Early in the 20th century the paradise jacamar was placed in the monotypic genus Urogalba, but it has been in Galbula since the middle of the century.[4] It has four subspecies, the nominate Galbula dea dea, G. d. amazonum, G. d. brunneiceps, and G. d. phainopepla.[2] It is possible that they are actually clinal variations of one species.[3]
The paradise jacamar is 25.5 to 34 cm (10.0 to 13.4 in) long and weighs 25 to 32.5 g (0.88 to 1.15 oz). Both sexes of the nominate have a dark brown crown and are glossy black on the rest of the upper parts. They have a white throat and upper breast; the rest of the underparts are blackish. The other subspecies differ in a few ways. G. d. amazonum's crown is lighter and the white throat more extensive, and G. d. phainopepla is similar to it. G. d. brunneiceps's crown is lighter and its upper parts have a bronzy greenish sheen.[3]
Distribution and habitatedit
The paradise jacamar is found throughout most of the Amazon Basin. The subspecies are distributed thus:[3]
G. d. amazonum: north central Brazil south to northern Mato Grosso state and northern Bolivia.
G. d. brunneiceps: southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador and Peru, and western Brazil south of the Amazon and west of the Negro River.
G. d. phainopepla: western Brazil south of the Amazon and west of the Madeira River.
The paradise jacamar mostly inhabits terra firme, várzea, and savanna forests, both primary and secondary. It is also found in dry forest and gallery forest. It is most often found along edges or in open areas such as clearings and treefalls, and rarely in the forest interior. Unusually for a jacamar, it is mostly seen in the canopy rather than the mid level. It is most often found below 500 m (1,600 ft) of elevation but locally occurs up to 1,100 m (3,600 ft).[3]
Behavioredit
Feedingedit
The paradise jacamar's diet is primarily Lepidoptera, Odonata, Diptera, and Hymenoptera, but it also takes other flying insects. It perches on exposed branches by itself, in pairs, or in small groups and sallies out to catch its prey. It sometimes joins mixed-species foraging flocks in the canopy.[3]
Breedingedit
A pair of paradise jacamars was seen excavating a burrow in an arboreal termite nest, and pairs have often been seen near such nests. No other information about the species' breeding phenology has been recorded.[3]
Vocalizationedit
The paradise jacamar's song is "a well-spaced “peep peep peep peep peep peep pee pee pe pe”, usually descending, becoming slightly faster and weaker towards [the] end" [1]. Its calls are variously "a single 'pip', 'peeap' or 'glewweh'" [2].[3]
Statusedit
The IUCN has assessed the paradise jacamar as being of Least Concern.[1] It varies from rare to common throughout its range and has been recorded in many protected areas. "No immediate threats are known, but general habitat destruction presumably continues to reduce populations."[3]
Referencesedit
^ abBirdLife International (2016). "Galbula dea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22682221A92936005. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682221A92936005.en. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
^ abGill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (January 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.1)". Retrieved January 14, 2021.
^ abcdefghiTobias, J., T. Züchner, T.A. de Melo Júnior, G. M. Kirwan, and A. Bonan (2020). Paradise Jacamar (Galbula dea), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.parjac1.01 retrieved May 11, 2021
^Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 19 January 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved January 19, 2021
External linksedit
Paradise jacamar videos in the Internet Bird Collection
Paradise jacamar photo gallery VIREO Photo-High Res
December 15, 2023
paradise, jacamar, paradise, jacamar, galbula, species, bird, family, galbulidae, found, bolivia, brazil, ecuador, french, guiana, guyana, peru, suriname, venezuela, novo, mundo, mato, grosso, state, brazilconservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, scientific, . The paradise jacamar Galbula dea is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae It is found in Bolivia Brazil Ecuador French Guiana Guyana Peru Suriname and Venezuela 2 3 Paradise jacamarat Novo Mundo Mato Grosso State BrazilConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder PiciformesFamily GalbulidaeGenus GalbulaSpecies G deaBinomial nameGalbula dea Linnaeus 1758 SynonymsAlcedo dea Linnaeus 1758 Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Feeding 4 2 Breeding 4 3 Vocalization 5 Status 6 References 7 External linksTaxonomy and systematics editEarly in the 20th century the paradise jacamar was placed in the monotypic genus Urogalba but it has been in Galbula since the middle of the century 4 It has four subspecies the nominate Galbula dea dea G d amazonum G d brunneiceps and G d phainopepla 2 It is possible that they are actually clinal variations of one species 3 nbsp Galbula dea KeulemansDescription editThe paradise jacamar is 25 5 to 34 cm 10 0 to 13 4 in long and weighs 25 to 32 5 g 0 88 to 1 15 oz Both sexes of the nominate have a dark brown crown and are glossy black on the rest of the upper parts They have a white throat and upper breast the rest of the underparts are blackish The other subspecies differ in a few ways G d amazonum s crown is lighter and the white throat more extensive and G d phainopepla is similar to it G d brunneiceps s crown is lighter and its upper parts have a bronzy greenish sheen 3 Distribution and habitat editThe paradise jacamar is found throughout most of the Amazon Basin The subspecies are distributed thus 3 G d dea from the upper Orinoco River in southern Venezuela east through the Guianas and in Brazil north of the Amazon River G d amazonum north central Brazil south to northern Mato Grosso state and northern Bolivia G d brunneiceps southeastern Colombia eastern Ecuador and Peru and western Brazil south of the Amazon and west of the Negro River G d phainopepla western Brazil south of the Amazon and west of the Madeira River The paradise jacamar mostly inhabits terra firme varzea and savanna forests both primary and secondary It is also found in dry forest and gallery forest It is most often found along edges or in open areas such as clearings and treefalls and rarely in the forest interior Unusually for a jacamar it is mostly seen in the canopy rather than the mid level It is most often found below 500 m 1 600 ft of elevation but locally occurs up to 1 100 m 3 600 ft 3 Behavior editFeeding edit The paradise jacamar s diet is primarily Lepidoptera Odonata Diptera and Hymenoptera but it also takes other flying insects It perches on exposed branches by itself in pairs or in small groups and sallies out to catch its prey It sometimes joins mixed species foraging flocks in the canopy 3 Breeding edit A pair of paradise jacamars was seen excavating a burrow in an arboreal termite nest and pairs have often been seen near such nests No other information about the species breeding phenology has been recorded 3 Vocalization edit The paradise jacamar s song is a well spaced peep peep peep peep peep peep pee pee pe pe usually descending becoming slightly faster and weaker towards the end 1 Its calls are variously a single pip peeap or glewweh 2 3 Status editThe IUCN has assessed the paradise jacamar as being of Least Concern 1 It varies from rare to common throughout its range and has been recorded in many protected areas No immediate threats are known but general habitat destruction presumably continues to reduce populations 3 References edit a b BirdLife International 2016 Galbula dea IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22682221A92936005 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22682221A92936005 en Retrieved October 7 2023 a b Gill F Donsker D Rasmussen P January 2021 IOC World Bird List v 11 1 Retrieved January 14 2021 a b c d e f g h i Tobias J T Zuchner T A de Melo Junior G M Kirwan and A Bonan 2020 Paradise Jacamar Galbula dea version 1 0 In Birds of the World J del Hoyo A Elliott J Sargatal D A Christie and E de Juana Editors Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow parjac1 01 retrieved May 11 2021 Remsen J V Jr J I Areta E Bonaccorso S Claramunt A Jaramillo D F Lane J F Pacheco M B Robbins F G Stiles and K J Zimmer Version 19 January 2021 A classification of the bird species of South America American Ornithological Society https www museum lsu edu Remsen SACCBaseline htm retrieved January 19 2021External links editParadise jacamar videos in the Internet Bird Collection BirdLife Species Factsheet Stamps for Guyana with range map not accurate Paradise jacamar photo gallery VIREO Photo High Res Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Paradise jacamar amp oldid 1179046087, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
