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Parastemmiulus

Parastemmiulus is an extinct genus of millipede in the family Stemmiulidae known from a fossil found in Mexico. There is one described species in the genus, Parastemmiulus elektron. The species is one of three millipedes described from Mexican amber, and the oldest Stemmiulidae fossil species as of 2013.[1][2][3]

Parastemmiulus
Temporal range: Early - Middle Miocene
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Diplopoda
Order: Stemmiulida
Family: Stemmiulidae
Genus: Parastemmiulus
Species:
P. elektron
Binomial name
Parastemmiulus elektron
Riquelme et al, 2013

History and classification edit

Parastemmiulus elektron was described from a solitary fossil, which is preserved as an inclusion in a transparent chunk of Mexican amber. At the time of description, the amber specimen was housed in the fossil collection of the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia in San Cristóbal de las Casas, Simojovel. The holotype fossil is composed of a very complete adult female recovered from the La Guadalupe Quarry.[1] Mexican amber is recovered from fossil bearing rocks in the Simojovel region of Chiapas, Mexico. The amber dates from between 23 million years old at the oldest and 15 million years at the youngest. The La Guadalupe Quarry site is an outcrop of amber bearing strata belonging to the Mazantic shale. The deposits preserve a transitional river or stream environments near the coast and preserves fossils of a mangrove forest ecosystem.[1][2][3]

The holotype was first studied by a team of researchers headed by Francisco Riquelme of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos with their 2013 type description of the genus and species being published in the natural sciences journal Historical Biology. The genus name is a combination of the genus Stemmiulus and "para" meaning along side, a reference to the similarities between the two genera. The specific epithet elektron was is based from the Greek word meaning amber.[1]

P. elektron is one of three millipede species described from Mexican amber, the others being Anbarrhacus adamantis and Maatidesmus paachtun, while a number of other species have been described from the similarly aged Dominican amber.[1][2] One possible Stemmulid fossil was described from Dominican amber, however it was not complete, and has been regarded as doubtful. P. elektron is the first Stemmulid genus described from a fossil.[1]

Description edit

The P. elektron female is reddish-brown in overall coloration with the legs a brownish tone that trends to hyaline. The body is composed of forty six segments and has a length of approximately 21 mm (0.83 in) . The ocellar field is shallow and triangular in shape with three ocelli, and is positioned just to the rear of the antennae. Two grooved possible sensory canals are present in the field, one connecting the rear and front ocelli, the other connecting the middle ocelli to the antenna socket. Present is a defined, pear-shaped Tömösváry organ located below the antenna socket and reaching the ocellar field. The antennae have a total of eight antennomeres that vary in length. The largest segment is antennomere 2, while the smallest is antennomere 7. The low ocelli numbers, differences in ocelli sizes, and varied antennomere lengths is a combination of characters only found in Stemmiulida. However, in contrast to P. elektron living species of the family do not have a Tömösváry organ.[1]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Riquelme, F.; Alvarado-Ortega, J.; Ramos-Arias, M.; Hernández, M.; Dez, I.; Lee-Whiting, T. A.; Ruvalcaba-Sil, J. L. (2013). "A fossil stemmiulid millipede (Diplopoda: Stemmiulida) from the Miocene amber of Simojovel, Chiapas, México". Historical Biology. 26 (4): 1–13. doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.778843. S2CID 85299484.
  2. ^ a b c Riquelme, F; Hernández-Patricio, M; Martínez-Dávalos, A; Rodríguez-Villafuerte, M; Montejo-Cruz, M; Alvarado-Ortega, J.; Ruvalcaba-Sil, J. L.; Zúñiga-Mijangos, L (2014). "Two Flat-Backed Polydesmidan Millipedes from the Miocene Chiapas-Amber Lagerstätte, Mexico". PLOS ONE. 9 (8 e05877): e105877. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j5877R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105877. PMC 4146559. PMID 25162220.
  3. ^ a b Riquelme, F.; Villegas-Guzmán, G.; González-Santillán, E.; Córdova-Tabares, V.; Francke, O. F.; Piedra-Jiménez, D.; Estrada-Ruiz, E.; Luna-Castro, B. (2015). "New Fossil Scorpion from the Chiapas Amber Lagerstätte". PLOS ONE. 10 (8): 1–20. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1033396R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133396. PMC 4526686. PMID 26244974.

External links edit

  •   Data related to Parastemmiulus elektron at Wikispecies

parastemmiulus, extinct, genus, millipede, family, stemmiulidae, known, from, fossil, found, mexico, there, described, species, genus, elektron, species, three, millipedes, described, from, mexican, amber, oldest, stemmiulidae, fossil, species, 2013, temporal,. Parastemmiulus is an extinct genus of millipede in the family Stemmiulidae known from a fossil found in Mexico There is one described species in the genus Parastemmiulus elektron The species is one of three millipedes described from Mexican amber and the oldest Stemmiulidae fossil species as of 2013 1 2 3 ParastemmiulusTemporal range Early Middle Miocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaSubphylum MyriapodaClass DiplopodaOrder StemmiulidaFamily StemmiulidaeGenus ParastemmiulusSpecies P elektronBinomial name Parastemmiulus elektronRiquelme et al 2013 Contents 1 History and classification 2 Description 3 References 4 External linksHistory and classification editParastemmiulus elektron was described from a solitary fossil which is preserved as an inclusion in a transparent chunk of Mexican amber At the time of description the amber specimen was housed in the fossil collection of the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia in San Cristobal de las Casas Simojovel The holotype fossil is composed of a very complete adult female recovered from the La Guadalupe Quarry 1 Mexican amber is recovered from fossil bearing rocks in the Simojovel region of Chiapas Mexico The amber dates from between 23 million years old at the oldest and 15 million years at the youngest The La Guadalupe Quarry site is an outcrop of amber bearing strata belonging to the Mazantic shale The deposits preserve a transitional river or stream environments near the coast and preserves fossils of a mangrove forest ecosystem 1 2 3 The holotype was first studied by a team of researchers headed by Francisco Riquelme of the Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos with their 2013 type description of the genus and species being published in the natural sciences journal Historical Biology The genus name is a combination of the genus Stemmiulus and para meaning along side a reference to the similarities between the two genera The specific epithet elektron was is based from the Greek word meaning amber 1 P elektron is one of three millipede species described from Mexican amber the others being Anbarrhacus adamantis and Maatidesmus paachtun while a number of other species have been described from the similarly aged Dominican amber 1 2 One possible Stemmulid fossil was described from Dominican amber however it was not complete and has been regarded as doubtful P elektron is the first Stemmulid genus described from a fossil 1 Description editThe P elektron female is reddish brown in overall coloration with the legs a brownish tone that trends to hyaline The body is composed of forty six segments and has a length of approximately 21 mm 0 83 in The ocellar field is shallow and triangular in shape with three ocelli and is positioned just to the rear of the antennae Two grooved possible sensory canals are present in the field one connecting the rear and front ocelli the other connecting the middle ocelli to the antenna socket Present is a defined pear shaped Tomosvary organ located below the antenna socket and reaching the ocellar field The antennae have a total of eight antennomeres that vary in length The largest segment is antennomere 2 while the smallest is antennomere 7 The low ocelli numbers differences in ocelli sizes and varied antennomere lengths is a combination of characters only found in Stemmiulida However in contrast to P elektron living species of the family do not have a Tomosvary organ 1 References edit a b c d e f g Riquelme F Alvarado Ortega J Ramos Arias M Hernandez M Dez I Lee Whiting T A Ruvalcaba Sil J L 2013 A fossil stemmiulid millipede Diplopoda Stemmiulida from the Miocene amber of Simojovel Chiapas Mexico Historical Biology 26 4 1 13 doi 10 1080 08912963 2013 778843 S2CID 85299484 a b c Riquelme F Hernandez Patricio M Martinez Davalos A Rodriguez Villafuerte M Montejo Cruz M Alvarado Ortega J Ruvalcaba Sil J L Zuniga Mijangos L 2014 Two Flat Backed Polydesmidan Millipedes from the Miocene Chiapas Amber Lagerstatte Mexico PLOS ONE 9 8 e05877 e105877 Bibcode 2014PLoSO 9j5877R doi 10 1371 journal pone 0105877 PMC 4146559 PMID 25162220 a b Riquelme F Villegas Guzman G Gonzalez Santillan E Cordova Tabares V Francke O F Piedra Jimenez D Estrada Ruiz E Luna Castro B 2015 New Fossil Scorpion from the Chiapas Amber Lagerstatte PLOS ONE 10 8 1 20 Bibcode 2015PLoSO 1033396R doi 10 1371 journal pone 0133396 PMC 4526686 PMID 26244974 External links edit nbsp Data related to Parastemmiulus elektron at Wikispecies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Parastemmiulus amp oldid 1194695126, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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