Parotodus, commonly known as the false-toothed mako shark (or false mako shark), is an extinct genus of mackerel shark that lived approximately 53 to one million years ago during the Eocene and Pleistoceneepochs. Its teeth, which are found worldwide, are often prized by fossil collectors due to their rarity. The scarcity of fossils is because Parotodus likely primarily inhabited open oceans far away from the continents.
Initially appearing as a small shark, Parotodus gradually increased in size over geologic time and by the Neogene period became one of the largest sharks of its time.[4] A 1999 study estimated the genus to have measured up to 7.6 meters (25 ft) in length.[5] The teeth of Parotodus are distinctively curved and rarely show feeding damage, which suggests that it mainly preyed on soft-bodied animals. Paleontologists speculate that this included other sharks, including the contemporaneous Megalodon.[6]
Currently, three valid species are generally recognized within Parotodus. These include P. benedenii, P. pavlovi, and P. mangyshlakensis. However, some scientists, especially those who identify Parotodus as a cardabiodont, do not recognize the latter two as members of the genus.[4]
A fourth species was reported by Ward, Nakatani, and Bernard in a 2017 poster from the Oligocene of Japan. The poster stated that the new species is to be named after Yasuhiro Fudouji, the paleontologist who discovered the type specimens, and will be formally described in an upcoming paper. However, the scientific name was not explicitly stated to avoid an accidental invalidation of the taxon.[6]
The genus is often regarded as a rare species despite its presence in ocean deposits worldwide. As a result, it is often prized by fossil collectors. Paleontologists believe that Parotodus likely inhabited primarily open oceans like the modern oceanic whitetip shark and blue shark. This would explain why fossils of a cosmopolitan animal are so rare, given that open oceans are seldom represented in terrestrial fossil deposits. This hypothesis is additionally supported by how Parotodus teeth are unusually common in nodule deposits under the Pacific and Indian Oceans and on islands located far away from continental lands.[4]
^Iserbyt, A.; De Schutter, P.J. (2012). "Quantitative analysis of Elasmobranch assemblages from two successive Ypresian (early Eocene) facies at Marke, western Belgium". Geologica Belgica. 15 (3): 147–156.
^Steurbaut, E. (2006). "Ypresian". In Dejonghe, L. (ed.). Current status of chronostratigraphic units named from Belgium and adjacent areas. Vol. 9. pp. 73–93. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
^Boessenecker, S.J.; Boessenecker, R.W.; Geisler, J.H. (2018). "Youngest record of the extinct walrus Ontocetus emmonsi from the Early Pleistocene of South Carolina and a review of North Atlantic walrus biochronology" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 63 (2): 279–286. doi:10.4202/app.00454.2018.
^ abcdeCanevet, J. (2019), "Le genre Parotodus: le faux requin-mako", Fossiles (in French), no. 37, pp. 39–50
^Kent, B.W. (1999). "Speculations on the Size and Morphology of the Extinct Lamnoid Shark, Parotodus benedeni (le Hon)" (PDF). The Mosasaur. 6: 11–15.
^ abWard, D.J.; Nakatani, D.; Bernard, E.L. (2017), A new species of Parotodus (Lamniformes: Otodontidae) from the Oligocene of Japan, The Palaeontological Association, doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.33171.58404
^Kent, B.W. (2018). "The Cartilaginous Fishes (Chimaeras, Sharks, and Rays) of Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA". In Godfrey, S. J. (ed.). The Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA. pp. 45–157. ISSN 1943-6688. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
^Tatiana P. Malyshkina; David J. Ward; Mikhail V. Nazarkin; Gi-Soo Nam; Seung-Hyuk Kwon; Jeong-Hyun Lee; Tae-Wan Kim; Do-Kwon Kim; Doo-Sung Baek (2022). "Miocene Elasmobranchii from the Duho Formation, South Korea". Historical Biology. 35 (9): 1726–1741. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2110870.
parotodus, commonly, known, false, toothed, mako, shark, false, mako, shark, extinct, genus, mackerel, shark, that, lived, approximately, million, years, during, eocene, pleistocene, epochs, teeth, which, found, worldwide, often, prized, fossil, collectors, th. Parotodus commonly known as the false toothed mako shark or false mako shark is an extinct genus of mackerel shark that lived approximately 53 to one million years ago during the Eocene and Pleistocene epochs Its teeth which are found worldwide are often prized by fossil collectors due to their rarity The scarcity of fossils is because Parotodus likely primarily inhabited open oceans far away from the continents ParotodusTemporal range Early Eocene Pleistocene 53 3 1 1 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N 1 2 3 Fossil teeth of Parotodus benedenii Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Elasmobranchii Subdivision Selachimorpha Order Lamniformes Family incertae sedis Genus ParotodusCappetta 1980 Type species Parotodus benedeniiLe Hon 1871 Species P benedeniiLe Hon 1871 type P pavloviMenner 1928 P mangyshlakensisKozlov 1999 Contents 1 Description 2 Classification 3 Fossil records 4 References 5 See alsoDescription editInitially appearing as a small shark Parotodus gradually increased in size over geologic time and by the Neogene period became one of the largest sharks of its time 4 A 1999 study estimated the genus to have measured up to 7 6 meters 25 ft in length 5 The teeth of Parotodus are distinctively curved and rarely show feeding damage which suggests that it mainly preyed on soft bodied animals Paleontologists speculate that this included other sharks including the contemporaneous Megalodon 6 Classification editDue to the general scarcity and ambiguity of fossils the familiar placement remains uncertain Several proposals suggest classifying the genus as a mega toothed shark cardabiodont archaeolamnid thresher shark or white shark 4 7 Currently three valid species are generally recognized within Parotodus These include P benedenii P pavlovi and P mangyshlakensis However some scientists especially those who identify Parotodus as a cardabiodont do not recognize the latter two as members of the genus 4 A fourth species was reported by Ward Nakatani and Bernard in a 2017 poster from the Oligocene of Japan The poster stated that the new species is to be named after Yasuhiro Fudouji the paleontologist who discovered the type specimens and will be formally described in an upcoming paper However the scientific name was not explicitly stated to avoid an accidental invalidation of the taxon 6 Fossil records edit nbsp Parotodus inhabited pelagic open oceans like the oceanic whitetip shark The genus is often regarded as a rare species despite its presence in ocean deposits worldwide As a result it is often prized by fossil collectors Paleontologists believe that Parotodus likely inhabited primarily open oceans like the modern oceanic whitetip shark and blue shark This would explain why fossils of a cosmopolitan animal are so rare given that open oceans are seldom represented in terrestrial fossil deposits This hypothesis is additionally supported by how Parotodus teeth are unusually common in nodule deposits under the Pacific and Indian Oceans and on islands located far away from continental lands 4 Parotodus fossils have been recovered from fossil deposits in the Azores Mallorca Malta Europe Madagascar Kazakhstan Japan South Korea South Africa New Zealand Australia Peru California the East Coast of the United States and dredged from the Pacific and Indian Oceans 4 8 References edit Iserbyt A De Schutter P J 2012 Quantitative analysis of Elasmobranch assemblages from two successive Ypresian early Eocene facies at Marke western Belgium Geologica Belgica 15 3 147 156 Steurbaut E 2006 Ypresian In Dejonghe L ed Current status of chronostratigraphic units named from Belgium and adjacent areas Vol 9 pp 73 93 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a journal ignored help Boessenecker S J Boessenecker R W Geisler J H 2018 Youngest record of the extinct walrus Ontocetus emmonsi from the Early Pleistocene of South Carolina and a review of North Atlantic walrus biochronology PDF Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 2 279 286 doi 10 4202 app 00454 2018 a b c d e Canevet J 2019 Le genre Parotodus le faux requin mako Fossiles in French no 37 pp 39 50 Kent B W 1999 Speculations on the Size and Morphology of the Extinct Lamnoid Shark Parotodus benedeni le Hon PDF The Mosasaur 6 11 15 a b Ward D J Nakatani D Bernard E L 2017 A new species ofParotodus Lamniformes Otodontidae from the Oligocene of Japan The Palaeontological Association doi 10 13140 RG 2 2 33171 58404 Kent B W 2018 The Cartilaginous Fishes Chimaeras Sharks and Rays of Calvert Cliffs Maryland USA In Godfrey S J ed The Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of Calvert Cliffs Maryland USA pp 45 157 ISSN 1943 6688 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a journal ignored help Tatiana P Malyshkina David J Ward Mikhail V Nazarkin Gi Soo Nam Seung Hyuk Kwon Jeong Hyun Lee Tae Wan Kim Do Kwon Kim Doo Sung Baek 2022 Miocene Elasmobranchii from the Duho Formation South Korea Historical Biology 35 9 1726 1741 doi 10 1080 08912963 2022 2110870 See also editList of prehistoric cartilaginous fish Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Parotodus amp oldid 1212248929, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
