Para-Mongolic is a proposed group of languages that is considered to be an extinct sister branch of the Mongolic languages. Para-Mongolic contains certain historically attested extinct languages, among them Khitan and Tuyuhun.
A timeline-based graphical representation of the Mongolic and Para-Mongolic languages
The languages of the Xiongnu, Donghu and Wuhuan might be Para-Mongolic,[1] as might those of the Xianbei and the Tuoba (the founders of the Northern Wei) and Khitan. Because the surviving evidence for Xianbei and Tuoba is very sparse, one can only hypothesize that a genetic relationship could be possible. In the case of Khitan, there is rich evidence, but most of it is written in the two Khitan scripts (large and small) that have yet to be fully deciphered. However, from the available evidence it has been concluded that a genetic relationship to Mongolic is likely.[2][3]
Juha Janhunen (2006) classified the Khitan language into the "Para-Mongolic" family, meaning that it is related to the Mongolic languages as a sister group, rather than as a direct descendant of Proto-Mongolic.[8]Alexander Vovin (2017)[9] has also identified several possible loanwords from Koreanic languages into the Khitan language.
Vovin (2015) identified the extinct Tuyuhun language as a Para-Mongolic language.[10]
Internal classification
Shimunek (2017) proposes a "Serbi–Awar" group of languages that is a sister branch of the Mongolic languages. Together, the Serbi–Awar and Mongolic languages make up the Serbi–Mongolic languages in Shimunek's classification.[6]
^Vovin, Alexander (2007). "Once again on the Tabγač language". Mongolian Studies. XXIX: 191–206.
^Chen, Sanping (2005). "Turkic or Proto-Mongolian? A Note on the Tuoba Language". Central Asiatic Journal. 49 (2): 161–73.
^ abShimunek, Andrew (2017). Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN978-3-447-10855-3. OCLC 993110372.
^Vovin, Alexander (2019). "A Sketch of the Earliest Mongolic Language: the Brāhmī Bugut and Khüis Tolgoi Inscriptions". International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics. 1 (1): 162–197. doi:10.1163/25898833-12340008. ISSN 2589-8825. S2CID 198833565.
^Vovin, Alexander (2017). "Koreanic loanwords in Khitan and their importance in the decipherment of the latter" (PDF). Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 70 (2): 207–215. doi:10.1556/062.2017.70.2.4.
^Vovin, Alexander (December 2015). "Some notes on the Tuyuhun (吐谷渾) language: in the footsteps of Paul Pelliot". Journal of Sino-Western Communications. 7 (2).
Bibliography
Andrews, Peter A. (1999). Felt tents and pavilions: the nomadic tradition and its interaction with princely tentage. Vol. 1. Melisende. ISBN1-901764-03-6.
para, mongolic, languages, para, mongolic, proposed, group, languages, that, considered, extinct, sister, branch, mongolic, languages, para, mongolic, contains, certain, historically, attested, extinct, languages, among, them, khitan, tuyuhun, para, mongolicmo. Para Mongolic is a proposed group of languages that is considered to be an extinct sister branch of the Mongolic languages Para Mongolic contains certain historically attested extinct languages among them Khitan and Tuyuhun Para MongolicMongolic KhitanSerbi Xianbei proposed GeographicdistributionMongolia northern China Lake Baikal regionLinguistic classification Serbi MongolicPara MongolicSubdivisionsKhitan Tuyuhun Tuoba Contents 1 Languages 1 1 Tuoba 1 2 Ruanruan 1 3 Khitan 1 4 Tuyuhun 2 Internal classification 3 See also 4 References 5 BibliographyLanguages Edit A timeline based graphical representation of the Mongolic and Para Mongolic languages The languages of the Xiongnu Donghu and Wuhuan might be Para Mongolic 1 as might those of the Xianbei and the Tuoba the founders of the Northern Wei and Khitan Because the surviving evidence for Xianbei and Tuoba is very sparse one can only hypothesize that a genetic relationship could be possible In the case of Khitan there is rich evidence but most of it is written in the two Khitan scripts large and small that have yet to be fully deciphered However from the available evidence it has been concluded that a genetic relationship to Mongolic is likely 2 3 Tuoba Edit Main article Tuoba language Alexander Vovin 2007 identifies the extinct Tuoba language Tabgac as a Mongolic language 4 However Chen 2005 5 argues that Tuoba was a Turkic language Shimunek classifies Tuoba as a Serbi i e para Mongolic language along with Tuyuhun and Khitan 6 Ruanruan Edit Main article Ruanruan language Alexander Vovin 2018 suggests that the Ruanruan language of the Rouran Khaganate was a Mongolic language close but not identical to Middle Mongolian 7 Khitan Edit Main article Khitan language Juha Janhunen 2006 classified the Khitan language into the Para Mongolic family meaning that it is related to the Mongolic languages as a sister group rather than as a direct descendant of Proto Mongolic 8 Alexander Vovin 2017 9 has also identified several possible loanwords from Koreanic languages into the Khitan language Tuyuhun Edit Main article Tuyuhun language Vovin 2015 identified the extinct Tuyuhun language as a Para Mongolic language 10 Internal classification EditShimunek 2017 proposes a Serbi Awar group of languages that is a sister branch of the Mongolic languages Together the Serbi Awar and Mongolic languages make up the Serbi Mongolic languages in Shimunek s classification 6 Serbi Mongolic Mongolic Serbi Awar Juha Janhunen s Para Mongolic Awar Avar Wuhuan 烏桓 or Wuwan 烏丸 Old Serbi Common Serbi Ch i fu Qifu 乞伏 northern Early Middle Chinese NEMC kʰɨrbuwk Tuan Duan 段 NEMC dɔr Taghbach Tuyuhun T u yu hun Mu jung Murong 慕容 Kitanic Yu wen Yuwen 宇文 Old Kitan Qay 奚 NEMC ɣay Shirwi proper 室韋 sirwi sirbi lt serbi 鮮卑 Xianbei See also EditXianbei Donghu peopleReferences Edit Andrews 1999 p 72 Janhunen 2003b pp 391 394 Janhunen 2003a pp 1 3 Vovin Alexander 2007 Once again on the Tabgac language Mongolian Studies XXIX 191 206 Chen Sanping 2005 Turkic or Proto Mongolian A Note on the Tuoba Language Central Asiatic Journal 49 2 161 73 a b Shimunek Andrew 2017 Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China a Historical Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi Mongolic Language Family with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology Wiesbaden Harrassowitz Verlag ISBN 978 3 447 10855 3 OCLC 993110372 Vovin Alexander 2019 A Sketch of the Earliest Mongolic Language the Brahmi Bugut and Khuis Tolgoi Inscriptions International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics 1 1 162 197 doi 10 1163 25898833 12340008 ISSN 2589 8825 S2CID 198833565 Janhunen Juha 2006 The Mongolic Languages Routledge p 393 ISBN 978 1 135 79690 7 Vovin Alexander 2017 Koreanic loanwords in Khitan and their importance in the decipherment of the latter PDF Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 70 2 207 215 doi 10 1556 062 2017 70 2 4 Vovin Alexander December 2015 Some notes on the Tuyuhun 吐谷渾 language in the footsteps of Paul Pelliot Journal of Sino Western Communications 7 2 Bibliography EditAndrews Peter A 1999 Felt tents and pavilions the nomadic tradition and its interaction with princely tentage Vol 1 Melisende ISBN 1 901764 03 6 Janhunen Juha 2003a Proto Mongolic In Janhunen J ed The Mongolic languages pp 1 29 ISBN 9780700711338 Janhunen Juha 2003b Para Mongolic In Janhunen J ed The Mongolic languages pp 391 402 ISBN 9780700711338 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Para Mongolic languages amp oldid 1117173334, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
