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Tuoba language

October 21, 2023

Tuoba (Tabγač or Tabghach; also Taγbač or Taghbach; Chinese: 拓跋) is an extinct language spoken by the Tuoba people in northern China around the 5th century AD during the Northern Wei dynasty.

Classification Edit

Alexander Vovin (2007) identifies the Tuoba language as a Mongolic language.[1]

On the other hand, Juha Janhunen proposed that the Tuoba might have spoken an Oghur Turkic language.[2] According to Peter Boodberg, the Tuoba language was essentially Turkic with Mongolic admixture.[3] Chen Sanping noted that the Tuoba language "had both" Turkic and Mongolic elements.[4][5]

Liu Xueyao stated that Tuoba may have had their own language, which should not be assumed to be identical with any other known languages.[6]

Andrew Shimunek (2017) classifies Tuoba (Tabghach) as a "Serbi" (i.e., para-Mongolic) language. Shimunek's Serbi branch also consists of the Tuyuhun and Khitan languages.[7]

Morphology Edit

Some functional suffixes are:[7]

  • *-A(y) ~ *ʁa(y) ‘verbal noun suffix’
  • *-Al ~ *-l ‘deverbal noun suffix’
  • **čɪ ~ **či ‘suffix denoting occupations’
  • **-mɔr/-mʊr (萬) ‘deverbal noun suffix’
  • **-n ‘plural suffix’

Lexicon Edit

Further information: Wiktionary:Appendix:Taghbach word list

Selected basic Taghbach words from Shimunek (2017) are listed below. Forms reconstructed using the comparative method are marked with one asterisk (*), while forms reconstructed according to the Chinese fanqie spellings and/or rhymes of the traditional Chinese philological tradition are marked with two asterisks (**) (originally marked as ✩ by Shimunek 2017).[7]

Taghbach (reconstructed form) Taghbach (original Chinese transcription) English meaning Original Chinese gloss
*agyɪl ~ *agɪl 屋引 house 房
*čʰɪrnɔ 叱奴 wolf 狼
**dɪʁa 地何 writing, book, document 書
**ɦatśir̃ 阿真 food 飲食
*ɦorbǝl 嗢盆 warmth 溫
*ɪrgɪn 俟懃 above, superior 尚
**kʰɪl- 乞 to speak -
**kʰɪr- 契 to kill someone 殺人
**kʰɪrʁayčɪn 契害真 assassins 殺人者
*ñaqañ 若干 dog 狗
*pary-al 拔列 bridge 梁
**pʰatala 破多羅 rice water 潘
*qɔw/*qəw 侯 pig, boar 亥
**tʰaʁ 托 dirt, soil, earth 土
*tʰʊʁnar 土難 mountain 山
**tʰʊʁay 吐奚 ancient 古
*uwl/*ʊwl 宥連 cloud 雲
*yirtʊqañ/*yirtʊqan 壹斗眷 bright 明
*žirpəŋ 是賁 raised earth, embankment 封
**žiʁlʊ 是樓 high, tall 高

References Edit

Citations Edit

 
Wiktionary has a word list at Appendix:Taghbach word list
  1. ^ Vovin, Alexander. "Once Again on the Tabghach Language". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ Juha Janhunen, (1996), Manchuria: An Ethnic History, p. 190
  3. ^ Holcombe, Charles (2001). The Genesis of East Asia: 221 B.C. - A.D. 907. p. 132.
  4. ^ Chen, Sanping 2005. Turkic or Proto-Mongolian? A Note on the Tuoba Language. Central Asiatic Journal 49.2: 161-73.
  5. ^ Holcombe 2001, p. 248
  6. ^ Liu Xueyao p. 83-86
  7. ^ a b c Shimunek, Andrew (2017). Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China: a Historical-Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi-Mongolic Language Family, with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-10855-3. OCLC 993110372.

Bibliography Edit

  • Liu, Xueyao (2005). 歷代胡族王朝之民族政策. 知書房出版集團. ISBN 9789867151018.
  • Liu, Xueyao (2012). 鮮卑列國：大興安嶺傳奇. 三聯書店(香港)有限公司. ISBN 9789628904327.

October 21, 2023
tuoba, language, tuoba, tabγač, tabghach, also, taγbač, taghbach, chinese, 拓跋, extinct, language, spoken, tuoba, people, northern, china, around, century, during, northern, dynasty, tuobanative, totuobaregionnorthern, china, mongolialanguage, familymongolic, p. Tuoba Tabgac or Tabghach also Tagbac or Taghbach Chinese 拓跋 is an extinct language spoken by the Tuoba people in northern China around the 5th century AD during the Northern Wei dynasty TuobaNative toTuobaRegionNorthern China and MongoliaLanguage familyMongolic or Para Mongolic Turkic language isolate TuobaLanguage codesISO 639 3 Contents 1 Classification 2 Morphology 3 Lexicon 4 References 4 1 Citations 4 2 BibliographyClassification EditAlexander Vovin 2007 identifies the Tuoba language as a Mongolic language 1 On the other hand Juha Janhunen proposed that the Tuoba might have spoken an Oghur Turkic language 2 According to Peter Boodberg the Tuoba language was essentially Turkic with Mongolic admixture 3 Chen Sanping noted that the Tuoba language had both Turkic and Mongolic elements 4 5 Liu Xueyao stated that Tuoba may have had their own language which should not be assumed to be identical with any other known languages 6 Andrew Shimunek 2017 classifies Tuoba Tabghach as a Serbi i e para Mongolic language Shimunek s Serbi branch also consists of the Tuyuhun and Khitan languages 7 Morphology EditSome functional suffixes are 7 A y ʁa y verbal noun suffix Al l deverbal noun suffix cɪ ci suffix denoting occupations mɔr mʊr 萬 deverbal noun suffix n plural suffix Lexicon EditFurther information Wiktionary Appendix Taghbach word list Selected basic Taghbach words from Shimunek 2017 are listed below Forms reconstructed using the comparative method are marked with one asterisk while forms reconstructed according to the Chinese fanqie spellings and or rhymes of the traditional Chinese philological tradition are marked with two asterisks originally marked as by Shimunek 2017 7 Taghbach reconstructed form Taghbach original Chinese transcription English meaning Original Chinese gloss agyɪl agɪl 屋引 house 房 cʰɪrnɔ 叱奴 wolf 狼 dɪʁa 地何 writing book document 書 ɦatsir 阿真 food 飲食 ɦorbǝl 嗢盆 warmth 溫 ɪrgɪn 俟懃 above superior 尚 kʰɪl 乞 to speak kʰɪr 契 to kill someone 殺人 kʰɪrʁaycɪn 契害真 assassins 殺人者 naqan 若干 dog 狗 pary al 拔列 bridge 梁 pʰatala 破多羅 rice water 潘 qɔw qew 侯 pig boar 亥 tʰaʁ 托 dirt soil earth 土 tʰʊʁnar 土難 mountain 山 tʰʊʁay 吐奚 ancient 古 uwl ʊwl 宥連 cloud 雲 yirtʊqan yirtʊqan 壹斗眷 bright 明 zirpeŋ 是賁 raised earth embankment 封 ziʁlʊ 是樓 high tall 高References EditCitations Edit nbsp Wiktionary has a word list at Appendix Taghbach word list Vovin Alexander Once Again on the Tabghach Language a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Juha Janhunen 1996 Manchuria An Ethnic History p 190 Holcombe Charles 2001 The Genesis of East Asia 221 B C A D 907 p 132 Chen Sanping 2005 Turkic or Proto Mongolian A Note on the Tuoba Language Central Asiatic Journal 49 2 161 73 Holcombe 2001 p 248 Liu Xueyao p 83 86 a b c Shimunek Andrew 2017 Languages of Ancient Southern Mongolia and North China a Historical Comparative Study of the Serbi or Xianbei Branch of the Serbi Mongolic Language Family with an Analysis of Northeastern Frontier Chinese and Old Tibetan Phonology Wiesbaden Harrassowitz Verlag ISBN 978 3 447 10855 3 OCLC 993110372 Bibliography Edit Liu Xueyao 2005 歷代胡族王朝之民族政策 知書房出版集團 ISBN 9789867151018 Liu Xueyao 2012 鮮卑列國 大興安嶺傳奇 三聯書店 香港 有限公司 ISBN 9789628904327 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tuoba language amp oldid 1173549673, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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