The radula in this species is longer than the shell itself. It contains 1,920 teeth in 160 rows of 12 teeth each. Patella vulgata is found attached to firm substrates from the high shore to the edge of the sublittoral zone, although it predominates in areas of wave action. Its shell is conical, up to around 6 cm long, and lacks defined chirality. Common limpets are believed to be able to live for up to twenty years.[3]
Patella vulgata has been the focus of a range of scientific investigation, as far back as 1935.[4] Its development is well described[5] and it has been the focus of transcriptomic investigation, providing a range of genomic sequence data in this species for analysis.[6]
Their teeth are the strongest natural material known. A study published in the Royal Society journal in 2015 concluded that "the tensile strength of limpet teeth can reach values significantly higher than spider silk, considered to be currently the strongest biological material, and only comparable to the strongest commercial carbon fibres.” The material was able to withstand 4.9 GPa. This considerable tensile strength of limpet teeth is attributed to a high mineral volume fraction of reinforcing goethite nanofibres.[7][8][9][10][11]
Patella browsing marks
Human consumptionedit
The common limpet was formerly eaten in Ireland, especially during times of hunger such as the Great Famine of 1845–50; it was known to be very tough and had to be thoroughly boiled or roasted to be edible.[12] One Irish proverb said that "Mussels are the food of kings, limpets are the food of peasants."[13]Tomas O'Crohan described eating them in his memoir The Islandman.[14] They are also consumed in Asturias in Spain under the name "Llampares" and in Portugal under the name "Lapas".
^"Limpets". BritishSeaFishing.co.uk. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
^Smith, F (1935). "The Development of Patella vulgata". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 225 (520): 95–125. doi:10.1098/rstb.1935.0008.
^Damen, Peter; Dictus, Wim J.A.G. (1994). "Cell Lineage of the Prototroch of Patella vulgata (Gastropoda, Mollusca)". Developmental Biology. 162 (2): 364–383. doi:10.1006/dbio.1994.1094. PMID 8150201.
^Werner, Gijsbert D. A.; Gemmell, Patrick; Grosser, Stefanie; Hamer, Rebecca; Shimeld, Sebastian M. (2013). "Analysis of a deep transcriptome from the mantle tissue of Patella vulgata Linnaeus (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Patellidae) reveals candidate biomineralising genes". Marine Biotechnology. 15 (2): 230–243. doi:10.1007/s10126-012-9481-0. PMID 22865210. S2CID 1836313.
^Asa H. Barber; Dun Lu & Nicola M. Pugno (2015). "Extreme strength observed in limpet teeth". Journal of the Royal Society Interface. Royal Society journal. 12 (105): 20141326. doi:10.1098/rsif.2014.1326. PMC4387522. PMID 25694539.
^Webb, Jonathan. "Limpet teeth set new strength record" BBC News, 18 February 2015. February 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
^"Sea Snail Teeth Top Spider Silk as Strongest Material on Earth". NBC News.
^"Limpet teeth 'strongest material ever'" – via www.bbc.com.
^"Limpet teeth rewrite record books" – via www.bbc.com.
^Enright, Damien (August 18, 2008). "Enjoying a tasty treat from the salty sea". Irish Examiner.
^Crohan, Tomás Ó (June 28, 1978). The Islandman. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-281233-9 – via Google Books.
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. ii, 824 pp.
Lespinet, Nederbragt, Cassan, Dictus, Van Loon, et al. Characterisation of two snail genes in the gastropod mollusc Patella vulgata. Implications for understanding the ancestral function of the snail-related genes in Bilateria. 2002.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Patella vulgata.
patella, vulgata, common, name, common, limpet, common, european, limpet, species, snail, typical, true, limpet, marine, gastropod, mollusc, family, patellidae, with, gills, this, species, occurs, waters, western, europe, live, rock, walesshell, scientific, cl. Patella vulgata common name the common limpet or common European limpet 2 is a species of sea snail It is a typical true limpet a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Patellidae with gills 1 This species occurs in the waters of Western Europe Patella vulgataLive Patella vulgata on a rock in WalesShell of Patella vulgataScientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum MolluscaClass Gastropoda unranked clade PatellogastropodaFamily PatellidaeGenus PatellaSpecies P vulgataBinomial namePatella vulgataLinnaeus 1758Synonyms 1 Patella conica Anton 1838 Patella hypsilotera Locard 1892 Patella radiata Perry 1811 Patella vulgata var aurea Dautzenberg amp Durouchoux 1906 Patella vulgata var communis Brown 1844 Patella vulgata var elevata Jeffreys 1865 Patella vulgata var major Dautzenberg amp Durouchoux 1906 Patella vulgata var secernenda Dautzenberg 1887 Contents 1 Radula 2 Human consumption 3 See also 4 Gallery 5 References 6 External linksRadula editThe radula in this species is longer than the shell itself It contains 1 920 teeth in 160 rows of 12 teeth each Patella vulgata is found attached to firm substrates from the high shore to the edge of the sublittoral zone although it predominates in areas of wave action Its shell is conical up to around 6 cm long and lacks defined chirality Common limpets are believed to be able to live for up to twenty years 3 Patella vulgata has been the focus of a range of scientific investigation as far back as 1935 4 Its development is well described 5 and it has been the focus of transcriptomic investigation providing a range of genomic sequence data in this species for analysis 6 Their teeth are the strongest natural material known A study published in the Royal Society journal in 2015 concluded that the tensile strength of limpet teeth can reach values significantly higher than spider silk considered to be currently the strongest biological material and only comparable to the strongest commercial carbon fibres The material was able to withstand 4 9 GPa This considerable tensile strength of limpet teeth is attributed to a high mineral volume fraction of reinforcing goethite nanofibres 7 8 9 10 11 nbsp Patella browsing marksHuman consumption editThe common limpet was formerly eaten in Ireland especially during times of hunger such as the Great Famine of 1845 50 it was known to be very tough and had to be thoroughly boiled or roasted to be edible 12 One Irish proverb said that Mussels are the food of kings limpets are the food of peasants 13 Tomas O Crohan described eating them in his memoir The Islandman 14 They are also consumed in Asturias in Spain under the name Llampares and in Portugal under the name Lapas See also editLimpetGallery edit nbsp Shells of the common limpet from Wales nbsp Patella vulgata in litoral of Finistere near Porspoder the region affected by the Amoco Cadiz tanker disaster in 1978 nbsp Drawing of the soft body and underside of the shell of Patella vulgata a foot b fringed mantle c tentacles d mouth e eyes f gills nbsp Photograph of the soft body and underside nbsp Radula of Patella vulgata a median teeth b laterals c uncini or marginals nbsp Remains of a human meal limpet shells from Cantabrian Lower Magdalenian layer of the Altamira cave MHNT nbsp Patella vulgata in its natural habitat References edit a b Gofas S 2014 Patella vulgata Linnaeus 1758 Accessed through World Register of Marine Species at http www marinespecies org aphia php p taxdetails amp id 140685 on 2014 10 29 Edible Molluscs Page 6 www manandmollusc net Limpets BritishSeaFishing co uk Retrieved 24 January 2014 Smith F 1935 The Development of Patella vulgata Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 225 520 95 125 doi 10 1098 rstb 1935 0008 Damen Peter Dictus Wim J A G 1994 Cell Lineage of the Prototroch of Patella vulgata Gastropoda Mollusca Developmental Biology 162 2 364 383 doi 10 1006 dbio 1994 1094 PMID 8150201 Werner Gijsbert D A Gemmell Patrick Grosser Stefanie Hamer Rebecca Shimeld Sebastian M 2013 Analysis of a deep transcriptome from the mantle tissue of Patella vulgata Linnaeus Mollusca Gastropoda Patellidae reveals candidate biomineralising genes Marine Biotechnology 15 2 230 243 doi 10 1007 s10126 012 9481 0 PMID 22865210 S2CID 1836313 Asa H Barber Dun Lu amp Nicola M Pugno 2015 Extreme strength observed in limpet teeth Journal of the Royal Society Interface Royal Society journal 12 105 20141326 doi 10 1098 rsif 2014 1326 PMC 4387522 PMID 25694539 Webb Jonathan Limpet teeth set new strength record BBC News 18 February 2015 Archived February 18 2015 at the Wayback Machine Sea Snail Teeth Top Spider Silk as Strongest Material on Earth NBC News Limpet teeth strongest material ever via www bbc com Limpet teeth rewrite record books via www bbc com Enright Damien August 18 2008 Enjoying a tasty treat from the salty sea Irish Examiner Slainte Alive Alive Oh Irish America Crohan Tomas o June 28 1978 The Islandman Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 281233 9 via Google Books Linnaeus C 1758 Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus differentiis synonymis locis Editio decima reformata Laurentius Salvius Holmiae ii 824 pp Lespinet Nederbragt Cassan Dictus Van Loon et al Characterisation of two snail genes in the gastropod mollusc Patella vulgata Implications for understanding the ancestral function of the snail related genes in Bilateria 2002 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Patella vulgata Entry in Encyclopedia of Life MarLIN species information Live underwater image BBC Info retrieved 2012 FSC Info great pix Retrieved 2012 Photos of Patella vulgata on Sealife Collection Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Patella vulgata amp oldid 1178908592, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
