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Parma Calcio 1913

October 23, 2023

Parma Calcio 1913 (Italian pronunciation: [ˈparma]), commonly known as Parma, is an Italian professional football club based in Parma, Emilia-Romagna, which competes in the Serie B, the second tier of Italian football.

Parma
Full nameParma Calcio 1913 S.r.l.
Nickname(s)I Crociati (The Crusaders)

I Gialloblu (The Yellow and Blues)

I Ducali (The Duchy Men)

Gli Emiliani (The Emilians)
StadiumStadio Ennio Tardini
Capacity27,906
PresidentKyle Krause
ManagerFabio Pecchia
LeagueSerie B
2022–23Serie B, 4th of 20
WebsiteClub website
Current season

Parma Football Club was originally founded in December 1913, while the current society dates back to 2015. The team has been playing its home matches in the 27,906-seat Stadio Ennio Tardini, often referred to as simply Il Tardini, since 1923.

Financed by Calisto Tanzi, the club won eight trophies between 1992 and 2002, a period in which it achieved its best ever league finish as runners-up in the 1996–97 season. The club has won three Coppa Italia, one Supercoppa Italiana, two UEFA Cups, one European Super Cup and one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.[1][2]

Financial troubles were brought about in late 2003 by the Parmalat scandal which caused the parent company to collapse and resulted in the club operating in controlled administration until January 2007. The club was declared bankrupt in 2015 and refounded in the Serie D, but secured a record three straight promotions to return to the top flight in 2018.

The performance of Parma in the Italian football league structure since the first season of a unified Serie A (1929/30)

History Edit

Main article: History of Parma Calcio 1913

Early years (1913–1968) Edit

 
 
class=notpageimage|
Location of Parma in Italy

The club was founded in July 1913 as Verdi Foot Ball Club in honour of the centenary of famous opera composer Giuseppe Verdi, who was born in the province of Parma. It adopted yellow and blue as its colours.[3][4]

In December of the same year, Parma Foot Ball Club was formed from many of the original club's players and began wearing white shirts emblazoned with a black cross.[5] Parma began playing league football during the 1919–20 season after the end of World War I. Construction of a stadium, the Stadio Ennio Tardini, began two years later.[6] Parma became a founder member of Serie B after finishing as runners-up in the Prima Divisione in the 1928–29 season. The club would remain in Serie B for three years before being relegated and changing its name to Associazione Sportiva Parma in 1930.[4] In the 1935–36 season, Parma became a founding member of Serie C, where the club stayed until winning promotion back to Serie B in 1943. Italian football was then brought to a halt as the Second World War intensified, although the team did make an appearance in the Campianto Alta Italia in 1944.

 
1956–57 Parma in Gialloblù shirt

Following the restart of organised football, Parma spent three years in Serie B, then split into two regional divisions, before again being relegated in 1948–49 to Serie C. The side would spend another five seasons in Serie C before an eleven-year spell in Serie B that included the achievement of ninth position in 1954–55, a club record at that time.[7] This was an era in which the club's players generally held down other jobs or were still in education and when the town's amateur rugby union and volleyball sides, Rugby Parma F.C. 1931 and Ferrovieri Parma, proved more popular among the more privileged.[8] Parma made its debut in European competition during the 1960–61 season, defeating Swiss side AC Bellinzona in the Coppa delle Alpi, but relegation to Serie C followed in 1964–65 season. Parma spent just one season in Serie C before a second successive relegation, this time to Serie D, in 1966.

Rebirth and improvement (1968–1989) Edit

The club was in turmoil and was ordered into liquidation by the Court of Parma in 1968, changing its name to Parma Football Club that year. In 1969, another local team, Associazione Calcio Parmense, won promotion to Serie D. On 1 January 1970, A.C. Parmense adopted the sporting licence of the liquidated club which had been formed in 1913. This meant that it had the right to use the Crociata shirts, the badge and the city's name.[3][4][7] This brought about a change of luck in both financial and sporting terms, as the side was crowned Serie D champions and spent three years in Serie C before promotion to Serie B; however, it was a short stay. The team was relegated back to Serie C in its second season in the division. A return to Serie B did not materialise until the end of the 1970s and the club again lasted only one season in the second division of Italian football.

 
1973–74 Parma in its classic Crociata shirt

Under the management of Cesare Maldini, Parma once again returned to Serie B after winning its division in 1984 with victory on the final day over Sanremo; Juventus-bound Stefano Pioli scored the only goal of the game. The Ducali again only spent a year in Serie B, finishing third from bottom and succumbing to relegation as a consequence. Arrigo Sacchi did, however, manage to return the club to Serie B in 1986 after a single season in the third tier. The side enjoyed good success that season in missing out on promotion to Italy's top tier by just three points and eliminating A.C. Milan from the Coppa Italia, a result that convinced owner Silvio Berlusconi to hire Sacchi as the new manager of the Rossoneri. Sacchi's replacement, Zdeněk Zeman, was fired after just seven matches and replaced by Giampieri Vitali, who secured two consecutive mid-table finishes.

Success and insolvency (1989–2004) Edit

Nevio Scala was appointed as head coach in 1989.[7] Scala's Parma secured a historic promotion in 1990 to Serie A with a 2–0 Derby dell'Enza win over Reggiana.[9] Investment from parent company Parmalat helped to improve the team's fortunes and the club made its debut in UEFA competition in 1991.[3][9][10][11] Scala led the club to its first four major honours. The first of these was the Coppa Italia in 1991–92, beating Juventus 2–1 over two legs. The following year came the first international triumph in a 3–1 victory in the Cup Winners' Cup over Belgian side Antwerp at Wembley.[9][12] The next season, the side was successful in the European Super Cup, overcoming Milan 2–1 on aggregate, but lost the Cup Winners' Cup final 1–0 to Arsenal.[9] Scala's final success with Parma was in another two-legged final against Juventus: Dino Baggio scored twice to give Parma a 2–1 aggregate win, but Juventus exacted revenge in the Coppa Italia final. Replaced by Carlo Ancelotti, Scala departed in 1996 and was a popular coach for the trophies he won and because the team played attractive football in the tradition of the club.[8]

 
Nevio Scala trained the squad between 1989 and 1996, taking it from second division to European triumphs.

Ancelotti overhauled the team and guided it to a record second place in 1997.[9][13][14] Parma consequently made its debut in the UEFA Champions League the following year. Alberto Malesani was installed as coach in 1998 and the club completed a rare cup double in his first season, winning the Coppa Italia final against Fiorentina on the away goals rule and the UEFA Cup against Marseille at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow with a 3–0 victory before 1999 Supercoppa Italiana victory over league champions Milan followed in August 1999. In 2000, Hernán Crespo was sold to Lazio for a world record transfer fee and Malesani departed.

Under replacement Renzo Ulivieri, the club lost the Coppa Italia final to Fiorentina. Under Pietro Carmignani in 2002, Parma won the third Coppa Italia trophy against Juventus (but would slip to defeat in the 2002 Supercoppa Italiana) and finished outside the top six for the first time since promotion in 1990. This success earned it a tag as one of the "Seven Sisters".[15][16] In April 2004, the club was declared insolvent following the financial meltdown of Parmalat and the club remained in special administration for three years.[17][18][19]

Rebirth and another bankruptcy (2004–2015) Edit

The club re-formed as Parma Football Club SpA in June 2004[20] (as a subsidiary of being liquidated Parma AC SpA) and the 2004–05 season saw Parma plummet to its lowest finish in Serie A – despite a second consecutive 23-goal haul from Gilardino, who was then sold for €25 million[21] – as managers came and went.[15] Parma ended the following season, its first without European competition since 1991, in tenth, but returned in 2006 after the Calciopoli scandal.

 
Hernán Crespo represented the club in two spells (1996–2000 and 2010–2012), winning three trophies and becoming the club's all-time record goalscorer.

On 24 January 2007, Tommaso Ghirardi bought the club out of administration and became the owner and president of the club.[22] Manager Claudio Ranieri helped the team avoid relegation to Serie B on the final day of the 2006–07 season following his February appointment.[23][24] However, under a succession of managers, Parma's battle with relegation the following year was not successful, consigning the club to Serie B after 18 years in the top flight.[4][25]

Francesco Guidolin won promotion back to Serie A at the first attempt with a second-place finish and led the side to eighth on its return to Serie A in 2009–10, narrowly missing out on qualification for the UEFA Europa League before leaving for Udinese. In May 2010, Guidolin swapped jobs with Pasquale Marino, who was sacked by Ghirardi in April 2011 when Parma was caught in another relegation dogfight.[26][27][28] Under Marino's replacement, Franco Colomba, Parma escaped the threat of relegation with two games to spare.[29] In January 2012, Colomba was replaced by Roberto Donadoni following a winless run that culminated in a 5–0 loss to Inter Milan and the new coach led the team to eighth position in a Serie A club record seven-match winning run.[30][31]

In 2014, Donadoni guided Parma to sixth in Serie A and a third consecutive top ten finish, but a return to Europe in the Europa League for the first time since 2007 was barred due to the late payment of income tax on salaries, not qualifying for a UEFA license, for which the club would also be docked points during the 2014–15 Serie A season.[32][33] Financial troubles precipitated a succession of ownership changes and the club's eventual bankruptcy in March 2015 with total liabilities of €218 million, including €63m unpaid salaries.[34][35][36] The club was allowed to finish the season but finished bottom of the league in 20th place. Administrators Angelo Anedda and Alberto Guiotto were forced to put some trophies to sell in an auction in a desperate attempt to raise money to cover the debt. These included: three Coppa Italia won in 1992, 1999 and 2002, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup from 1993, the 1994 UEFA Super Cup, two UEFA Cup of 1995 and 1999 and the 1999 Supercoppa Italiana.[37]

Another rebirth (2015–present) Edit

 
Parma awarded at the city hall for its 3rd in-a-row promotion between 2015 and 2018, which brought the club back from Serie D to Serie A

The re-founded club, S.S.D. Parma Calcio 1913, was formed in July 2015, taking its name from the year of foundation of the predecessor club and securing a place in the 2015–16 Serie D under article 52 of N.O.I.F. as the representative of Parma.[38] Ex-head coach Nevio Scala was appointed as president and former player Luigi Apolloni was chosen as head coach.[39] In the club's first season, it sold over 9,000 season tickets, more than doubling the Serie D record.[40] Parma achieved promotion from Serie D into professional football league Lega Pro with three games to spare following a 2–1 win against Delta Rovigo, ending the season in first place with 94 points from 38 games, and an unbeaten run of 28 victories and 10 draws.[41][42]

Parma ended the 2016–17 Lega Pro season in second place of Group B, but were promoted to Serie B after a 2–0 win over Alessandria in the promotion play-off final.[43]

On 18 May 2018, Parma achieved a third promotion in three seasons, becoming the first Italian football club to achieve this, having finished the 2017–18 Serie B season second behind champions Empoli and level on points with Frosinone, but achieving automatic promotion due to a better head-to-head record, thus making a comeback to the top flight for the next season in 2018–19 Serie A just three seasons after their bankruptcy relegation to Serie D.[44]

On 23 July 2018, Parma were handed a 5 point deduction for the 2018–19 Serie A season, following text messages from Parma player Emanuele Calaio "eliciting a reduced effort" from two players of Spezia (Filippo De Col and Claudio Terzi) during the 2017–18 season, a match Parma won 2–0 to secure promotion.[45] On 9 August, Parma had the 5-point deduction expunged.[46] In the club's first season back in Serie A, they managed to achieve a 14th placed finish on the table, three points above the relegation zone.[47]

For the 2019–20 Serie A season, Parma finished in 11th place with 49 points. Dejan Kulusevski, playing for Parma on loan from Atalanta, won the Best Young Player in Serie A award.[48]

Ahead of the 2020–21 Serie A season, manager Roberto D'Aversa was sacked on 23 August 2020 and replaced by Fabio Liverani.[49] Liverani would only last until 7 January 2021, himself being replaced by his predecessor D'Aversa. Parma finished the season in bottom place, managing just three wins from 38 games and were relegated to Serie B. In September 2020, Parma was purchased by American Kyle Krause.[50]

Enzo Maresca was appointed as the new head coach for the 2021–22 Serie B season.[51] Maresca was sacked on 23 November 2021[52] and replaced by Giuseppe Iachini the same day.[53] Parma finished the season in 12th place. Argentinian attacher Franco Vázquez was the joint second highest scorer in the league with 14 goals. Fabio Pecchia took over as coach for the 2022–23 Serie B season.[54]

Colours and badge Edit

Originally, the club wore yellow and blue chequered shirts in honour of the city's traditional colours, which date back to 1545 when the Duchy of Parma was established,[55] but white shirts with a black cross on the chest were introduced after the First World War, drawing inspiration from Juventus' colours, following a name change.[5] White continued to be worn as the main colour of the home kits for much of the remainder of the century, although often complemented with yellow, blue or both, rather than black. The club did, however, experiment in the 1950s with blue shirts and blue and yellow striped shirts. The cross shirts were restored and worn until bankruptcy in 1968, when white shirts with off-centre blue and yellow vertical bands were worn, but the cross returned from 1970 until 1983 when a yellow and blue-sleeved white shirt was introduced and used for 8 years.

After decades in the lower divisions, Parma was promoted to Serie A in 1990, where the side immediately became a major force in the battle for major trophies, on many notable occasions in direct opposition to Juventus, who would become fierce rivals of Parma's. This rivalry and the influence of Parmalat led to the demotion of the white shirts to the away kit, so the side wore yellow and blue hooped shirts at home for six seasons between 1998 and 2004, and navy blue shirts often worn as third choice in this period. This was a time of great success for the club, thus the shirts became synonymous with Parma, often still called the Gialloblù (Yellow and Blues) today, despite a recent reversion to the traditional white shirts emblazoned with a cross caused by parent company Parmalat's collapse and the clubs subsequent re-foundation as Parma Football Club. Yellow and blue were Parma's traditional change colours, used in various combinations from 2004 to 2015, such as vertical stripes, hoops, crosses or as solid colour designs.[56]

Parma's logo changed in 2005 to reflect the name change from Parma A.C. to Parma F.C., but the logo otherwise remained the same, encompassing the city colours of yellow and blue and the club's traditional black cross set on a white background, and has not changed much in years, although it was dramatically overhauled to feature a prancing bull for one season in 2000–01 before it was criticised and discontinued in favour of the old badge. A new badge with broadly similar features was introduced for the 2014–15 season following the use of a commemorative centenary badge for the 2013–14 campaign.[57] The newly formed club in 2015 adopted a new logo before acquiring the rights to a number of legacy items for €250,000 a year later.[58]

  •  

    Parma F.C.'s crest until 2012

  •  

    Parma F.C. logo, 2014–15

  •  

    S.S.D. Parma Calcio 1913 badge, 2015–16

Grounds Edit

Main articles: Stadio Ennio Tardini and Centro Sportivo di Collecchio
 
Stadio Ennio Tardini, Parma's home stadium

Parma initially had no permanent home and used the Piazza d'Armi, where two wooden posts constituted the frame of each goal. In December 1914, the club began to use land between the Via Emilia, the Eridania refinery and the Ferraguti factory, but it was sold, so the club returned to the Piazza d'Armi before transferring to the Tre Pioppi, the first fenced-off pitch in the city.[59] Parma moved into the Stadio Ennio Tardini in 1923 and remains there today, although the stadium saw drastic change from the vision of Ennio Tardini, under whose auspices the stadium was to be built, but who died before completion of the venue.[60][61] Much of the renovation took place after the club's first promotion to Serie A at the start of the 1990s.[6]

Since 1996, the first team has trained and played friendly matches at the Centro Sportivo di Collecchio in Collecchio, which is located 15 kilometres to the south-west of the stadium. Parma's youth teams also play their home matches in the same complex. Until 2015, younger youth teams trained at Campi Stuard but now train at Collechio.[60] In 2018, the refounded Parma Calcio 1913 acquired the centre from the administrator of Eventi Sportivi S.p.A., the parent company of Parma F.C., and the former owner of the centre, for about €3 million.[62][63]

Support Edit

 
The coat of arms of the House of Farnese – creators of the Duchy of Parma – whose colours are the inspiration for many of the club's kits

The supporters of Parma are seen as placid fans.[64] Traditionally, they have been seen as fans who enjoy the spectacle of football and are less partisan, although they have been more characterised by impatience of late.[8] The supporters were praised for their loyalty after the club sold more season tickets in 2015 when playing in Serie D than the previous year in Serie A following bankruptcy.[36] In Northeast Italy, the team is the fifth best supported, behind Inter Milan, Juventus, Milan and Bologna, the first three of which are not based in that region.[65] They are represented by three main groups: il Centro di Coordinamento dei Parma Club (which represents most of the fanbase), l'Associazione Petitot and the club's ultras, Boys Parma, which was established on 3 August 1977 by young fans wanting to split from the Centro di Coordinamento and to encourage meetings with opposition fans.[66] The Boys Parma occupy the northern end of the home stadium, La Curva Nord, directly opposite to where the away fans sit in the south stand.[61] In 2008, the Curva Nord was renamed in honour of Boys Parma 1977 member Matteo Bagnaresi, who died when he was run over on the way to the Tardini by a coach which was carrying the opposition Juventus fans.[67] In a not uncommon practice, the number 12 shirt has been reserved for the Parma fans, meaning no player is registered to play with that number on his kit for the club. The implication is that the supporters, particularly those of the famous Curva Nord, are the twelfth man. The last player to be registered with the number was Gabriele Giroli for the 2002–03 season. Parma's club anthem is Il grido di battaglia, which means "The Battle Cry".[68]

Rivalries Edit

Main articles: Derby dell'Enza and Derby dell'Emilia

Parma maintains rivalries with regional and national clubs; some of these are keenly fought local derbies. Derby dell'Enza[nb 1] opponents Reggiana are the club's bitterest rivals. The ill-feeling with Reggiana comes from a traditional city rivalry between Parma and Reggio Emilia. Parma contests the Derby dell'Emilia[nb 2] with Bologna.[69][70] Bologna and Parma are Emilia-Romagna's two most decorated clubs, winning the region's only domestic titles: 7 Serie A titles and 5 Coppe Italia. Two other local derbies are the Derby dei Ducati,[nb 3] which is contested with neighbours Modena, and the Derby del Ducato,[nb 4] which is played against Piacenza.[70] Despite their relative obscurity, Lombardian side Cremonese and Tuscan outfit Carrarese, to Parma's north and south, respectively, are both seen as rivals too.

Juventus is considered a great rival of Parma largely due to their recent duels, which include Parma's 1995 UEFA Cup victory, its first and third Coppa Italia triumphs, Supercoppa Italiana defeats in 1995 and 2002, and its 1995 domestic cup final defeat to The Old Lady.[71][72][73] These six matches comprise nearly half of the fourteen major finals Parma has participated in. Ironically, Parma's colours have their origins in those Juventus wears, and the switch from white and black to a yellow and blue home kit in the late 1990s took place in order to distance and distinguish Parma from Juventus. Parma maintain keenly fought rivalries with Vicenza and Genoa.

In Italy, it is common for clubs to be twinned in an arrangement called gemellaggi. This is a practice uncommon elsewhere.[74] Parma enjoy amicable relations with Empoli in an arrangement that dates back to a game played in foggy conditions in 1984 that ended in the Parma fans congratulating those of Empoli on its win when the full-time whistle was blown without the Azzurri fans' knowledge.[75][76] Perhaps a more current bond is felt towards the fans of Sampdoria.[77][78]

Ownership and finances Edit

In 1991, the club was bought by multinational Italian dairy and food corporation Parmalat. This was the platform for success on the pitch but the club eventually succumbed to administration in 2004 due to Parmalat's massive bankruptcy with debts of $20 billion and fraudulent activity at Parmalat worth over €10 billion and a €167 million net loss by the club in 2003.[16][18][35][79][80] On 24 January 2007, engineering entrepreneur Tommaso Ghirardi bought the club after three years of administration for $39 million and incorporated Eventi Sportivi as a holding company owning 100% of the club's shares of €20 million nominal value.[22] Eventi Sportivi Srl (later S.p.A.), at first had a share capital of just €3 million, with Banca Monte Parma, owned 10% of the shares as minority.[81] By 21 January 2009, Ghirardi's ownership of Eventi Sportivi was 75% with Banca Monte Parma holding 10% and Marco Ferrari, former vice-president Diego Penocchio and Penocchio's company Brixia Incipit each owning 5%.[82] In July 2011, Ghirardi sold to both Alberto Rossi and Alberto Volpi 5% each of Eventi Sportivi.[83] On 29 February 2014, Energy T.I. Group bought 10% of the shares in the club from Eventi Sportivi.[84]

 
Parma-born motorsport businessman Giampaolo Dallara was a founding investor in S.S.D. Parma Calcio 1913.

On 19 December 2014 and as a result of a ruling which barred the club from a first European campaign under Tommaso Ghirardi, Ghirardi sold his 66.55% controlling stake in Eventi Sportivi to Dastraso Holding Ltd, a company based in Cyprus and controlled by Rezart Taçi for €1, at which point the club was $200 million in debt.[35][85][86] The club became the third Serie A club to become foreign-owned as a result and Albanian Emir Kodra was installed as president.[87][88]

In February 2015, Taci sold his stake to Giampietro Manenti for the price he bought it, €1, less than two months after buying it, at which point salaries at the financially stricken club had not been paid since the previous summer.[35][89][90][91][92][93] With Parma bottom of Serie A, Manenti was arrested in March 2015 on allegations of money laundering and his involvement in a credit card fraud ring, imperilling the already precarious situation as the club was plunged further into debt.[35][94]

On 19 March 2015, the club was declared bankrupt with a total liabilities of €218 million (including unpaid wages of €63 million).[34][95] On 22 April 2015, the intermediate holding company of Parma, Eventi Sportivi SpA, was also declared bankruptcy by the Tribunal of Parma.[96] The club was then declared legally bankrupt on 22 June 2015 after no new investors willing to refurbish €22.6 million debt in order to trigger Comma 3 of Article 52 of N.O.I.F. to allow the club to remain in Serie B.[97][98] Other debts of the club were either waived by the footballers or settled by the administrator. New investor was not required to repay the subordinated debt and bank debt of the old company. The medals of Parma, which was owned by the company, as well as Centro Sportivo di Collecchio which was owned by its holding company Eventi Sportivi, were under auction after the bankruptcy.[99]

The phoenix club S.S.D. Parma Calcio 1913 S.r.L. was incorporated in 2015 under the ownership of Nuovo Inizio SrL with share capital of €250,000. Nuovo Inizio was owned by a number of backers including representatives of Parmalat and local businessmen Guido Barilla (co-owner of Barilla Group), Paolo Pizzarotti (president of Impresa Pizzarotti), Mauro Del Rio and Giampaolo Dallara.[35][100][101] The new owners sought to overhaul the core philosophy of Italian club ownership and formed Parma Partecipazioni Calcistiche SrL to act as a vehicle for fan ownership, so issued a further €89,286 of shares to that company. Fans therefore own approximately 25% of the club at a cost of €500 per share.[102]

In June 2017, Chinese businessman Jiang Lizhang's Desports group acquired a 60% majority stake in the club. The seven local businessman who launched the club in 2015 retained 30% of the club, while the remaining 10% remained in the hands of fans through Parma Partecipazione Calcistiche.[36][103][104] At the end of October 2018 the local Nuovo Inizio group regained control of the club reacquiring 60% of the shares, with the Chinese partners forced to downsize to 30% in light of alleged lack of diligence in meeting their obligations, while 10% remained unchanged in the public company Partecipazioni Calcistiche. On 9 November Parma Calcio held a shareholders' Meeting to appoint a new board of directors, at the end of which Pietro Pizzarotti, at the time vice-president, was appointed the new president of the club.[105][106]

In 2020, Parma were purchased by the Krause Group, owners of American-based convenience store chain Kum & Go.[107]

Since 2013 the main sponsor is Cetilar by Pharmanutra.[108]

Players Edit

Current squad Edit

As of 3 September 2023[109]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Others players under contract Edit

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— GK   ITA Francesco Borriello
— MF   FRA Wylan Cyprien
No. Pos. Nation Player
— FW   ITA Roberto Inglese
— FW   ITA Paolo Napoletano

Out on loan Edit

As of 6 September 2023

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— GK   ITA Filippo Rinaldi (at Olbia until 30 June 2024)
— DF   BEL Elias Cobbaut (at Mechelen until 30 June 2024)
— DF   ITA Giovanni Vaglica (at Trento until 30 June 2024)
— MF   FRA Nathan Buayi-Kiala (at Auxerre until 30 June 2024)
— MF   CRO Stanko Jurić (at Valladolid until 30 June 2024)
— MF   ITA Stefano Palmucci (at Fermana until 30 June 2024)
No. Pos. Nation Player
— MF   ITA Fabian Pavone (at Turris until 30 June 2024)
— FW   ITA Daniele Iacoponi (at Rimini until 30 June 2024)
— FW   ITA Eric Lanini (at Reggiana until 30 June 2024)
— FW   LVA Dario Šits (at SPAL until 30 June 2024)
— FW   ITA Gennaro Tutino (at Cosenza until 30 June 2024)

Retired numbers Edit

See also: Retired numbers in football

6 – The club announced the retirement of the shirt number worn by club's captain Alessandro Lucarelli after his retirement announcement. Lucarelli holds the record for league appearances for the club and stayed with the club from its 2015 relegation from Serie A to Serie D following bankruptcy and through its three straight promotions back to Serie A between 2015 and 2018.[110]

12 – From the 2002–03 season until the present (with the exception of the 2015–16 season in Serie D, where league rules required that the number be assigned to a substitute), Curva Nord of the Stadio Ennio Tardini, as a sign of recognition towards the fans who sit in the Curva Nord, considered the 12th man on the pitch.[111]

Academy Edit

For information on Parma's youth teams, see Parma Calcio 1913 Youth Sector.

Below the first team, the club runs six teams at youth level, as well as a ladies' team.[112]

Former players Edit

For details of former players, see List of Parma Calcio 1913 players and Category:Parma Calcio 1913 players.

Club captains Edit

For a list of club captains, see List of Parma Calcio 1913 players § Club captains.

Player records Edit

For player records, including player awards, see List of Parma Calcio 1913 statistics and records § Players.

Club officials Edit

Owner

  • Kyle Krause
Club management[113]
  • President: Kyle Krause
Coaching staff

Chairmen history Edit

Parma has had numerous chairmen over the course of its history; here is a complete list of them:[114]

 
Name Years
Violi, Porcelli and Spaggiari 1913–14
Carlo Melli and Alberto Poletti 1914–15
Ing. Tedeschi 1919–20
Conte L. Lusignani 1920–21
Ennio Tardini 1921–23
Gabbi 1923–24
Giuseppe Muggia and Amoretti 1924–25
Aldo Ortali 1925–26
Giovanni Canali 1926–28
Emilio Grossi 1928–29
Giuseppe Amoretti 1929–30
Cesare Minelli 1930–35
Emilio Grossi 1935–36
Filippo Bonati 1936–37
Nino Medioli 1937–38
Medardo Ghini 1938–40
Giuseppe Scotti 1940–43
Giorgio Zanichelli 1945–46
Raimondo Bortesi 1946–47
Amerigo Ghirardi 1947–48
Bruno Avanzini 1948–51
Bonifazio Lupi di Soragna 1951–53
Umberto Agnetti, Del Frate, Campanini and Viani 1953–54
Fabrizio Cartolari 1954–58
 
Name Years
Giuseppe Agnetti 1958–65
Walter Molinari 1965–66
Gino Camorali 1966–67
Vittorio Blarzino 1967–68
Zanichelli and Pizzighoni 1968–69
Ermes Foglia 1969–73
Arnaldo Musini 1973–76
Ernesto Ceresini 1976–90
Fulvio Ceresini 1990
Giorgio Pedraneschi 1990–96
Stefano Tanzi 1996–04
Enrico Bondi 2004
Guido Angiolini 2004–06
Enrico Bondi 2006–07
Tommaso Ghirardi 2007–2014
Pietro Doca 2014[115]
Fabio Giordano 2014–15[115][116]
Ermir Kodra 2015[116][88]
Giampietro Manenti 2015[116][117]
Nevio Scala 2015–2016[100]
Jiang Lizhang 2017–2018
Pietro Pizzarotti 2018–2020
Kyle J.Krause 2020–present

Managerial history Edit

Main article: List of Parma F.C. managers

Below is a list of Parma managers since the end of the First World War until the present day.[114]

 
Name Nationality Years
Violi,
Porcelli,
Spaggiari 		 
 
  		1919–20
Percy Humphrey   1920–21
Adolf Riebe   1921–23
Guido Ara   1923–24
Gabbi,
Forlivesi 		 
  		1924–25
Carlo Achatzi   1925–26
Ghini,
Stuardt 		 
  		1926–27
Emilio Grossi   1927–28
Raoul Violi   1928–29
Emilio Grossi   1929–30
Armand Halmos   1930–31
Emilio Grossi   1931–32
Crotti   1932–33
Tito Mistrali   1933–36
Alfredo Mattioli   1936–37
Elvio Banchero   1937–38
Pál Szalaj   1938–39
József Wereb   1939–40
Sam Trevors   1940–42
Italo Defendi   1942–43
Giuseppe Carlo Ferrari   1945–46
Renato Cattaneo,
Lombatti,
Frione,
Mistrali 		 
 
 
  		1946–47
Bruno Dentelli,
Giovanni Mazzoni,
Dietrich,
Tagliani 		 
 
 
  		1947–48
Renato Cattaneo,
Giuberti,
Mistrali,
Giuseppe Carlo Ferrari,
Lombatti,
Carlo Rigotti 		 
 
 
 
 
  		1948–49
 
Name Nationality Years
Carlo Rigotti   1949–50
Giovanni Mazzoni,
Boni,
Mattioli 		 
 
  		1950–51
Paolo Tabanelli   1951–53
Carlo Alberto Quario   1953–54
Ivo Fiorentini   1954–56
Oliveri,
Giuberti 		 
  		1956–57
Čestmír Vycpálek   1956–58
Guido Mazetti   1958–60
Mario Genta   1960–62
Canforini   1962–63
Diotallevi,
Arnaldo Sentimenti 		 
  		1963–64
Oliveri,
Giuberti 		 
  		1956–57
Bruno Arcari   1964–65
Ivano Corghi   1965–66
Dante Boni   1965–67
Giancarlo Vitali   1967–68
Dante Boni   1968–69
Giancarlo Vitali   1969–70
Stefano Angeleri   1970–72
Antonio Soncini   1972
Giorgio Sereni   1973–74
Renato Gei   1974–75
Giovanni Meregalli   1975–76
Tito Corsi   1976–77
Bruno Mora   1977
Gianni Corelli,
Giorgio Visconti 		 
  		1977–78
Graziano Landoni   1978
Cesare Maldini   1978–80
Domenico Rosati   1980–81
Giorgio Sereni   1981
Giancarlo Danova   1981–83
 
Name Nationality Years
Bruno Mora   1983
Marino Perani   1983–85
Silvano Flaborea   1985
Pietro Carmignani   1985
Arrigo Sacchi   1985–87
Zdeněk Zeman   1987
Giampiero Vitali   1987–89
Nevio Scala   1989–96
Carlo Ancelotti   1996–98
Alberto Malesani   1998–01
Arrigo Sacchi   2001
Renzo Ulivieri   2001
Daniel Passarella   2001
Pietro Carmignani   2001–02
Cesare Prandelli   2002–04
Silvio Baldini   2004–05
Pietro Carmignani   2005
Mario Beretta   2005–06
Stefano Pioli   2006–07
Claudio Ranieri   2007
Domenico Di Carlo   2007–08
Héctor Cúper   2008
Andrea Manzo   2008
Luigi Cagni   2008
Francesco Guidolin   2008–10
Pasquale Marino   2010–11
Franco Colomba   2011–12
Roberto Donadoni   2012–15
Luigi Apolloni   2015–16
Roberto D'Aversa   2016–20
Fabio Liverani   2020–21
Roberto D'Aversa   2021
Enzo Maresca   2021
Giuseppe Iachini   2021–2022
Fabio Pecchia   2022–

Honours Edit

Parma has won eight major titles in its history, all coming in a period of ten years between 1992 and 2002.[118] These honours make it the eleventh most successful team in Italian football history in terms of the number of major trophies won, the fourth most successful Italian team in European competitions (after A.C. Milan, Juventus and Inter Milan), and one of thirteen Italian clubs to have won multiple major titles.


National Edit

European Edit

Main article: Parma Calcio 1913 in European football




Updated 10/5/23

Divisional movements Edit

Series Years Last Promotions Relegations
A 27 2020–21 -   3 (2008, 2015✟, 2021)
B 28 2021–22   3 (1990, 2009, 2018)   6 (1932, 1949, 1965, 1975, 1980, 1985)
C 30 2016–17   7 (1946, 1954, 1973, 1979, 1984, 1986, 2017)   1 (1966)
85 out of 90 years of professional football in Italy since 1929
D 5 2015–16   2 (1970, 2016) never

Notes Edit

  1. ^ Derby dell'Enza translates to Enza Derby. The River Enza is an affluence of Italy's longest river, the Po, and forms the boundary of the provinces of Parma and Reggio Emilia.
  2. ^ Derby d'Emilia would be translated to Emilia Derby. Emilia is a region that approximately corresponds to the western and north-eastern portions of today's Emilia-Romagna. The region takes its name from the Via Aemilia, a Roman road in 187 BCE.
  3. ^ Derby dei Ducati means Derby of the Duchies, the duchies in question being those of Modena and Reggio and Parma. These territories were competing and neighbouring duchies during the Renaissance.
  4. ^ Derby del Ducato is the Italian equivalent of Derby of the Duchy. The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 and became the unified Duchies of Parma and Piacenza in 1556.
  5. ^ At the time, this was one of 3 parallel regional third tier divisions.
  6. ^ a b At the time, this was one of 2 parallel regional third tier divisions.
  7. ^ At the time, this was one of 9 parallel regional fourth tier divisions.

Footnotes Edit

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Bibliography Edit

  • Bellè, Gianfranco; Gandolfi, Giorgio (2003). 90 anni del Parma calcio 1913–2003 [90 Years of Parma Football 1913–2003] (in Italian). Parma: Azzali Editore.
  • Dunford, Martin (1 March 2011). The Rough Guide to Italy (10th ed.). Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-84836-717-3. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  • Giulianotti, Richard (16 August 1999). Football: a sociology of the global game. Polity Press. ISBN 978-0-333-94612-1. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
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  • Sappino, Marco (2000). Dizionario del calcio italiano [Dictionary of Italian football] (in Italian). Vol. 2. Baldini & Castoldi. ISBN 978-88-8089-862-7. Retrieved 23 February 2012.[permanent dead link]

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to SSD Parma Calcio 1913.

October 23, 2023
parma, calcio, 1913, italian, pronunciation, ˈparma, commonly, known, parma, italian, professional, football, club, based, parma, emilia, romagna, which, competes, serie, second, tier, italian, football, parmafull, name, nickname, crociati, crusaders, giallobl. Parma Calcio 1913 Italian pronunciation ˈparma commonly known as Parma is an Italian professional football club based in Parma Emilia Romagna which competes in the Serie B the second tier of Italian football ParmaFull nameParma Calcio 1913 S r l Nickname s I Crociati The Crusaders I Gialloblu The Yellow and Blues I Ducali The Duchy Men Gli Emiliani The Emilians StadiumStadio Ennio TardiniCapacity27 906PresidentKyle KrauseManagerFabio PecchiaLeagueSerie B2022 23Serie B 4th of 20WebsiteClub websiteHome coloursAway coloursThird coloursCurrent seasonParma Football Club was originally founded in December 1913 while the current society dates back to 2015 The team has been playing its home matches in the 27 906 seat Stadio Ennio Tardini often referred to as simply Il Tardini since 1923 Financed by Calisto Tanzi the club won eight trophies between 1992 and 2002 a period in which it achieved its best ever league finish as runners up in the 1996 97 season The club has won three Coppa Italia one Supercoppa Italiana two UEFA Cups one European Super Cup and one UEFA Cup Winners Cup 1 2 Financial troubles were brought about in late 2003 by the Parmalat scandal which caused the parent company to collapse and resulted in the club operating in controlled administration until January 2007 The club was declared bankrupt in 2015 and refounded in the Serie D but secured a record three straight promotions to return to the top flight in 2018 The performance of Parma in the Italian football league structure since the first season of a unified Serie A 1929 30 Contents 1 History 1 1 Early years 1913 1968 1 2 Rebirth and improvement 1968 1989 1 3 Success and insolvency 1989 2004 1 4 Rebirth and another bankruptcy 2004 2015 1 5 Another rebirth 2015 present 2 Colours and badge 3 Grounds 4 Support 4 1 Rivalries 5 Ownership and finances 6 Players 6 1 Current squad 6 2 Others players under contract 6 3 Out on loan 6 4 Retired numbers 6 5 Academy 6 6 Former players 6 7 Club captains 6 8 Player records 7 Club officials 7 1 Chairmen history 7 2 Managerial history 8 Honours 8 1 National 8 2 European 9 Divisional movements 10 Notes 11 Footnotes 12 Bibliography 13 External linksHistory EditMain article History of Parma Calcio 1913 Early years 1913 1968 Edit nbsp nbsp Parmaclass notpageimage Location of Parma in Italy The club was founded in July 1913 as Verdi Foot Ball Club in honour of the centenary of famous opera composer Giuseppe Verdi who was born in the province of Parma It adopted yellow and blue as its colours 3 4 In December of the same year Parma Foot Ball Club was formed from many of the original club s players and began wearing white shirts emblazoned with a black cross 5 Parma began playing league football during the 1919 20 season after the end of World War I Construction of a stadium the Stadio Ennio Tardini began two years later 6 Parma became a founder member of Serie B after finishing as runners up in the Prima Divisione in the 1928 29 season The club would remain in Serie B for three years before being relegated and changing its name to Associazione Sportiva Parma in 1930 4 In the 1935 36 season Parma became a founding member of Serie C where the club stayed until winning promotion back to Serie B in 1943 Italian football was then brought to a halt as the Second World War intensified although the team did make an appearance in the Campianto Alta Italia in 1944 nbsp 1956 57 Parma in Gialloblu shirtFollowing the restart of organised football Parma spent three years in Serie B then split into two regional divisions before again being relegated in 1948 49 to Serie C The side would spend another five seasons in Serie C before an eleven year spell in Serie B that included the achievement of ninth position in 1954 55 a club record at that time 7 This was an era in which the club s players generally held down other jobs or were still in education and when the town s amateur rugby union and volleyball sides Rugby Parma F C 1931 and Ferrovieri Parma proved more popular among the more privileged 8 Parma made its debut in European competition during the 1960 61 season defeating Swiss side AC Bellinzona in the Coppa delle Alpi but relegation to Serie C followed in 1964 65 season Parma spent just one season in Serie C before a second successive relegation this time to Serie D in 1966 Rebirth and improvement 1968 1989 Edit The club was in turmoil and was ordered into liquidation by the Court of Parma in 1968 changing its name to Parma Football Club that year In 1969 another local team Associazione Calcio Parmense won promotion to Serie D On 1 January 1970 A C Parmense adopted the sporting licence of the liquidated club which had been formed in 1913 This meant that it had the right to use the Crociata shirts the badge and the city s name 3 4 7 This brought about a change of luck in both financial and sporting terms as the side was crowned Serie D champions and spent three years in Serie C before promotion to Serie B however it was a short stay The team was relegated back to Serie C in its second season in the division A return to Serie B did not materialise until the end of the 1970s and the club again lasted only one season in the second division of Italian football nbsp 1973 74 Parma in its classic Crociata shirtUnder the management of Cesare Maldini Parma once again returned to Serie B after winning its division in 1984 with victory on the final day over Sanremo Juventus bound Stefano Pioli scored the only goal of the game The Ducali again only spent a year in Serie B finishing third from bottom and succumbing to relegation as a consequence Arrigo Sacchi did however manage to return the club to Serie B in 1986 after a single season in the third tier The side enjoyed good success that season in missing out on promotion to Italy s top tier by just three points and eliminating A C Milan from the Coppa Italia a result that convinced owner Silvio Berlusconi to hire Sacchi as the new manager of the Rossoneri Sacchi s replacement Zdenek Zeman was fired after just seven matches and replaced by Giampieri Vitali who secured two consecutive mid table finishes Success and insolvency 1989 2004 Edit Nevio Scala was appointed as head coach in 1989 7 Scala s Parma secured a historic promotion in 1990 to Serie A with a 2 0 Derby dell Enza win over Reggiana 9 Investment from parent company Parmalat helped to improve the team s fortunes and the club made its debut in UEFA competition in 1991 3 9 10 11 Scala led the club to its first four major honours The first of these was the Coppa Italia in 1991 92 beating Juventus 2 1 over two legs The following year came the first international triumph in a 3 1 victory in the Cup Winners Cup over Belgian side Antwerp at Wembley 9 12 The next season the side was successful in the European Super Cup overcoming Milan 2 1 on aggregate but lost the Cup Winners Cup final 1 0 to Arsenal 9 Scala s final success with Parma was in another two legged final against Juventus Dino Baggio scored twice to give Parma a 2 1 aggregate win but Juventus exacted revenge in the Coppa Italia final Replaced by Carlo Ancelotti Scala departed in 1996 and was a popular coach for the trophies he won and because the team played attractive football in the tradition of the club 8 nbsp Nevio Scala trained the squad between 1989 and 1996 taking it from second division to European triumphs Ancelotti overhauled the team and guided it to a record second place in 1997 9 13 14 Parma consequently made its debut in the UEFA Champions League the following year Alberto Malesani was installed as coach in 1998 and the club completed a rare cup double in his first season winning the Coppa Italia final against Fiorentina on the away goals rule and the UEFA Cup against Marseille at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow with a 3 0 victory before 1999 Supercoppa Italiana victory over league champions Milan followed in August 1999 In 2000 Hernan Crespo was sold to Lazio for a world record transfer fee and Malesani departed Under replacement Renzo Ulivieri the club lost the Coppa Italia final to Fiorentina Under Pietro Carmignani in 2002 Parma won the third Coppa Italia trophy against Juventus but would slip to defeat in the 2002 Supercoppa Italiana and finished outside the top six for the first time since promotion in 1990 This success earned it a tag as one of the Seven Sisters 15 16 In April 2004 the club was declared insolvent following the financial meltdown of Parmalat and the club remained in special administration for three years 17 18 19 Rebirth and another bankruptcy 2004 2015 Edit The club re formed as Parma Football Club SpA in June 2004 20 as a subsidiary of being liquidated Parma AC SpA and the 2004 05 season saw Parma plummet to its lowest finish in Serie A despite a second consecutive 23 goal haul from Gilardino who was then sold for 25 million 21 as managers came and went 15 Parma ended the following season its first without European competition since 1991 in tenth but returned in 2006 after the Calciopoli scandal nbsp Hernan Crespo represented the club in two spells 1996 2000 and 2010 2012 winning three trophies and becoming the club s all time record goalscorer On 24 January 2007 Tommaso Ghirardi bought the club out of administration and became the owner and president of the club 22 Manager Claudio Ranieri helped the team avoid relegation to Serie B on the final day of the 2006 07 season following his February appointment 23 24 However under a succession of managers Parma s battle with relegation the following year was not successful consigning the club to Serie B after 18 years in the top flight 4 25 Francesco Guidolin won promotion back to Serie A at the first attempt with a second place finish and led the side to eighth on its return to Serie A in 2009 10 narrowly missing out on qualification for the UEFA Europa League before leaving for Udinese In May 2010 Guidolin swapped jobs with Pasquale Marino who was sacked by Ghirardi in April 2011 when Parma was caught in another relegation dogfight 26 27 28 Under Marino s replacement Franco Colomba Parma escaped the threat of relegation with two games to spare 29 In January 2012 Colomba was replaced by Roberto Donadoni following a winless run that culminated in a 5 0 loss to Inter Milan and the new coach led the team to eighth position in a Serie A club record seven match winning run 30 31 In 2014 Donadoni guided Parma to sixth in Serie A and a third consecutive top ten finish but a return to Europe in the Europa League for the first time since 2007 was barred due to the late payment of income tax on salaries not qualifying for a UEFA license for which the club would also be docked points during the 2014 15 Serie A season 32 33 Financial troubles precipitated a succession of ownership changes and the club s eventual bankruptcy in March 2015 with total liabilities of 218 million including 63m unpaid salaries 34 35 36 The club was allowed to finish the season but finished bottom of the league in 20th place Administrators Angelo Anedda and Alberto Guiotto were forced to put some trophies to sell in an auction in a desperate attempt to raise money to cover the debt These included three Coppa Italia won in 1992 1999 and 2002 the UEFA Cup Winners Cup from 1993 the 1994 UEFA Super Cup two UEFA Cup of 1995 and 1999 and the 1999 Supercoppa Italiana 37 Another rebirth 2015 present Edit nbsp Parma awarded at the city hall for its 3rd in a row promotion between 2015 and 2018 which brought the club back from Serie D to Serie AThe re founded club S S D Parma Calcio 1913 was formed in July 2015 taking its name from the year of foundation of the predecessor club and securing a place in the 2015 16 Serie D under article 52 of N O I F as the representative of Parma 38 Ex head coach Nevio Scala was appointed as president and former player Luigi Apolloni was chosen as head coach 39 In the club s first season it sold over 9 000 season tickets more than doubling the Serie D record 40 Parma achieved promotion from Serie D into professional football league Lega Pro with three games to spare following a 2 1 win against Delta Rovigo ending the season in first place with 94 points from 38 games and an unbeaten run of 28 victories and 10 draws 41 42 Parma ended the 2016 17 Lega Pro season in second place of Group B but were promoted to Serie B after a 2 0 win over Alessandria in the promotion play off final 43 On 18 May 2018 Parma achieved a third promotion in three seasons becoming the first Italian football club to achieve this having finished the 2017 18 Serie B season second behind champions Empoli and level on points with Frosinone but achieving automatic promotion due to a better head to head record thus making a comeback to the top flight for the next season in 2018 19 Serie A just three seasons after their bankruptcy relegation to Serie D 44 On 23 July 2018 Parma were handed a 5 point deduction for the 2018 19 Serie A season following text messages from Parma player Emanuele Calaio eliciting a reduced effort from two players of Spezia Filippo De Col and Claudio Terzi during the 2017 18 season a match Parma won 2 0 to secure promotion 45 On 9 August Parma had the 5 point deduction expunged 46 In the club s first season back in Serie A they managed to achieve a 14th placed finish on the table three points above the relegation zone 47 For the 2019 20 Serie A season Parma finished in 11th place with 49 points Dejan Kulusevski playing for Parma on loan from Atalanta won the Best Young Player in Serie A award 48 Ahead of the 2020 21 Serie A season manager Roberto D Aversa was sacked on 23 August 2020 and replaced by Fabio Liverani 49 Liverani would only last until 7 January 2021 himself being replaced by his predecessor D Aversa Parma finished the season in bottom place managing just three wins from 38 games and were relegated to Serie B In September 2020 Parma was purchased by American Kyle Krause 50 Enzo Maresca was appointed as the new head coach for the 2021 22 Serie B season 51 Maresca was sacked on 23 November 2021 52 and replaced by Giuseppe Iachini the same day 53 Parma finished the season in 12th place Argentinian attacher Franco Vazquez was the joint second highest scorer in the league with 14 goals Fabio Pecchia took over as coach for the 2022 23 Serie B season 54 Colours and badge EditOriginally the club wore yellow and blue chequered shirts in honour of the city s traditional colours which date back to 1545 when the Duchy of Parma was established 55 but white shirts with a black cross on the chest were introduced after the First World War drawing inspiration from Juventus colours following a name change 5 White continued to be worn as the main colour of the home kits for much of the remainder of the century although often complemented with yellow blue or both rather than black The club did however experiment in the 1950s with blue shirts and blue and yellow striped shirts The cross shirts were restored and worn until bankruptcy in 1968 when white shirts with off centre blue and yellow vertical bands were worn but the cross returned from 1970 until 1983 when a yellow and blue sleeved white shirt was introduced and used for 8 years After decades in the lower divisions Parma was promoted to Serie A in 1990 where the side immediately became a major force in the battle for major trophies on many notable occasions in direct opposition to Juventus who would become fierce rivals of Parma s This rivalry and the influence of Parmalat led to the demotion of the white shirts to the away kit so the side wore yellow and blue hooped shirts at home for six seasons between 1998 and 2004 and navy blue shirts often worn as third choice in this period This was a time of great success for the club thus the shirts became synonymous with Parma often still called the Gialloblu Yellow and Blues today despite a recent reversion to the traditional white shirts emblazoned with a cross caused by parent company Parmalat s collapse and the clubs subsequent re foundation as Parma Football Club Yellow and blue were Parma s traditional change colours used in various combinations from 2004 to 2015 such as vertical stripes hoops crosses or as solid colour designs 56 Parma s logo changed in 2005 to reflect the name change from Parma A C to Parma F C but the logo otherwise remained the same encompassing the city colours of yellow and blue and the club s traditional black cross set on a white background and has not changed much in years although it was dramatically overhauled to feature a prancing bull for one season in 2000 01 before it was criticised and discontinued in favour of the old badge A new badge with broadly similar features was introduced for the 2014 15 season following the use of a commemorative centenary badge for the 2013 14 campaign 57 The newly formed club in 2015 adopted a new logo before acquiring the rights to a number of legacy items for 250 000 a year later 58 nbsp Parma F C s crest until 2012 nbsp Parma F C logo 2014 15 nbsp S S D Parma Calcio 1913 badge 2015 16Grounds EditMain articles Stadio Ennio Tardini and Centro Sportivo di Collecchio nbsp Stadio Ennio Tardini Parma s home stadiumParma initially had no permanent home and used the Piazza d Armi where two wooden posts constituted the frame of each goal In December 1914 the club began to use land between the Via Emilia the Eridania refinery and the Ferraguti factory but it was sold so the club returned to the Piazza d Armi before transferring to the Tre Pioppi the first fenced off pitch in the city 59 Parma moved into the Stadio Ennio Tardini in 1923 and remains there today although the stadium saw drastic change from the vision of Ennio Tardini under whose auspices the stadium was to be built but who died before completion of the venue 60 61 Much of the renovation took place after the club s first promotion to Serie A at the start of the 1990s 6 Since 1996 the first team has trained and played friendly matches at the Centro Sportivo di Collecchio in Collecchio which is located 15 kilometres to the south west of the stadium Parma s youth teams also play their home matches in the same complex Until 2015 younger youth teams trained at Campi Stuard but now train at Collechio 60 In 2018 the refounded Parma Calcio 1913 acquired the centre from the administrator of Eventi Sportivi S p A the parent company of Parma F C and the former owner of the centre for about 3 million 62 63 Support Edit nbsp The coat of arms of the House of Farnese creators of the Duchy of Parma whose colours are the inspiration for many of the club s kitsThe supporters of Parma are seen as placid fans 64 Traditionally they have been seen as fans who enjoy the spectacle of football and are less partisan although they have been more characterised by impatience of late 8 The supporters were praised for their loyalty after the club sold more season tickets in 2015 when playing in Serie D than the previous year in Serie A following bankruptcy 36 In Northeast Italy the team is the fifth best supported behind Inter Milan Juventus Milan and Bologna the first three of which are not based in that region 65 They are represented by three main groups il Centro di Coordinamento dei Parma Club which represents most of the fanbase l Associazione Petitot and the club s ultras Boys Parma which was established on 3 August 1977 by young fans wanting to split from the Centro di Coordinamento and to encourage meetings with opposition fans 66 The Boys Parma occupy the northern end of the home stadium La Curva Nord directly opposite to where the away fans sit in the south stand 61 In 2008 the Curva Nord was renamed in honour of Boys Parma 1977 member Matteo Bagnaresi who died when he was run over on the way to the Tardini by a coach which was carrying the opposition Juventus fans 67 In a not uncommon practice the number 12 shirt has been reserved for the Parma fans meaning no player is registered to play with that number on his kit for the club The implication is that the supporters particularly those of the famous Curva Nord are the twelfth man The last player to be registered with the number was Gabriele Giroli for the 2002 03 season Parma s club anthem is Il grido di battaglia which means The Battle Cry 68 Rivalries Edit Main articles Derby dell Enza and Derby dell Emilia Parma maintains rivalries with regional and national clubs some of these are keenly fought local derbies Derby dell Enza nb 1 opponents Reggiana are the club s bitterest rivals The ill feeling with Reggiana comes from a traditional city rivalry between Parma and Reggio Emilia Parma contests the Derby dell Emilia nb 2 with Bologna 69 70 Bologna and Parma are Emilia Romagna s two most decorated clubs winning the region s only domestic titles 7 Serie A titles and 5 Coppe Italia Two other local derbies are the Derby dei Ducati nb 3 which is contested with neighbours Modena and the Derby del Ducato nb 4 which is played against Piacenza 70 Despite their relative obscurity Lombardian side Cremonese and Tuscan outfit Carrarese to Parma s north and south respectively are both seen as rivals too Juventus is considered a great rival of Parma largely due to their recent duels which include Parma s 1995 UEFA Cup victory its first and third Coppa Italia triumphs Supercoppa Italiana defeats in 1995 and 2002 and its 1995 domestic cup final defeat to The Old Lady 71 72 73 These six matches comprise nearly half of the fourteen major finals Parma has participated in Ironically Parma s colours have their origins in those Juventus wears and the switch from white and black to a yellow and blue home kit in the late 1990s took place in order to distance and distinguish Parma from Juventus Parma maintain keenly fought rivalries with Vicenza and Genoa In Italy it is common for clubs to be twinned in an arrangement called gemellaggi This is a practice uncommon elsewhere 74 Parma enjoy amicable relations with Empoli in an arrangement that dates back to a game played in foggy conditions in 1984 that ended in the Parma fans congratulating those of Empoli on its win when the full time whistle was blown without the Azzurri fans knowledge 75 76 Perhaps a more current bond is felt towards the fans of Sampdoria 77 78 Ownership and finances EditIn 1991 the club was bought by multinational Italian dairy and food corporation Parmalat This was the platform for success on the pitch but the club eventually succumbed to administration in 2004 due to Parmalat s massive bankruptcy with debts of 20 billion and fraudulent activity at Parmalat worth over 10 billion and a 167 million net loss by the club in 2003 16 18 35 79 80 On 24 January 2007 engineering entrepreneur Tommaso Ghirardi bought the club after three years of administration for 39 million and incorporated Eventi Sportivi as a holding company owning 100 of the club s shares of 20 million nominal value 22 Eventi Sportivi Srl later S p A at first had a share capital of just 3 million with Banca Monte Parma owned 10 of the shares as minority 81 By 21 January 2009 Ghirardi s ownership of Eventi Sportivi was 75 with Banca Monte Parma holding 10 and Marco Ferrari former vice president Diego Penocchio and Penocchio s company Brixia Incipit each owning 5 82 In July 2011 Ghirardi sold to both Alberto Rossi and Alberto Volpi 5 each of Eventi Sportivi 83 On 29 February 2014 Energy T I Group bought 10 of the shares in the club from Eventi Sportivi 84 nbsp Parma born motorsport businessman Giampaolo Dallara was a founding investor in S S D Parma Calcio 1913 On 19 December 2014 and as a result of a ruling which barred the club from a first European campaign under Tommaso Ghirardi Ghirardi sold his 66 55 controlling stake in Eventi Sportivi to Dastraso Holding Ltd a company based in Cyprus and controlled by Rezart Taci for 1 at which point the club was 200 million in debt 35 85 86 The club became the third Serie A club to become foreign owned as a result and Albanian Emir Kodra was installed as president 87 88 In February 2015 Taci sold his stake to Giampietro Manenti for the price he bought it 1 less than two months after buying it at which point salaries at the financially stricken club had not been paid since the previous summer 35 89 90 91 92 93 With Parma bottom of Serie A Manenti was arrested in March 2015 on allegations of money laundering and his involvement in a credit card fraud ring imperilling the already precarious situation as the club was plunged further into debt 35 94 On 19 March 2015 the club was declared bankrupt with a total liabilities of 218 million including unpaid wages of 63 million 34 95 On 22 April 2015 the intermediate holding company of Parma Eventi Sportivi SpA was also declared bankruptcy by the Tribunal of Parma 96 The club was then declared legally bankrupt on 22 June 2015 after no new investors willing to refurbish 22 6 million debt in order to trigger Comma 3 of Article 52 of N O I F to allow the club to remain in Serie B 97 98 Other debts of the club were either waived by the footballers or settled by the administrator New investor was not required to repay the subordinated debt and bank debt of the old company The medals of Parma which was owned by the company as well as Centro Sportivo di Collecchio which was owned by its holding company Eventi Sportivi were under auction after the bankruptcy 99 The phoenix club S S D Parma Calcio 1913 S r L was incorporated in 2015 under the ownership of Nuovo Inizio SrL with share capital of 250 000 Nuovo Inizio was owned by a number of backers including representatives of Parmalat and local businessmen Guido Barilla co owner of Barilla Group Paolo Pizzarotti president of Impresa Pizzarotti Mauro Del Rio and Giampaolo Dallara 35 100 101 The new owners sought to overhaul the core philosophy of Italian club ownership and formed Parma Partecipazioni Calcistiche SrL to act as a vehicle for fan ownership so issued a further 89 286 of shares to that company Fans therefore own approximately 25 of the club at a cost of 500 per share 102 In June 2017 Chinese businessman Jiang Lizhang s Desports group acquired a 60 majority stake in the club The seven local businessman who launched the club in 2015 retained 30 of the club while the remaining 10 remained in the hands of fans through Parma Partecipazione Calcistiche 36 103 104 At the end of October 2018 the local Nuovo Inizio group regained control of the club reacquiring 60 of the shares with the Chinese partners forced to downsize to 30 in light of alleged lack of diligence in meeting their obligations while 10 remained unchanged in the public company Partecipazioni Calcistiche On 9 November Parma Calcio held a shareholders Meeting to appoint a new board of directors at the end of which Pietro Pizzarotti at the time vice president was appointed the new president of the club 105 106 In 2020 Parma were purchased by the Krause Group owners of American based convenience store chain Kum amp Go 107 Since 2013 the main sponsor is Cetilar by Pharmanutra 108 Players EditCurrent squad Edit As of 3 September 2023 109 Note Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules Players may hold more than one non FIFA nationality No Pos Nation Player1 GK nbsp ARG Leandro Chichizola3 DF nbsp VEN Yordan Osorio4 DF nbsp HUN Botond Balogh7 FW nbsp POL Adrian Benedyczak8 MF nbsp ARG Nahuel Estevez9 FW nbsp CGO Gabriel Charpentier10 MF nbsp ESP Adrian Bernabe11 FW nbsp SVN Tjas Begic13 FW nbsp FRA Ange Yoan Bonny14 DF nbsp ARG Cristian Ansaldi15 DF nbsp ITA Enrico Del Prato17 FW nbsp CRO Antonio Colak19 MF nbsp SUI Simon Sohm20 MF nbsp FRA Antoine Hainaut No Pos Nation Player21 FW nbsp ITA Anthony Partipilo22 GK nbsp SVN Martin Turk23 MF nbsp CIV Drissa Camara26 DF nbsp FRA Woyo Coulibaly27 MF nbsp BRA Hernani28 MF nbsp ROU Valentin Mihăilă30 DF nbsp ARG Lautaro Valenti39 DF nbsp AUS Alessandro Circati40 GK nbsp ITA Edoardo Corvi47 DF nbsp GRE Vasilios Zagaritis61 FW nbsp TUN Anas Haj Mohamed77 DF nbsp ITA Gianluca Di Chiara98 MF nbsp ROU Dennis ManOthers players under contract Edit Note Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules Players may hold more than one non FIFA nationality No Pos Nation Player GK nbsp ITA Francesco Borriello MF nbsp FRA Wylan Cyprien No Pos Nation Player FW nbsp ITA Roberto Inglese FW nbsp ITA Paolo NapoletanoOut on loan Edit As of 6 September 2023Note Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules Players may hold more than one non FIFA nationality No Pos Nation Player GK nbsp ITA Filippo Rinaldi at Olbia until 30 June 2024 DF nbsp BEL Elias Cobbaut at Mechelen until 30 June 2024 DF nbsp ITA Giovanni Vaglica at Trento until 30 June 2024 MF nbsp FRA Nathan Buayi Kiala at Auxerre until 30 June 2024 MF nbsp CRO Stanko Juric at Valladolid until 30 June 2024 MF nbsp ITA Stefano Palmucci at Fermana until 30 June 2024 No Pos Nation Player MF nbsp ITA Fabian Pavone at Turris until 30 June 2024 FW nbsp ITA Daniele Iacoponi at Rimini until 30 June 2024 FW nbsp ITA Eric Lanini at Reggiana until 30 June 2024 FW nbsp LVA Dario Sits at SPAL until 30 June 2024 FW nbsp ITA Gennaro Tutino at Cosenza until 30 June 2024 Retired numbers Edit See also Retired numbers in football 6 The club announced the retirement of the shirt number worn by club s captain Alessandro Lucarelli after his retirement announcement Lucarelli holds the record for league appearances for the club and stayed with the club from its 2015 relegation from Serie A to Serie D following bankruptcy and through its three straight promotions back to Serie A between 2015 and 2018 110 12 From the 2002 03 season until the present with the exception of the 2015 16 season in Serie D where league rules required that the number be assigned to a substitute Curva Nord of the Stadio Ennio Tardini as a sign of recognition towards the fans who sit in the Curva Nord considered the 12th man on the pitch 111 Academy Edit For information on Parma s youth teams see Parma Calcio 1913 Youth Sector Below the first team the club runs six teams at youth level as well as a ladies team 112 Former players Edit For details of former players see List of Parma Calcio 1913 players and Category Parma Calcio 1913 players Club captains Edit For a list of club captains see List of Parma Calcio 1913 players Club captains Player records Edit For player records including player awards see List of Parma Calcio 1913 statistics and records Players Club officials EditOwner Kyle KrauseClub management 113 President Kyle KrauseCoaching staffManager Fabio Pecchia Assistant manager Antonio Porta Goalkeeper coach Valerio Visconti Athletic coach Marco Antonio Ferrone Technical collaborator Gennaro Troianiello Ferdinando CoppolaChairmen history Edit Parma has had numerous chairmen over the course of its history here is a complete list of them 114 Name YearsVioli Porcelli and Spaggiari 1913 14Carlo Melli and Alberto Poletti 1914 15Ing Tedeschi 1919 20Conte L Lusignani 1920 21Ennio Tardini 1921 23Gabbi 1923 24Giuseppe Muggia and Amoretti 1924 25Aldo Ortali 1925 26Giovanni Canali 1926 28Emilio Grossi 1928 29Giuseppe Amoretti 1929 30Cesare Minelli 1930 35Emilio Grossi 1935 36Filippo Bonati 1936 37Nino Medioli 1937 38Medardo Ghini 1938 40Giuseppe Scotti 1940 43Giorgio Zanichelli 1945 46Raimondo Bortesi 1946 47Amerigo Ghirardi 1947 48Bruno Avanzini 1948 51Bonifazio Lupi di Soragna 1951 53Umberto Agnetti Del Frate Campanini and Viani 1953 54Fabrizio Cartolari 1954 58 Name YearsGiuseppe Agnetti 1958 65Walter Molinari 1965 66Gino Camorali 1966 67Vittorio Blarzino 1967 68Zanichelli and Pizzighoni 1968 69Ermes Foglia 1969 73Arnaldo Musini 1973 76Ernesto Ceresini 1976 90Fulvio Ceresini 1990Giorgio Pedraneschi 1990 96Stefano Tanzi 1996 04Enrico Bondi 2004Guido Angiolini 2004 06Enrico Bondi 2006 07Tommaso Ghirardi 2007 2014Pietro Doca 2014 115 Fabio Giordano 2014 15 115 116 Ermir Kodra 2015 116 88 Giampietro Manenti 2015 116 117 Nevio Scala 2015 2016 100 Jiang Lizhang 2017 2018Pietro Pizzarotti 2018 2020Kyle J Krause 2020 present Managerial history Edit Main article List of Parma F C managers Below is a list of Parma managers since the end of the First World War until the present day 114 Name Nationality YearsVioli Porcelli Spaggiari nbsp nbsp nbsp 1919 20Percy Humphrey nbsp 1920 21Adolf Riebe nbsp 1921 23Guido Ara nbsp 1923 24Gabbi Forlivesi nbsp nbsp 1924 25Carlo Achatzi nbsp 1925 26Ghini Stuardt nbsp nbsp 1926 27Emilio Grossi nbsp 1927 28Raoul Violi nbsp 1928 29Emilio Grossi nbsp 1929 30Armand Halmos nbsp 1930 31Emilio Grossi nbsp 1931 32Crotti nbsp 1932 33Tito Mistrali nbsp 1933 36Alfredo Mattioli nbsp 1936 37Elvio Banchero nbsp 1937 38Pal Szalaj nbsp 1938 39Jozsef Wereb nbsp 1939 40Sam Trevors nbsp 1940 42Italo Defendi nbsp 1942 43Giuseppe Carlo Ferrari nbsp 1945 46Renato Cattaneo Lombatti Frione Mistrali nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 1946 47Bruno Dentelli Giovanni Mazzoni Dietrich Tagliani nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 1947 48Renato Cattaneo Giuberti Mistrali Giuseppe Carlo Ferrari Lombatti Carlo Rigotti nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 1948 49 Name Nationality YearsCarlo Rigotti nbsp 1949 50Giovanni Mazzoni Boni Mattioli nbsp nbsp nbsp 1950 51Paolo Tabanelli nbsp 1951 53Carlo Alberto Quario nbsp 1953 54Ivo Fiorentini nbsp 1954 56Oliveri Giuberti nbsp nbsp 1956 57Cestmir Vycpalek nbsp 1956 58Guido Mazetti nbsp 1958 60Mario Genta nbsp 1960 62Canforini nbsp 1962 63Diotallevi Arnaldo Sentimenti nbsp nbsp 1963 64Oliveri Giuberti nbsp nbsp 1956 57Bruno Arcari nbsp 1964 65Ivano Corghi nbsp 1965 66Dante Boni nbsp 1965 67Giancarlo Vitali nbsp 1967 68Dante Boni nbsp 1968 69Giancarlo Vitali nbsp 1969 70Stefano Angeleri nbsp 1970 72Antonio Soncini nbsp 1972Giorgio Sereni nbsp 1973 74Renato Gei nbsp 1974 75Giovanni Meregalli nbsp 1975 76Tito Corsi nbsp 1976 77Bruno Mora nbsp 1977Gianni Corelli Giorgio Visconti nbsp nbsp 1977 78Graziano Landoni nbsp 1978Cesare Maldini nbsp 1978 80Domenico Rosati nbsp 1980 81Giorgio Sereni nbsp 1981Giancarlo Danova nbsp 1981 83 Name Nationality YearsBruno Mora nbsp 1983Marino Perani nbsp 1983 85Silvano Flaborea nbsp 1985Pietro Carmignani nbsp 1985Arrigo Sacchi nbsp 1985 87Zdenek Zeman nbsp 1987Giampiero Vitali nbsp 1987 89Nevio Scala nbsp 1989 96Carlo Ancelotti nbsp 1996 98Alberto Malesani nbsp 1998 01Arrigo Sacchi nbsp 2001Renzo Ulivieri nbsp 2001Daniel Passarella nbsp 2001Pietro Carmignani nbsp 2001 02Cesare Prandelli nbsp 2002 04Silvio Baldini nbsp 2004 05Pietro Carmignani nbsp 2005Mario Beretta nbsp 2005 06Stefano Pioli nbsp 2006 07Claudio Ranieri nbsp 2007Domenico Di Carlo nbsp 2007 08Hector Cuper nbsp 2008Andrea Manzo nbsp 2008Luigi Cagni nbsp 2008Francesco Guidolin nbsp 2008 10Pasquale Marino nbsp 2010 11Franco Colomba nbsp 2011 12Roberto Donadoni nbsp 2012 15Luigi Apolloni nbsp 2015 16Roberto D Aversa nbsp 2016 20Fabio Liverani nbsp 2020 21Roberto D Aversa nbsp 2021Enzo Maresca nbsp 2021Giuseppe Iachini nbsp 2021 2022Fabio Pecchia nbsp 2022 Honours EditParma has won eight major titles in its history all coming in a period of ten years between 1992 and 2002 118 These honours make it the eleventh most successful team in Italian football history in terms of the number of major trophies won the fourth most successful Italian team in European competitions after A C Milan Juventus and Inter Milan and one of thirteen Italian clubs to have won multiple major titles National Edit Coppa Italia Winners 1991 92 1998 99 2001 02 SuperCoppa Italiana Winners 1999 Serie C Winners 1953 54 1972 73 nb 5 1983 84 nb 6 1985 86 nb 6 Serie D Winners 1969 70 2015 16 nb 7 European Edit Main article Parma Calcio 1913 in European football UEFA Cup Winners 1994 95 1998 99 European Cup Winners Cup Winners 1992 93 European Super Cup Winners 1993Updated 10 5 23Divisional movements EditSeries Years Last Promotions RelegationsA 27 2020 21 nbsp 3 2008 2015 2021 B 28 2021 22 nbsp 3 1990 2009 2018 nbsp 6 1932 1949 1965 1975 1980 1985 C 30 2016 17 nbsp 7 1946 1954 1973 1979 1984 1986 2017 nbsp 1 1966 85 out of 90 years of professional football in Italy since 1929D 5 2015 16 nbsp 2 1970 2016 neverNotes Edit Derby dell Enza translates to Enza Derby The River Enza is an affluence of Italy s longest river the Po and forms the boundary of the provinces of Parma and Reggio Emilia Derby d Emilia would be translated to Emilia Derby Emilia is a region that approximately corresponds to the western and north eastern portions of today s Emilia Romagna The region takes its name from the Via Aemilia a Roman road in 187 BCE Derby dei Ducati means Derby of the Duchies the duchies in question being those of Modena and Reggio and Parma These territories were competing and neighbouring duchies during the Renaissance Derby del Ducato is the Italian equivalent of Derby of the Duchy The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 and became the unified Duchies of Parma and Piacenza in 1556 At the time this was one of 3 parallel regional third tier divisions a b At the time this was one of 2 parallel regional third tier divisions At the time this was one of 9 parallel regional fourth tier divisions Footnotes Edit Mynk K C 17 April 2009 How the Mighty Have Fallen The Decline of 10 Untouchable Football Clubs BleacherReport com Bleacher Report Retrieved 1 August 2010 Dunford 2011 p 793 a b c Sappino 2000 p 986 a b c d Parma Club History Football Italia net Football Italia Retrieved 12 January 2012 a b Parma Goal com Goal com Retrieved 5 January 2011 a b Stadium FCParma com Parma F C Archived from the original on 28 September 2013 Retrieved 22 December 2013 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link a b c Da Giuseppe Verdi a Wembley From Giuseppe Verdi to Wembley Gazzetta di Parma in Italian Parma Editrice Gazzetta di Parma Archived from the original on 9 June 2012 Retrieved 2 March 2012 a b c Dunford 2011 pp 739 740 a b c d e Parma 90s Phenomenon GhostGoal co uk 19 May 2010 Archived from the original on 17 August 2011 Retrieved 31 July 2010 Barber Tony 11 January 2005 Bondi invites bids for Parma Financial Times Archived from the original on 10 December 2022 Retrieved 25 July 2011 Morrow 2003 p 202 Wilson Steve Top 10 Euro underdogs Football Italia net Football Italia Retrieved 12 December 2010 Crespo speechless after making Parma return Soccernet ESPN Go com ESPN UK 30 January 2010 Archived from the original on 24 October 2012 Retrieved 15 December 2010 Marcotti Gabriele 24 May 2005 Tactical switch The Times London Times Newspapers Retrieved 20 July 2010 a b Bandini Paolo 23 November 2009 Seventh sister back on the scene as Parma perk up sibling rivalry The Guardian London Guardian News and Media Retrieved 9 December 2010 a b Parma Is Latest In Italy s Seven Sisters Of Soccer To Crumble The Financial Express 10 January 2004 Retrieved 9 December 2010 Parmalat Timeline to turmoil BBC News 28 September 2005 Retrieved 23 November 2010 a b Wilson Bill 6 January 2004 Parmalat scandal threatens football club BBC News British Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 23 November 2010 Richardson Ben 31 December 2003 Tanzi s path from boardroom to jail BBC News British Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 23 November 2010 P COMUNICATO UFFICIALE N 6 A 2004 05 PDF in Italian FIGC 8 July 2004 Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 12 July 2015 AC Milan Group 2006 annual report PDF AC Milan in Italian Archived from the original PDF on 25 April 2011 a b Ufficiale Il Parma e di Ghirardi Official Parma is Ghirardi s La Gazzetta dello Sport in Italian Milan RCS MediaGroup Retrieved 29 July 2010 Ranieri appointed coach of Parma BBC Sport British Broadcasting Corporation 13 February 2007 Retrieved 1 August 2010 Stanco Sergio La salvezza abita a Parma Salvation lives in Parma La Gazzetta dello Sport in Italian Milan RCS MediaGroup Retrieved 29 July 2010 Horncastle James 13 March 2008 Cross to Bear Football Italia net Football Italia Retrieved 9 December 2010 Carminati Nadia 24 May 2010 Udinese appoint Guidolin SkySports com Sky Sports Retrieved 1 August 2010 Carminati Nadia 2 June 2010 Parma appoint Marino SkySports com Sky Sports Retrieved 1 August 2010 Carminati Nadia 3 April 2011 Parma wield axe on Marino SkySports com Sky Sports Retrieved 4 April 2011 Salvezza raggiunta ci sara il Parma nella Serie A 2011 12 Safety achieved Parma will be in the 2011 12 Serie A Sportsbook24 net in Italian Sportsbook24 Archived from the original on 24 March 2012 Retrieved 13 May 2011 Fatale il 5 0 con l Inter esonerato Colomba 5 0 with Inter fatal Colomba fired Corriere della Sera in Italian Milan RCS MediaGroup 9 January 2012 Retrieved 11 January 2012 Salsano Francesco 13 May 2012 Parma settima da record Parma record seventh La Gazzetta dello Sport in Italian RCS MediaGroup Parma lose appeal for UEFA license sic 29 May 2014 Parma deducted one point for financial issues FourFourTwo Haymarket Group 9 December 2014 a b Italian court declares Serie A side Parma bankrupt in 10 minute hearing The Guardian London Guardian News and Media 19 March 2015 a b c d e f Smith Rory 26 October 2015 Fallen giants of Italian football begin to stir The Times London Times Newspapers a b c Teclab Yousef 24 May 2018 It can t be true Parma return to Serie A after three straight promotions The Guardian London Guardian News and Media Robinson Sam 13 August 2015 Bankrupt Parma put eight trophies up for sale to raise funds The Guardian La S S D Parma calcio 1913 s r l ammessa in soprannumero in Serie D S S D Parma calcio 1913 s r l placed in Serie D FIGC it in Italian FIGC 27 July 2015 New club Parma Calcio 1913 approved to play in Serie D ESPNFC com ESPN UK 27 July 2015 Retrieved 27 July 2015 Rickerd Stewart 30 August 2015 Parma sell 9 000 season tickets Gazzetta World RCS MediaGroup Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 20 September 2015 Parma promoted to Serie C in first season after bankruptcy BBC Sport British Broadcasting Corporation 18 April 2016 Retrieved 23 April 2016 The Return of Parma 22 April 2016 Parma back in Serie B Football Italia 17 June 2017 Parma secure third successive promotion to Italy s top flight after bankruptcy BBC Sport British Broadcasting Corporation 18 May 2018 Retrieved 19 May 2018 Parma handed five point deduction Football Italia 23 July 2018 Parma has 5 point penalty removed Calaio ban reduced foxsports com 9 August 2018 Burnley to play Serie A side in pre season friendly Lancslive Archived from the original on 17 June 2021 THE MVPs OF THE 2019 2020 SEASON www legaseriea it Retrieved 10 May 2023 permanent dead link Liverani new Parma coach Parma s new owner Kyle Krause It s a fantastic city and a great opportunity ESPN com 18 September 2020 Retrieved 10 May 2023 ENZO MARESCA IS THE NEW HEAD COACH OF PARMA CALCIO Parma Calcio 1913 27 May 2021 Archived from the original on 7 June 2023 Retrieved 10 May 2023 ENZO MARESCA SOLLEVATO DALL INCARICO Parma Calcio 1913 in Italian 23 November 2021 Archived from the original on 7 June 2023 Retrieved 10 May 2023 GIUSEPPE IACHINI E L ALLENATORE CROCIATO Parma Calcio 1913 in Italian 23 November 2021 Archived from the original on 23 November 2021 Retrieved 10 May 2023 FABIO PECCHIA E L ALLENATORE CROCIATO Parma Calcio 1913 in Italian 2 June 2022 Archived from the original on 16 April 2023 Retrieved 10 May 2023 Velde Francois R Heraldry in Pre Unification Italy Heraldica org Retrieved 30 July 2010 Le Maglie del Parma The Kits of Parma storiadelparmacalcio com Archived from the original on 21 July 2016 Retrieved 29 July 2010 FC Parma Unveils Their 100 Year Anniversary Logo GettyImages co uk in Italian Getty Images 27 February 2013 Retrieved 24 October 2015 Il Parma Calcio 1913 ha acquistato dalla Curatela il marchio Parma F C sulle maglie torna lo storico scudo gialloblu crociato ma con la scritta Parma Calcio Parma Calcio 1913 have acquired Parma F C branding the traditional badge will return to the shirt but with Parma Calcio in Italian 23 August 2016 Archived from the original on 31 August 2016 Retrieved 24 August 2016 La storia dello stadio Ennio Tardini di Parma 1923 The history of Parma s Stadio Ennio Tardini 1923 APCPetitot it Associazione Parma Club Petitot Archived from the original on 4 September 2011 Retrieved 25 April 2011 a b Impianti Grounds ParmaCalcio1913 com in Italian S S D Parma Calcio 1913 Archived from the original on 17 September 2018 Retrieved 24 October 2015 a b Stadio Ennio Tardini Football Italia net Football Italia Retrieved 12 January 2012 PARMA CALCIO 1913 COMUNICATO UFFICIALE Press release in Italian Parma Calcio 1913 9 May 2018 Retrieved 12 May 2018 Parma Calcio 1913 si aggiudica il centro sportivo di Collecchio La Repubblica Parma edition in Italian GEDI Gruppo Editoriale 9 May 2018 Retrieved 12 May 2018 Giulianotti 1999 p 88 Italia il paese nel pallone Italy the country in football PDF Demos it in Italian Demos amp Pi 24 September 2010 Retrieved 23 February 2012 Breve Riassunto Brief Summary BoysParma1977 it in Italian Boys Parma 1977 Archived from the original on 22 July 2011 Retrieved 19 December 2010 Bandini Paolo 31 March 2008 Sadness and censure as violence blights the Scudetto again The Guardian London Guardian News and Media Random Parma Video 8 Parma s Anthem TheOffside com 22 January 2008 Archived from the original on 15 July 2012 Retrieved 29 May 2011 Malesani recalls Tardini triumphs Football Italia net Football Italia 19 December 2010 Retrieved 19 December 2010 a b Italy FootballDerbies com Archived from the original on 27 March 2014 Retrieved 13 February 2012 Parma Juve Like a Derby TheOffside com 8 November 2007 Archived from the original on 19 July 2012 Retrieved 14 December 2010 The Rivalry is Back Parma Juventus TheOffside com 5 January 2010 Archived from the original on 30 March 2012 Retrieved 19 August 2011 Riproporre il derby dell Enza Parma Reggiana per beneficenza Revival of the Derby dell Enza Parma Reggiana for charity PDF L Informazione in Italian 25 November 2011 Archived from the original PDF on 18 February 2012 Fleming Scott 26 August 2011 Serious about Serie A Football Italia net Football Italia Retrieved 29 August 2011 Top 10 Twinned clubs Football Italia net Football Italia Archived from the original on 22 November 2010 Retrieved 12 December 2010 Empoli BoysParma1977 it Boys Parma 1977 Retrieved 19 December 2010 Sampdoria BoysParma1977 it Boys Parma 1977 Retrieved 19 December 2010 Boys e qui la festa per il gemellaggio Parma Sampdoria Boys host the party for the Parma Sampdoria twinning Gazzetta di Parma in Italian Parma Editrice Gazzetta di Parma 6 September 2012 Archived from the original on 18 February 2013 Arie Sophie 4 January 2004 Parmalat dream goes sour The Guardian London Guardian News and Media Retrieved 31 December 2014 Parma AC SpA bilancio financial report and accounts on 30 June 2003 in Italian PDF purchased from Italian CCIAA Intesa Sanpaolo www intesasanpaolo com Retrieved 1 February 2021 Due nuovi soci nel Parma Calcio Two new Parma shareholders Gazzetta di Parma 21 January 2009 Archived from the original on 28 January 2015 Retrieved 31 December 2014 Due soci affiancano Tommaso Ghirardi Alberto Rossi e Alberto Volpi Two members alongside Tommaso Ghirardi ALberto Rossi and Alberto Volpi Gazzetta di Parma in Italian 21 July 2011 Archived from the original on 31 December 2014 Retrieved 31 December 2014 Parma F C Archived from the original on 25 December 2014 Retrieved 31 December 2014 Bandini Paolo 26 January 2015 Parma s shrinking violets facing a sour future in Serie A The Guardian London Guardian News and Media PARMA FC ALLA DASTRASO HOLDINGS LIMITED IL PRESIDENTE FABIO GIORDANO PAGAMENTI E NON RETROCEDERE LE PRIORITA in Italian Parma FC 20 December 2014 Archived from the original on 20 December 2014 Retrieved 21 December 2014 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint unfit URL link Parma Serie A club deducted point by Italy FA BBC Sport British Broadcasting Corporation 10 December 2014 a b Parma appoint Ermir Kodra 29 as club s new president BBC Sport British Broadcasting Corporation 23 January 2015 Parma la verita sulla MAPI GRUP Parma the truth about Mapi Group Gazzetta di Parma in Italian 8 February 2015 Archived from the original on 13 February 2015 Retrieved 12 February 2015 Gladwell Ben 12 February 2015 Parma president Giampietro Manenti says debt payments on way ESPNFC com ESPN Parma work starts tomorrow Football Italia net Football Italia 9 February 2015 We sold Parma for 1 Football Italia net Football Italia 9 February 2015 Jurejko Jonathan 23 February 2015 Parma s uncertain future Former Uefa Cup winners rack up debts BBC Sport British Broadcasting Corporation Parma chairman Giampietro Manenti held over credit card scam BBC Sport British Broadcasting Corporation 18 March 2015 Il Parma e ufficialmente fallito Ma domenica col Torino si gioca La Gazzetta dello Sport in Italian 19 March 2015 Parma dal tribunale due no a Manenti dichiarata fallita Eventi Sportivi La Repubblica in Italian 22 April 2015 Retrieved 23 April 2015 Fallimento Parma FC S p A Il giudice delegato stabilisce il debito sportivo in Italian Parma F C 20 June 2015 Archived from the original on 22 June 2015 Retrieved 20 August 2016 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link McCourt Ian 22 June 2015 Parma relegated to Serie D after failing to find a new owner The Guardian London Guardian News and Media Retrieved 22 June 2015 Eventi Sportivi Spa il 28 aprile l asta si parte da 9 9 milioni Gazzetta di Parma in Italian 5 March 2016 Archived from the original on 19 August 2016 Retrieved 15 August 2016 a b Scarsi Selene 2 July 2015 Parma Calcio 1913 unveiled new chapter begins for club says Barilla ESPN FC ESPN New Parma takes shape Football Italia www football italia net 27 June 2015 Retrieved 1 February 2021 Borden Sam 17 August 2015 Parma s Rebirth Rests on a Ragged Pitch The New York Times Dolci Stefano 21 June 2017 Anche il Parma diventa cinese il 60 delle azioni a Jiang Lizhang Crespo sara il vicepresidente Parma is next to become Chinese 60 of the shares to Jiang Lizhang and Crespo will be vice president Eurosport Discovery Communications Marco Ferrari Jiang Lizhang di Desports e il socio ideale per crescere Il mio compito e finito Rimarro sempre vicino alla societa come azionista e come tifoso Marco Ferrari Jiang Lizhang of Desports is the ideal shareholder for growth My task is complete I will always remain close to the club as shareholder and f ParmaCalcio1913 com 21 June 2017 Archived from the original on 31 August 2017 Retrieved 30 August 2017 Local investors take control of Parma back from China s struggling Desports 25 October 2018 Retrieved 1 February 2021 Parma Calcio 1913 PARMA CALCIO 1913 NEW BOARD OF DIRECTORS CONFIRMED WITH PIETRO PIZZAROTTI AS PRESIDENT Parma Calcio 1913 Archived from the original on 26 January 2019 Retrieved 25 January 2019 Akin Tyler Jett and Katie From Iowa to Italy Kum amp Go owners purchase 90 stake in Italian soccer team Des Moines Register Retrieved 1 February 2021 CETILAR TO CONTINUE AS MAIN SPONSOR FOR PARMA CALCIO IN THE 2019 20 SEASON Parma Calcio 1913 Archived from the original on 11 September 2019 Retrieved 18 November 2019 Prima squadra Parma Calcio 1913 ParmaCalcio1913 com in Italian S S D Parma Calcio 1913 Retrieved 28 February 2022 C e un numero 6 6razie capitan Lucarelli in Italian Parma Calcio 1913 27 May 2018 Archived from the original on 28 May 2018 Retrieved 28 May 2018 La numerazione delle maglie dei crociati per la stagione 2016 2017 La Lega Pro concede la deroga al Parma per la numero 12 assegnata ai tifosi in Italian Parma Calcio 1913 5 August 2016 Archived from the original on 3 September 2016 Retrieved 31 August 2016 News Giovanili e femminile Youth and ladies news ParmaCalcio1913 com in Italian S S D Parma Calcio 1913 Archived from the original on 23 November 2015 Retrieved 24 October 2015 Parma Calcio 1913 Staff Parma Calcio 1913 Archived from the original on 5 January 2019 Retrieved 25 January 2019 a b I presidenti e gli allenatori del Parma Football Club The presidents and coaches of Parma Football Club StoriaDelParmaCalcio com in Italian Archived from the original on 16 July 2011 Retrieved 30 July 2010 a b Official Parma sold to Dastraso Football Italia net Football Italia 19 December 2014 a b c Fallimento Parma 5 anni di inibizione per Ghirardi e 5 anni e preclusione per Leonardi Press release in Italian FIGC 23 September 2016 Retrieved 6 June 2017 permanent dead link Comunicato Stampa Press release in Italian 9 February 2015 Archived from the original on 10 February 2015 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint unfit URL link Storia History ParmaCalcio1913 com in Italian S S D Parma Calcio 1913 Retrieved 24 October 2015 Bibliography EditBelle Gianfranco Gandolfi Giorgio 2003 90 anni del Parma calcio 1913 2003 90 Years of Parma Football 1913 2003 in Italian Parma Azzali Editore Dunford Martin 1 March 2011 The Rough Guide to Italy 10th ed Rough Guides ISBN 978 1 84836 717 3 Retrieved 23 February 2012 Giulianotti Richard 16 August 1999 Football a sociology of the global game Polity Press ISBN 978 0 333 94612 1 Retrieved 23 February 2012 Melegari Fabrizio ed 2007 Calciatori del Parma I Crociati nelle figurine Panini Parma Players The Crusaders in Panini Trading Cards in Italian Modena Panini Group Morrow Stephen 30 September 2003 The people s game football finance and society Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978 0 333 94612 1 Retrieved 23 February 2012 Sappino Marco 2000 Dizionario del calcio italiano Dictionary of Italian football in Italian Vol 2 Baldini amp Castoldi ISBN 978 88 8089 862 7 Retrieved 23 February 2012 permanent dead link External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to SSD Parma Calcio 1913 Official website in English and Italian Parma Archived 25 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine at Serie A in English and Italian Parma at Football Italia Parma Archived 1 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine at ESPN Soccernet Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Parma Calcio 1913 amp oldid 1178197951, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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