In its mid course Pawan River passes through the little town of Tandjoengpoera (Tanjungpura). Pawan River passes through Ketapang before passing into the South China Sea at 1°49′30″S109°55′9″E / 1.82500°S 109.91917°E / -1.82500; 109.91917. It is 45 miles (72 km) to the south of Sukadana town. Sukadana means the "city of rays" and known as diamond city. The Pawan river drains into the sea near the present Ketapang through two estuaries; which are meandering channels. The depth of water here is about 6 feet (1.8 m) during spring tide. Tanjungpura is situated about 35 miles (56 km) in the upstream. The river forms one of the major river basins in West Kalimantan Province in the Ketapang Regency (478 kilometres (297 mi) from Pontianak) whose capital is Ketapang. Tropical peats have been identified in its basin area.[4][5]
The river is navigable and bandungs ply on the river. Bandung is not only a transportation means for the people but also a housing unit a sincere they travel long the river course trading along the route in villages on the banks of the river.[6]
Geography
The river flows in the western area of Borneo island with predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).[7] The annual average temperature in the area is 24 °C. The warmest month is June, when the average temperature is around 26 °C, and the coldest is January, at 22 °C.[8] The average annual rainfall is 3702 mm. The wettest month is December, with an average of 505 mm rainfall, and the driest is September, with 140 mm rainfall.[9]
History
Historically the Pawan River passed through the Kingdom of Ulu. It has been inferred that the Pawan River basin was under the influence of powerful tribal group of the "Indianised Javanese kingdom of Majapahit", in the 15th century or earlier. Some traders of this group settled here in the valley in the coastal town of Sukadana and subsequently moved up along the river valley for trading in timber and other goods. Marriage alliances between the trading community and the tribal chiefs daughters legitimised the trading practices. From the 16th century onwards, the surrounding area, upstream of the river valley, was under the control of Dayak Kings (Indianized kings); this was a vast area of the "Dayak kingdom" not only in the upper Pawan River valley but it also extended to the upper Sekadau, across the basin boundary. This area was considered safe from attacks from the pirates and as a result, gold and diamond trade is stated to have flourished till the sultanate of Pontianak created serious economic hurdles to the kingdom of Sanggau.[10][11]
Forest area
The Ketapang Forest area is managed under the Forest Management District office (KPH) which has nine sub districts south of the Pawan River and five sub districts to the north of the river, in the Batu ampar KPH in the Pontinak district.[12]
Fauna
The Bornean orangutan, also found in the forest along the Pawan river in West Kalimantan, are facing severe habitat loss due to logging and clearing land for palm oil and related agriculture activities. Consequently, their population is declining. The orangutans in this region are from the sub-species Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii. They are different from the species found in Sumatra.[13]
^Sungai Pawan at Geonames.org (cc-by); Last updated 17 January 2012; Database dump downloaded 27 November 2015
^(PDF). Embassy of Indonesia Doha. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
^"Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulfur Concentrations in Sungai Putri Peat Forest, Ketapang District of West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia" (PDF). Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, Indonesia. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
^. Archipela Go West Kalimantan. Archived from the original on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^. West Kalimantan. Kalimanatan, the Passion for Adventure Travelers. Archived from the original on 23 March 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^Peel, M C; Finlayson, B L; McMahon, T A (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 11 (5): 1633–1644. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007.
^"NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index". NASA. 30 January 2016.
^"The kingdom of Ulu are in Borneo's history: a comment. (Research Notes)". The Free Library. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
^"The kingdom of Ulu are in Borneo's history: a comment". Borneo Research Council. 1999. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
^Soetarto, Endriatmo; Soetarto, M. T. Felix Sitorus; M. Yusup Napiri (2001). Decentralisation of administration, policy making and forest management in ... Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). ISBN979-8764-85-4.
^"Little resilience in the face of logging and fire". WWF. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
pawan, river, major, river, west, kalimantan, indonesia, length, kilometres, tributaries, include, keriau, river, sungai, pawan, kerlauthe, pawan, ketapang, drainage, basinriver, mouth, locationshow, kalimantan, indonesia, show, indonesialocationcountryindones. Pawan River is a major river of West Kalimantan Indonesia 1 2 It has a length of 197 kilometres 122 mi 3 Tributaries include the Keriau River Pawan RiverSungai Pawan KerlauThe Pawan at KetapangPawan River drainage basinRiver mouth locationShow map of KalimantanPawan River Indonesia Show map of IndonesiaLocationCountryIndonesiaPhysical characteristicsSource locationWest Kalimantan BorneoLength197 km 122 mi Basin size13 400 km2 5 200 sq mi Discharge locationPawan Delta South China Sea average1 215 m3 s 42 900 cu ft s Contents 1 Hydrology 2 Geography 3 History 4 Forest area 4 1 Fauna 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHydrology EditIn its mid course Pawan River passes through the little town of Tandjoengpoera Tanjungpura Pawan River passes through Ketapang before passing into the South China Sea at 1 49 30 S 109 55 9 E 1 82500 S 109 91917 E 1 82500 109 91917 It is 45 miles 72 km to the south of Sukadana town Sukadana means the city of rays and known as diamond city The Pawan river drains into the sea near the present Ketapang through two estuaries which are meandering channels The depth of water here is about 6 feet 1 8 m during spring tide Tanjungpura is situated about 35 miles 56 km in the upstream The river forms one of the major river basins in West Kalimantan Province in the Ketapang Regency 478 kilometres 297 mi from Pontianak whose capital is Ketapang Tropical peats have been identified in its basin area 4 5 The river is navigable and bandungs ply on the river Bandung is not only a transportation means for the people but also a housing unit a sincere they travel long the river course trading along the route in villages on the banks of the river 6 Geography EditThe river flows in the western area of Borneo island with predominantly tropical rainforest climate designated as Af in the Koppen Geiger climate classification 7 The annual average temperature in the area is 24 C The warmest month is June when the average temperature is around 26 C and the coldest is January at 22 C 8 The average annual rainfall is 3702 mm The wettest month is December with an average of 505 mm rainfall and the driest is September with 140 mm rainfall 9 History EditHistorically the Pawan River passed through the Kingdom of Ulu It has been inferred that the Pawan River basin was under the influence of powerful tribal group of the Indianised Javanese kingdom of Majapahit in the 15th century or earlier Some traders of this group settled here in the valley in the coastal town of Sukadana and subsequently moved up along the river valley for trading in timber and other goods Marriage alliances between the trading community and the tribal chiefs daughters legitimised the trading practices From the 16th century onwards the surrounding area upstream of the river valley was under the control of Dayak Kings Indianized kings this was a vast area of the Dayak kingdom not only in the upper Pawan River valley but it also extended to the upper Sekadau across the basin boundary This area was considered safe from attacks from the pirates and as a result gold and diamond trade is stated to have flourished till the sultanate of Pontianak created serious economic hurdles to the kingdom of Sanggau 10 11 Forest area EditThe Ketapang Forest area is managed under the Forest Management District office KPH which has nine sub districts south of the Pawan River and five sub districts to the north of the river in the Batu ampar KPH in the Pontinak district 12 Fauna Edit The Bornean orangutan also found in the forest along the Pawan river in West Kalimantan are facing severe habitat loss due to logging and clearing land for palm oil and related agriculture activities Consequently their population is declining The orangutans in this region are from the sub species Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii They are different from the species found in Sumatra 13 See also EditList of rivers of Indonesia List of rivers of KalimantanReferences Edit Rand McNally The New International Atlas 1993 Sungai Pawan at Geonames org cc by Last updated 17 January 2012 Database dump downloaded 27 November 2015 West Kalimantan PDF Embassy of Indonesia Doha Archived from the original PDF on 13 July 2011 Retrieved 30 October 2010 Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Carbon Nitrogen and Sulfur Concentrations in Sungai Putri Peat Forest Ketapang District of West Kalimantan Province Indonesia PDF Tanjungpura University Pontianak Indonesia Retrieved 1 November 2010 Places of Interest in West Kalimantan Archipela Go West Kalimantan Archived from the original on 21 January 2010 Retrieved 1 November 2010 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Kalimantan as a Tourism Destination West Kalimantan Kalimanatan the Passion for Adventure Travelers Archived from the original on 23 March 2010 Retrieved 1 November 2010 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Peel M C Finlayson B L McMahon T A 2007 Updated world map of the Koppen Geiger climate classification Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11 5 1633 1644 doi 10 5194 hess 11 1633 2007 NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index NASA 30 January 2016 NASA Earth Observations Rainfall 1 month TRMM NASA Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission 30 January 2016 The kingdom of Ulu are in Borneo s history a comment Research Notes The Free Library Retrieved 1 November 2010 The kingdom of Ulu are in Borneo s history a comment Borneo Research Council 1999 Retrieved 30 October 2010 Soetarto Endriatmo Soetarto M T Felix Sitorus M Yusup Napiri 2001 Decentralisation of administration policy making and forest management in Center for International Forestry Research CIFOR ISBN 979 8764 85 4 Little resilience in the face of logging and fire WWF Archived from the original on 15 April 2013 Retrieved 1 November 2010 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link External links EditPhotograph Coordinates 1 43 45 S 110 12 37 E 1 72917 S 110 21028 E 1 72917 110 21028 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pawan River amp oldid 1070821237, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
