Armed Forces of Paraguay
The Armed Forces of Paraguay (Spanish: Fuerzas Armadas de Paraguay) officially the Armed Forces of the Nation (Spanish: Fuerzas Armadas de la Nación)[4] consist of the Paraguayan army, navy (including naval aviation and marine corps) and air force.
| Armed Forces of the Nation | |
|---|---|
| Fuerzas Armadas de la Nación | |
Paraguayan Coat of Arms | |
| Motto | Vencer o morir ("Win or die") |
| Service branches | Paraguayan Army Paraguayan Air Force Paraguayan Navy |
| Website | ffmm |
| Leadership | |
| Commander-in-chief | President Santiago Peña |
| Minister of Defense | Diogenes Martínez |
| Commander of the Armed Forces | General of the Army Óscar Arnaldo Cardozo |
| Personnel | |
| Military age | 18 |
| Available for military service | 1,678,335[1], age 16–49 (2010 est.) |
| Fit for military service | 1,409,859, age 16–49 (2010 est.) |
| Reaching military age annually | 73,367 (2010 est.) |
| Active personnel | 15,650 active military (2016)[2] 14,800 paramilitary (2012)[2] |
| Reserve personnel | 168,500 (2012)[2] |
| Expenditures | |
| Budget | $US 248 million (2011)[2] |
| Percent of GDP | 1% (2020)[3] |
| Industry | |
| Foreign suppliers | Brazil Canada France India Israel Italy Japan South Korea Russia Taiwan United States |
| Related articles | |
| Ranks | Military ranks of Paraguay |
The constitution of Paraguay establishes the president of Paraguay as the commander-in-chief.
Paraguay has compulsory military service, and all 18-year-old males and 17-year-olds in the year of their 18th birthday are liable for one year of active duty. Although the 1992 constitution allows for conscientious objection, no enabling legislation has yet been approved.
In July 2005, military aid in the form of U.S. Special Forces began arriving at Paraguay's Mariscal Estigarribia air base, a sprawling complex built in 1982.[5][6]
Army edit
In land forces the Paraguayan Army is composed of a Presidential Guards Regiment, composed two battalions (infantry and military police), an armored squadron, and a battery of field artillery, plus the operationally attached Mounted Ceremonial Squadron "Aca Caraya" (which serves independently but as the mounted escort in state events, and serves as part of the 4th Cavalry Regiment). Their equipment includes three Argentinean modified M-4 tanks, four EE-9 armored cars, four EE-11 armored personnel carriers (APCs), three M-9 half-tracks mounting 20mm guns, and four M-101 105 mm howitzers. Arguably, this "flagship" of military rule is structurally and physically the strongest of the EP. The REP is an independent unit from other commands. The EP features two artillery groups (GAC 1–12 88 mm QF-25 and GAC 2–12 105mm M-101) and one antiaircraft artillery group (GAA 13 40 mm L 40/60, Oerlikon 20 mm cannons, and six M-55 4x12, 7.0 mm).
Six battalions of combat engineers, one communications battalion, one Special Forces battalion, seven regiments of infantry, six regiments of cavalry (R.C.-2 equipped with 12 M3A1, five operational, 20 M9 half-tracks modernized and R.C.-3: 24 EE-9 Cascavels, eight EE-11 Urutu APCs plus utility trucks for motorized infantry). This has little organic aviation available to it.
Each corps has a weapons school run by its command. The logistical command manages 10 addresses materials, mobilization, health care, etc. The command of the Army Institute of Education administers three schools, commissioned and noncommissioned officers, a military academy, and the CIMEFOR (a center for pre-military study that trains Reserve officers).
Each of the nine divisions that make up the three corps has one or two regiments of infantry or cavalry, its platoon of engineers, its communications section, military police units, etc.
edit
This article needs to be updated. (November 2010) |
Although Paraguay is a landlocked country, it has a strong naval tradition by virtue of the fact that it has access to the Atlantic Ocean through the Paraguay–Paraná rivers. The Paraguayan Navy has twelve bases. The main base is the Puerto Sajonia in Asuncion, followed by Bahia Negra, Ciudad del Este, Encarnacion, Salto del Guaira. It also has facilities in Puerto Sajonia for helicopters and airplanes in SGAS. Naval personnel including Marine Corps aviation personnel, and the naval inward waters prefecture equal about 8,950. The Marine Corps have 800 marines, of which 400 are assigned to one commando unit with the rest being organized into a single battalion consisting of three companies.
In terms of vessels, the Navy has 34 surface ships, some of which have reached centenarian age. (This is due in part to limited use and floating in fresh water.) The main vessels and the flagship of the Paraguay Navy is still Paraguay, which was commissioned prior to Paraguay's involvement in the Chaco War. It has a further four patrol vessels, of which the oldest was commissioned in 1908 and the newest in 1985. The Navy has 17 patrol boats of various drafts, four of which were donated by Taiwan and the United States, while the other 13 were built locally. The rest of the fleet is composed of tugboats, barges, landing craft, transports, and a presidential yacht. The new additions are four Croc-class riverine vessels from Australia, plus 43 locally built riverline patrol vessels constructed from 2006 to 2009. For air support, one Helibras HB350 helicopter is used to provide SAR, MEDEVAC and utility work[7]
Paraguay (C1) has a sister ship, Humaita (C2), that was turned into a museum ship after she ceased operations in 1983, but hasn't functioned as such this last decade. Humaita is in poor shape. (ABC Color News, 12/28/22)
Order of battle edit
COMANFLOT: Comando de la Flota de Guerra.(Fleet Forces Command)
COMIM: Comando de Infantería de Marina.(Fleet Marine Command)
- Marine Forces Regiment
- BIM 1 - Rosario
- BIM 2 - Vallemi
- BIM 3 - Carapegua
- Marine Commando Battalion
- COMAVAN(Naval Aviation Command)
Grupo Aeronaval de Helicópteros (GAHE), Sajonia
Escuadrilla de Helicópteros de Ataque (EHA)
Escuadrilla de Propósitos Generales (EPG)
Grupo Aeronaval de Propósitos Generales (GAPROGEN)
Grupo Aeronaval de Entrenamiento (GAEN)
- COAPCOM: Comando de Apoyo al Combate.(Combat Support Command)
- CINAE: Comando de Institutos Navales y Enseñanza. (Naval Education and Training Command)
- PGN: Prefectura General Naval.(General Naval Prefecture)
Cuartel General (Command)
Estado Mayor (HQ)
Prefectura Zona Pilar (Pilar Naval Prefecture)
Prefectura Zona Alberdi (Alberdi Naval Prefecture)
Prefectura Zona Central (Central Naval Prefecture)
Prefectura Zona Concepcion (Cencepcion Naval Prefecture)
Prefectura Zona Olimpo (Olimpo Naval Prefecture)
- DIRMAT: Dirección del Material (Material Directorate)
- DIAPSER: Dirección de Apoyo al Servicio (Service Support Directorate)
As of 2022, the Commander of the Paraguayan Navy is Rear Admiral Carlos Diaz. He is "Contraalmirante, Comandante de la Flota de Guerra de la Armada". (ABC Color, 12/28/22: "Gunboat 'Humaita' returns to its normal position after worrying inclination")
Air Force edit
The air force, the newest and smallest of the services, has about 1,100 personnel as of 2012.[8] The Paraguayan Air Forces is organised in an Air Brigade of seven air groups and a brigade of paratroopers on battalion level. Almost all operating units are based in premises at Silvio Pettirossi International Airport (SGAS) in Asunción.
The units comprising the force are: the Aerotactico group (TAG) with three fighter squadrons (numbered 1 to 3), respectively equipped with the MB-326, T-33 and EMB-312. The first two are in storage or operating either by withdrawal of this aircraft. The squadron "Moros", equipped with Tucanos, has only one squadron (3 airplanes active). The Air Transport Group (GTA) operates aircraft of the CASA, DHC-6, and Beechcraft types. The Helicopter air group (HLG) has a SAR squadron, a utility squadron, and a squadron of attack craft, and is equipped with ex-Taiwanese UH-1H and Brazilian HB-350B aircraft. The Air Group Instruction (AFI) has materials and T-25 and T-35 aircraft. Photogrammetric called air group (GAF) and group aviation maintenance section (SEMAER) do not have aircraft assigned. The Parachute Brigade operates CASA aircraft. Paraguayan Helicopters constantly flew the skies of Asuncion during the visit of Pope Francis in July 2015.
Besides these groups is a command of Institutes of Education and one of regions air, this latter has nominal jurisdiction over 12 tracks and airports as six of these are considered Air Bases.[9]
Per Arasunu (December 2021-No. XVI), the magazine of the PAF, the current organizational structure:
- Comandante Interino de la Fuerza Aerea Paraguaya (CC-Gral Div Aer) -- Jefe del Estado Mayor General de la Fuerza Aerea Paraguaya (CV-Gral Div Aer) --- Comandante de la Brigada Aerea (Gral Brig Aer) --- Comandante del Comando de Regiones Aereas (Gral Brig Aer) --- Comandante Interino de la Brigada Aerotransportada "SP" (CNEL DCEM) --- Comandante Interino del Comando de Instituteos Aeronauticos de Ensenanza (CNEL DCEM) --- Comandante Interino de la Brigada Logistica (CNEL DCEM)
The current PAF/CC is Arturo Javier Gonzalez Ocampo. The PAF/CV is Ruben Dario Piris Fernandez.
Order of battle edit
- 1º Brigada Aérea (Air Brigade; Asunción/Base Aérea Ñu Guazú)
- Grupo Aerotáctico (Air Tactical Group; Asunción/Base Aérea Pettirossi)
- 1º Escuadrón de Caza 'Guaraní' (Escuadrilla 'Orion' y 'Centauro'), no longer active
- 2º Escuadrón de Caza 'Indios' (Escuadrilla 'Taurus' y 'Scorpio'), no longer active
- 3º Escuadrón de Reconocimiento y Ataque 'Moros' (Reconnaissance and Attack Squadron; Escuadrilla 'Gamma' y 'Omega'): EMB-312
- Grupo Aéreo de Instrucción (Instrucción Air Group) 'Escuadrón Fenix': T-25A
- Escuadrilla 'Antares' / 'Pantera' / 'Halcón': T-35A/B
Aircraft edit
Current inventory edit
| Aircraft | Origin | Type | Variant | In service | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combat aircraft | ||||||
| EMB 312 Tucano | Brazil | light attack / trainer | 6[10] | |||
| Reconnaissance | ||||||
| Diamond DA62 | Austria | surveillance | 1[10] | |||
| Transport aircraft | ||||||
| Cessna 208 | United States | transport | 5[10] | |||
| CASA C-212 | Spain | transport / MEDEVAC | 3[10] | |||
| Beechcraft Baron | United States | transport | 1[10] | |||
| Helicopters | ||||||
| Helibras HB350 | Brazil | utility | 1[10] | |||
| Bell UH-1 | United States | utility | UH-1H | 12[10] | ||
| Trainer aircraft | ||||||
| ENAER T-35 | Chile | basic trainer | 9[10] | |||
Retired edit
Previous notable aircraft flown were the Aermacchi MB-326, Aerotec T-23, AW F.K.8, AT-6 Harvard, Super King Air, Bell H-13 Sioux, Bell UH-1, Boeing 707, Stearman Model 75, Breda Ba.65, Bréguet 14, CANT 26, Caproni A.P.1, Caproni Ca.309, Cessna T-41, PBY Catalina, DHC-6 Twin Otter, Douglas C-47, Douglas DC-6, PT-19, Fiat CR.20, Fokker S-11, Hanriot HD.1, Hiller UH-12, Junkers A50, Lockheed T-33, Morane-Saulnier MS.760 Paris, Muniz M-9, Piper J-3 Cub, Potez 25, SPAD S.XX, Vultee BT-13 and the Wibault 7. [11][12]
Military ranks edit
Commanders edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "CIA World Fact Book "Paraguay"". cia.gov. 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- ^ a b c d IISS (2012), p. 398
- ^ "Military expenditure by country as percentage of gross domestic product, 1988-2020" (PDF). SIPRI. 2021. (PDF) from the original on 5 April 2023.
- ^ "Ley Nº 216 / ORGANIZACION GENERAL DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS DE LA NACION". Biblioteca y Archivo del Congreso de la Nación. 8 September 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
- ^ . International Relations Center. December 14, 2005. Archived from the original on 2007-06-12. Retrieved 26 October 2006.
- ^ US Marines put a foot in Paraguay 2009-03-27 at the Wayback Machine, El Clarín, September 9, 2005 (in Spanish)
- ^ "World Air Forces 2020". Flightglobal Insight. 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ^ IISS (2012), p. 399
- ^ "Paraguayan military aviation OrBat".
- ^ a b c d e f g h "World Air Forces 2023". Flightglobal Insight. 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
- ^ JSRJ 1976, p. 63.
- ^ "Paraguayan Air Force". aeroflight.co.uk. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
Bibliography edit
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (2012). "The Military Balance 2012". The Military Balance: Annual Estimates of the Nature and Size of the Military Forces of the Principal Powers. London: IISS. ISSN 0459-7222.
- Ehlers, Hartmut (2004). "The Paraguayan Navy: Past and Present". Warship International. XLI (1): 79–97. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Ehlers, Hartmut (2004). "The Paraguayan Navy: Past and Present, Part II". Warship International. XLI (2): 173–206. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Ehlers, Hartmut (2007). "The Paraguayan Navy: Past and Present, Part III". Warship International. XLIV (2): 183–214. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Joint Services Recognition Journal. London: Ministry of Defence. 1976.
- Rauch, Georg von (n.d.). "The Green Hell Air War". Air Enthusiast Quarterly (2): 207–213. ISSN 0143-5450.
- Sapienza, Antonio Luis (May 2001). "L'aviation militare paraguayenne durant la seconde guerre mondiale" [Paraguayan Military Aviation During the Second World War]. Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (98): 30–33. ISSN 1243-8650.
External links edit
- Ministry of National Defence