic Area. Although a number of former Soviet republics have joined the EU, or have taken steps to align themselves with various European organisations, Russia has maintained a level of independence from European institutions. Within the EEA, there have been no military conflict since 1945, making it the longest period of peace on the western European mainland since the Pax Romana.

The European Union was awarded the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of its efforts to maintain and actively foster peace within its borders as well as internationally through diplomatic means.[2]

Even though a number of armed conflicts occurred on the European peninsula after World War II, none of them have been between members of the European Union. Most of these conflicts have taken place in the former Yugoslavia and Soviet Union.

List of wars in Europe during the post-WW2 period edit

(Note: Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia can be considered part of Europe or Western Asia; they are listed here for completeness)

Wars involving European countries during the post-WW2 period edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Tsoukalis, Loukas (2005). What Kind of Europe?. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-927948-7.
  2. ^ Herman Van Rompuy; José Manuel Durão Barroso (10 December 2012). "From War to Peace: A European Tale". Nobel Lecture by the European Union. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

April 10, 2024
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Pax Europaea English the European peace after the historical Pax Romana was the period of relative peace experienced by Europe following World War II in which there were notably few international conflicts or wars between European states This peace had often been associated with the creation of NATO the European Union EU and the predecessor institutions of the EU including the European Economic Community 1 This era of relative peace has been broadly maintained following the end of the Cold War and the Dissolution of the Soviet Union with the major exceptions of the Yugoslav Wars The Troubles in Northern Ireland and various tensions and wars involving or within Russia including the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Historic enlargement of the EU and its predecessors Contents 1 History 1 1 List of wars in Europe during the post WW2 period 1 2 Wars involving European countries during the post WW2 period 2 See also 3 ReferencesHistory editTransatlantic cooperation and European integration was designed to maintain the fragile peace that was created in Europe after World War II With the continent repeatedly falling into war over the past centuries the creation of the European Communities in the 1950s set to integrate its members to such an extent that war between them would be impossible Meanwhile the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation formed as defensive military alliance among western European countries with the U S and Canada to deter aggression both within and from without The European Communities evolved into the European Union and both it and NATO expanded to cover most of Western Europe Northern Europe and Southern Europe Although Central and Eastern Europe remained under Soviet influence as members of the Warsaw Pact they too experienced little conflict with the major exception of internal repression until the 1990s when a series of wars in Yugoslavia broke out as the country disintegrated The EU was criticised for its inability to prevent the conflict though the zone is now within its sphere of enlargement By 2020 the EU comprised 27 countries with the majority of European non member states seeking membership twelve countries joined the EU in 2000s In addition most European countries which remain outside the EU are tied to it by economic agreements and treaties such as the European Economic Area Although a number of former Soviet republics have joined the EU or have taken steps to align themselves with various European organisations Russia has maintained a level of independence from European institutions Within the EEA there have been no military conflict since 1945 making it the longest period of peace on the western European mainland since the Pax Romana The European Union was awarded the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of its efforts to maintain and actively foster peace within its borders as well as internationally through diplomatic means 2 Even though a number of armed conflicts occurred on the European peninsula after World War II none of them have been between members of the European Union Most of these conflicts have taken place in the former Yugoslavia and Soviet Union List of wars in Europe during the post WW2 period edit Note Armenia Azerbaijan and Georgia can be considered part of Europe or Western Asia they are listed here for completeness Anti Soviet resistance by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army 1942 1960 Greek Civil War Greece 1946 1949 Northern Ireland Conflict 1960s 1998 Basque conflict 1959 2011 Cyprus Emergency Greek Cypriots EOKA vs United Kingdom 1955 1959 Soviet invasion of Hungary Soviet Union vs Hungary 1956 Invasion of Czechoslovakia Soviet Union vs Czechoslovakia 1968 Turkish invasion of Cyprus Cyprus vs Turkey 1974 Nagorno Karabakh conflict Armenia vs Azerbaijan 1988 present Yugoslav Wars 1991 2001 Ten Day War Slovenia vs Yugoslavia 1991 Croatian War of Independence Croatia vs Yugoslavia 1991 1995 Bosnian War Bosnia vs Yugoslavia 1992 1995 Kosovo War Kosovo vs Yugoslavia 1998 1999 Insurgency in the Presevo Valley UCPMB vs Yugoslavia 1999 2001 2001 insurgency in the Republic of North Macedonia National Liberation Army vs North Macedonia 2001 Georgian Civil War Georgia 1991 1993 East Prigorodny Conflict Ingush militia vs Russia 1992 War of Transnistria Transnistria vs Moldova 1992 Chechen Russian conflict First Chechen War 1994 1996 War of Dagestan 1999 Second Chechen War 1999 2000 Albanian Rebellion of 1997 Albania 1997 Russo Georgian War Georgia vs Russia 2008 Russo Ukrainian War 2014 present 2014 pro Russian unrest in Ukraine Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation 2014 War in Donbass 2014 present 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Kumanovo clashes National Liberation Army vs North Macedonia 2015 Wars involving European countries during the post WW2 period edit Indonesian War of Independence Netherlands Suez Crisis UK and France First Indochina War France Algerian War France Ifni War France and Spain Bizerte crisis France Angolan War of Independence Portugal Dhofar Rebellion UK Guinea Bissau War of Independence Portugal Mozambican War of Independence Portugal Shaba I and II France and Belgium Falklands War 1982 UK Afghanistan War 2001 2014 NATO Iraq War 2003 2011 UK and Poland Military intervention in Libya 2011 NATO Northern Mali conflict 2012 2015 France Central African Republic conflict France See also editEuropean integration Enlargement of the European Union Future enlargement of the European Union Member state of the European Union Pax Americana Pax Britannica Pax HispanicaReferences edit Tsoukalis Loukas 2005 What Kind of Europe Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 927948 7 Herman Van Rompuy Jose Manuel Durao Barroso 10 December 2012 From War to Peace A European Tale Nobel Lecture by the European Union Retrieved 4 January 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pax Europaea amp oldid 1185828876, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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