The Parisii (Gaulish: *Parisioi; Greek: Παρίσιοι, romanized: Parísioi) were a Gallic tribe that dwelt on the banks of the river Seine during the Iron Age and the Roman era. They lived on lands now occupied by the modern city of Paris, whose name is derived from the ethnonym.
Location of the Parisii.A map of Gaul in the 1st century BC, showing the relative positions of the Celtic tribes.Gold coins of the Parisii, 1st century BC (Cabinet des Médailles, Paris).Coin of the Parisii: obverse with horse, 1st century BC (Cabinet des Médailles, Paris).Coins of the Parisii (Metropolitan Museum of Art).
They are mentioned as Parisii by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC),[1]Parísioi (Παρίσιοι; var. Παρήσιοι) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD) and Ptolemy (2nd c. AD),[2]Parisi by Pliny (mid-1st c. AD),[3] and as Parisius and Parisios in the Notitia Dignitatum (5th c. AD).[4][5] Another tribe named Parisii is also documented in Britain.[6]
The ethnic name Parisii is a latinized form of GaulishParisioi (sing. Parisios). Its meaning has been debated. According to Xavier Delamarre, it may derive from the stem pario- ('cauldron').[6]Alfred Holder interpreted the name as 'the makers' or 'the commanders', by comparing it to the Welshperyff ('lord, commander'), both possibly descending from a Proto-Celtic form reconstructed as *kwar-is-io-.[7] Alternatively, Pierre-Yves Lambert proposed to translate Parisii as the 'spear people', by connecting the first element to the Old Irishcarr 'spear', derived from an earlier *kwar-sā.[5]
The city of Paris, attested as Lutetiam Oppidum Parisiorum by Caesar (Parision in the 5th c. AD, Paris in 1265), is named after the Gallic tribe.[8][5]
According to the Commentarii de Bello Gallico, when the Romans under Caesar entered this territory, the Parisii started burning down their own towns for they were willing to give up these possessions rather than have them taken by the Romans.[10]
In 52 BC, in concert with the Suessiones, the Parisii participated in the general rising of Vercingetorix against Julius Caesar. Before the Roman period, the Parisii had their own gold coinage.[10]
Once part of the Roman Empire the Parisii oppidum later became the site of Lutetia, an important city in the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis, and ultimately the modern city of Paris, whose name is derived from the name of the tribe. An ancient trade route between Germania and Hispania existed at the area, by way of the meeting of the Oise and Marne rivers with the Seine.[11][12]
^Andrew Ayers - The Architecture of Paris: An Architectural Guide Edition Axel Menges, 2004 ISBN393069896X Retrieved 23 April 2017
^H. Sauval - Histoire et recherches des antiquités de la ville de Paris, Volume 1 chés C. Moette, 1724 > 1st return Retrieved 23 April 2017
Bibliographyedit
Busse, Peter E. (2006). "Belgae". In Koch, John T. (ed.). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 195–200. ISBN978-1-85109-440-0.
Delamarre, Xavier (2003). Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental. Errance. ISBN9782877723695.
Falileyev, Alexander (2010). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. CMCS. ISBN978-0955718236.
Duval, Paul-Marie (1961). Paris antique: des origines au troisième siècle. Hermann. OCLC 954302664.
External linksedit
Media related to Parisii at Wikimedia Commons
November 10, 2023
parisii, gaul, parisii, gaulish, parisioi, greek, Παρίσιοι, romanized, parísioi, were, gallic, tribe, that, dwelt, banks, river, seine, during, iron, roman, they, lived, lands, occupied, modern, city, paris, whose, name, derived, from, ethnonym, location, pari. The Parisii Gaulish Parisioi Greek Parisioi romanized Parisioi were a Gallic tribe that dwelt on the banks of the river Seine during the Iron Age and the Roman era They lived on lands now occupied by the modern city of Paris whose name is derived from the ethnonym Location of the Parisii A map of Gaul in the 1st century BC showing the relative positions of the Celtic tribes Gold coins of the Parisii 1st century BC Cabinet des Medailles Paris Coin of the Parisii obverse with horse 1st century BC Cabinet des Medailles Paris Coins of the Parisii Metropolitan Museum of Art Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 See also 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 Further reading 7 External linksName editThey are mentioned as Parisii by Caesar mid 1st c BC 1 Parisioi Parisioi var Parhsioi by Strabo early 1st c AD and Ptolemy 2nd c AD 2 Parisi by Pliny mid 1st c AD 3 and as Parisius and Parisios in the Notitia Dignitatum 5th c AD 4 5 Another tribe named Parisii is also documented in Britain 6 The ethnic name Parisii is a latinized form of Gaulish Parisioi sing Parisios Its meaning has been debated According to Xavier Delamarre it may derive from the stem pario cauldron 6 Alfred Holder interpreted the name as the makers or the commanders by comparing it to the Welsh peryff lord commander both possibly descending from a Proto Celtic form reconstructed as kwar is io 7 Alternatively Pierre Yves Lambert proposed to translate Parisii as the spear people by connecting the first element to the Old Irish carr spear derived from an earlier kwar sa 5 The city of Paris attested as Lutetiam Oppidum Parisiorum by Caesar Parision in the 5th c AD Paris in 1265 is named after the Gallic tribe 8 5 History editThe Parisii settled in the territory surrounding their chief town or oppidum about 250 BC as first mentioned in Julius Caesar s Commentarii de Bello Gallico 9 According to the Commentarii de Bello Gallico when the Romans under Caesar entered this territory the Parisii started burning down their own towns for they were willing to give up these possessions rather than have them taken by the Romans 10 In 52 BC in concert with the Suessiones the Parisii participated in the general rising of Vercingetorix against Julius Caesar Before the Roman period the Parisii had their own gold coinage 10 Once part of the Roman Empire the Parisii oppidum later became the site of Lutetia an important city in the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis and ultimately the modern city of Paris whose name is derived from the name of the tribe An ancient trade route between Germania and Hispania existed at the area by way of the meeting of the Oise and Marne rivers with the Seine 11 12 See also editIron Age of North Europe List of peoples of Gaul Paris Parisi Yorkshire tribe of similar name in East Yorkshire UK Treasure of Puteaux Gallic coins discovered at Puteaux Hauts de Seine France and most of the coins are from the Parisii tribe References edit Caesar Commentarii de Bello Gallico 4 3 passim Strabo Geōgraphika 4 3 5 Ptolemy Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgesis 2 8 10 Pliny Naturalis Historia 4 107 Notitia Dignitatum oc 42 23 66 a b c Falileyev 2010 s v Parisii and Lutetia a b Delamarre 2003 p 247 Busse 2006 p 199 Negre 1990 p 155 E Planta A new picture of Paris or The stranger s guide to the French metropolis Samuel Leigh amp Baldwin amp Cradock 1831 16th edition Retrieved on 2017 04 23 from https books google com books id jGMDAAAAQAAJ amp dq Parisii 2C Paris amp pg PA111 1st return a b Paris Encyclopaedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite Chicago Encyclopaedia Britannica 2014 Andrew Ayers The Architecture of Paris An Architectural Guide Edition Axel Menges 2004 ISBN 393069896X Retrieved 23 April 2017 H Sauval Histoire et recherches des antiquites de la ville de Paris Volume 1 ches C Moette 1724 gt 1st return Retrieved 23 April 2017Bibliography editBusse Peter E 2006 Belgae In Koch John T ed Celtic Culture A Historical Encyclopedia ABC CLIO pp 195 200 ISBN 978 1 85109 440 0 Delamarre Xavier 2003 Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise Une approche linguistique du vieux celtique continental Errance ISBN 9782877723695 Falileyev Alexander 2010 Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place names A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World CMCS ISBN 978 0955718236 Negre Ernest 1990 Toponymie generale de la France Librairie Droz ISBN 978 2 600 02883 7 Further reading editDuval Paul Marie 1961 Paris antique des origines au troisieme siecle Hermann OCLC 954302664 External links edit nbsp Media related to Parisii at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Parisii Gaul amp oldid 1169400991, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
