fbpx
Wikipedia

Palais de la Cour de Justice

January 13, 2023

The Palais de la Cour de Justice is a building complex acting as the seat of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), located in the European district of the Luxembourg City quarter of Kirchberg. Today the Palais complex encompasses the original 1973 building, now known as the Ancien Palais, which houses the court rooms of the CJEU's Court of Justice, the Anneau building, encircling the Ancien Palais, which contains the judges chambers and deliberative rooms, the three tower buildings containing the CJEU's translation services, and the Gallery building, containing the CJEU's legal library and linking all the structures of the Palais complex with the renovated three annexes (Erasmus, Thomas More and Annex C) originally constructed between 1978 and 1994 that now host the court rooms of the CJEU's General Court.

Palais de la Cour de Justice
General information
Town or cityKirchberg, Luxembourg City
CountryLuxembourg
Coordinates49°37′16″N 6°08′28″E / 49.621179°N 6.141071°E / 49.621179; 6.141071Coordinates: 49°37′16″N 6°08′28″E / 49.621179°N 6.141071°E / 49.621179; 6.141071
Current tenantsSeat of the Court of Justice of the European Union and its two component courts
Inaugurated9 January 1973; 50 years ago (1973-01-09)
Renovated1986–1989, 1989–1992, 1992–1993, 2004–2008, 2013–2019
Website
curia.europa.eu

The Palais' third tower, and latest extension to the complex, is the tallest building in Luxembourg, and, according to the CJEU, boasts the only skyscraper observation deck in the world with a view over four countries: Belgium, France, Germany and Luxembourg.

History: 1973–1994

Ancien Palais building

Today's present day CJEU has been based in Luxembourg City since its original formation in 1952 under the EU's forerunner, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) — as were, on a provisional basis, all institutions of the newly formed supranational organisation.[1] Due to the lack of suitable premises to house the new institution, it was split across three buildings: the Villa Vauban, for the chambers of the seven Judges and two Advocates General; the Hamilius Building, for the language services, and the Maison Hellinkx, for the administration and the library.[1] This arrangement was maintained until August 1959, when a building large enough to host all departments, located on the Côte d'Eich, was made available by the State. However, following the Luxembourg government's decision to re-develop the Luxembourg City quarter of Kirchberg as a district dedicated to the European Communities (EC) — of which, despite their separate nature, the Court had become their sole judicial arbiter — it was decided to relocate the institution to the plateau.[1]

The original Palais building, now known as the Ancien Palais building, was the first building of the EC to be designed through an architectural competition.[2] Luxembourg architects, who could invite foreign partners proposed seventeen different projects. A jury composed of architects from neighbouring Belgium, France and Germany, rejected the most extreme designs.[2] The Luxembourg government desired a design that would be symbolic of venture for European unity. The winning design, submitted by Jean Paul Consemius of Luxembourg, with François Jamagne and Michel Vande Elst of Belgium, was inspired by classical Greek architecture.[2] The building, which opened in 1973, featured an isolated horizontal building reminiscent of an Ancient Greek temple at the top of a slope. In a tribute to Luxembourg's steel industry, the building was to be clad in Corox steel, which would require little maintenance.[2]

Annexes: the first to third extensions

 
Annex C with its fortress-like form.

Between 1978 and 1994, three annexes were added to the complex, designed by Luxembourg-based architects Bohadan Paczowski, Jean Herr, Gilbert Huyberecht, Bohdan Paczowski, and Paul Fritsch, with Isabelle van Driessche joining for the third; the Erasmus, Thomas More, and Annex C buildings.[3][4] In order to preserve the original intent of the court as a Greek temple, these were placed down-slope from the Ancien Palais building.[4] The first of these, the Erasmus building, was constructed between 1986 and 1989 around an axial symmetry design.[4] This was closely followed by two buildings based around orthogonal designs, the Thomas More Building, constructed between 1989 and 1992, and lastly, the Annex C building with its four turrets, constructed between 1992 and 1993.[4] Architectural historian Carolina Hein notes that the designs were also influenced by the style of the edifices of the various financial institutions that had begun to cement their presence in Luxembourg City, as can be seen with the pink granite cladding present on all three of the annexes.[4]

The Erasmus and Thomas More building's namesakes, are Renaissance-era philosophers and scholars: respectively, Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, and Sir Thomas More.

The Palais today

Fourth extension and renovations

Even prior to completion of the third annex, in October 1988 the Council of the then European Communities authorised the need for a fourth extension, recognising the need for office space to cope with an increasing workflow and the future demands of additional staff caused by future possible enlargements.[5] In 1996, this task was awarded to Paris-based architect Dominique Perrault following an architectural competition. The existence of asbestos in the Ancien Palais building, as well as outdated office arrangements in a building designed prior to the incorporation of modern IT services would require the gutting of the internals of the existing structures. Asbestos removal work began in 2000, with a ground-breaking ceremony held in 2002, and construction works on the fourth extension only beginning in earnest in 2004, and lasting until 2008, with the inauguration ceremony occurring on 4 December of that year.[6][7] Subsequent renovation works on the three annex buildings also occurred.

The most striking adaptations brought by Perrault's design to the present day Palais include his decision to build vertically due to space constraints, and the striking use of the colour gold on the façades and interior finishing's of the building. Of the latter, Perrault has claimed that this is a reflection of the CJEU's role as a "constitutional" — rather than a criminal — court.[8] Perrault has also spoken of his desire to demonstrate, via his designs, a blend of two distinctive styles: the iconic and ritualistic, with the transparent and modern.[9]

Anneau

 
The Anneau building as seen from the complex's forecourt.

Due to the space constraints posed by the development of other buildings on the Kirchberg plateau since the original construction of the Court, and in order to preserve the original intent of the Ancien Palais building as Greek temple, Perrault's design sees the Ancien Palais building encircled at a distance of 15 m by a two-storey building resting on 116 10 m tall stilts, and referred to as the "Anneau" or, in English, "the Ring".[10] Whilst the Ancien Palais is dedicated to the public side of justice, featuring several court rooms including the Grand Chamber, the Anneau is reserved for the hearing rooms and chambers of the judges.[10]

A renovated Ancien Palais and courtrooms

 
Main courtroom of the Ancien Palais. Interpreters booths, such as those seen here facing onto either side of the chamber, can be found in all courtrooms of the CJEU, with the possibility of proceedings being simultaneously translated into any of the 24 official languages of the EU.

Reflecting the increasing division of labour between the CJEU's two component courts, the Ancien Palais building was, during renovations, dedicated to proceedings of the Court of Justice, whilst the General Court — then still known as the Court of First Instance — was moved to the Thomas More building, later renovated in 2013. To symbolise the Court of Justice's status as the overall arbiter of EU law, Perrault placed the main court room centrally within the renovated Ancien Palais. When entering the building from the CJEU's forecourt, public visitors are met with the site of a shimmering golden veil draped over the main court room, and acting as its ceiling — a contemporary interpretation of the classic dome.[11] Composed from 40 trapezoidal, bronze anodized woven fabric panels, Perrault remarked that the idea was his solution to bringing warmth and daylight into the proceedings of the Court, without providing outside views that may distract the judges.[8][11][12] To complement this, the main court room features wood-lined walls and purple carpets, as is also seen in the four other smaller court rooms of the Ancien Palais building.[8]

Connecting all five court rooms of the Ancien Palais building are large, open interconnecting waiting halls, known as "salles des Pas Perdus" (fr) — literally translating into English as "the halls of lost steps".[13]

Tower A and B buildings

The planned 2004 expansion of the EU from 15 to 25 states, as well as envisioned future enlargements posed particular challenges in finding office space to hold the CJEU's translation services, critical to the functioning of the institution. To meet this challenge and deal with space constraints, Perrault proposed the addition of two 24-storey, 107 m tall towers as part of the fourth extension to the Palais complex.[14][15] The two towers feature a golden façade composed of 7,724 gold-anodized aluminium mesh panels bent into a zigzag shape to offer maximum opaqueness from the outside.[11][12] The two towers were originally designed to afford each of the 24 language units of the CJEU's translation services its own space over two floors linked by a spiral staircase.[14]

Gallery and library

To provide a secure, internal structural link between the Anneau, Ancien Palais, the three Annex buildings, and Towers Perrault designed the Gallery, whose principle component is a glass-roofed indoor street, 300 m long, 8 m wide, and 9.85 m high.[16] As well as providing staff with access to a number of facilities, including a bank, 14 training rooms, a newspaper kiosk and self-service restaurant, the Gallery also houses the CJEU's library.[16] The library opens up onto the Gallery's street over a 70 m distance, and occupies the full height of the structure, containing a three-storey reading room with 80 ergonomic reading stations.[16] The library's collection counts more than 150,000 volumes, with 70,000 covering EU periodicals, EU, comparative and international law and the law of EU Member States being available in the library itself.[16] A further 80,000 volumes covering the laws of certain non-EU Member States, official journals and court reports of EU Member States, and dictionaries are stored in the basement of Tower B, directly accessible via a covered walkway from the library's reading room.[16]

 
The Gallery and library seen here during a public opening to celebrate Europe Day.

Fifth extension

Tower C building

Also designed by Perrault, the fifth and most recent extension to the Palais complex was inaugurated on 19 September 2019, consisting of a third high-rise, known as Tower C, providing for additional office space for the CJEU's translation services and administration.[17] Standing parallel to — but at a slight angle from — Towers A and B, this addition to the complex was planned during the fourth extension to take place at a later date. The 29 storey, 118 m tall tower is the tallest structure in Luxembourg, taking over from the prior record holders, the Palais' complex's Towers A and B buildings.[18][15] Tower C is composed of two structures, adjoining and offset, with the shorter structure, having the same profile and height as Towers A and B, featuring the same anodized aluminium golden-coloured façade, and the taller structure featuring a contrasting black façade.[19] Its 27th floor features an observation deck, which it is claimed by the CJEU, is the only one of its kind on Earth offering a view of four countries; Belgium, France, Germany and Luxembourg.[20]

 
From left to right, Towers C, B and A.

Grounds

Following the completion of the Palais complex's fourth extension, and during renovation works on the Annexes circa 2013, construction efforts were undertaken to ensure that the complex could be still be accessed via rue du Fort Niedergrünewald, which had been raised to the level of Avenue John F. Kennedy, as part of general urban redevelopment plans for Kirchberg.[18][19] This included removing a footbridge to the upper storey of the Palais' Erasmus building, which had previously spanned the road.

Landscaping works are currently underway to provide the court with a "multilingualism garden", using some of the land adjacent to the complex left derelict following the demolition of the European Commission's original Jean Monnet building.[20] This coincides with the CJEU's desire to make its surroundings more attractive and open to the public, including by replacing its current perimeter fence with a glass security barrier.[20]

References

  1. ^ a b c "CURIA - 1952 - 1972". Europa (web portal). Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Hein 2004, p. 122.
  3. ^ "European Court of Justice". luxembourg-city.com. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e Hein 2004, p. 127.
  5. ^ "CURIA - The beginnings of the project to construct new buildings - 1994". Europa (web portal). Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  6. ^ "Dossier de presse: Inauguration du Nouveau Palais de la Cour de Justice des Communautés Européennes" (PDF). gouvernement.lu (in French). Luxembourg Government. 4 December 2008. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  7. ^ "Inauguration du nouveau palais de la Cour de justice des Communautés européennes". gouvernement.lu (in French). 3 December 2008. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  8. ^ a b c "Dominique Perrault Architecture - Court of Justice of the European Union". perraultarchitecture.com. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  9. ^ "Inauguration: 115 metre tall tower for the European Court of Justice". today.rtl.lu. 19 September 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  10. ^ a b "CURIA - The Anneau". Europa (web portal). Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  11. ^ a b c "European Court of Justice | GKD Metal Fabrics". Archello (in French). Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  12. ^ a b "GKDMetalFabrics | Metal Mesh Revamps European Court of Justice Into Golden Beacon". www.gkdmetalfabrics.com. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  13. ^ "CURIA - The original Palais". Europa (web portal). Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  14. ^ a b "CURIA - The Towers". Europa (web portal). Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  15. ^ a b "Cour de Justice Complex - The Skyscraper Center". skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  16. ^ a b c d e "CURIA - The Gallery". Europa (web portal). Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  17. ^ "Inauguration of the Fifth Extension of the Building Complex of the Court Of Justice of the European Union" (PDF) (Press release). Luxembourg: Court of Justice of the European Union. 19 September 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  18. ^ a b CJEU 2020, p. 24.
  19. ^ a b "Dominique Perrault Architecture - 5e extension de la Cour de Justice de l'Union Européenne". perraultarchitecture.com (in French). Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  20. ^ a b c Grunwald, Aaron (17 October 2019). "1st public visit of Tower C; Biltgen outlines improvements". delano.lu. Retrieved 17 July 2021.

Bibliography

  • Hein, Carola (2004). The Capital of Europe: Architecture and Urban Planning for the European Union. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-97874-7.
  • Court of Justice of the European Union: ensuring the protection of EU law (PDF). Luxembourg: Court of Justice of the European Union / Communications Directorate / Electronic Publications and Media Unit. March 2020. doi:10.2862/815100. ISBN 978-92-829-3257-5.

External links

January 13, 2023
palais, cour, justice, building, complex, acting, seat, court, justice, european, union, cjeu, located, european, district, luxembourg, city, quarter, kirchberg, today, palais, complex, encompasses, original, 1973, building, known, ancien, palais, which, house. The Palais de la Cour de Justice is a building complex acting as the seat of the Court of Justice of the European Union CJEU located in the European district of the Luxembourg City quarter of Kirchberg Today the Palais complex encompasses the original 1973 building now known as the Ancien Palais which houses the court rooms of the CJEU s Court of Justice the Anneau building encircling the Ancien Palais which contains the judges chambers and deliberative rooms the three tower buildings containing the CJEU s translation services and the Gallery building containing the CJEU s legal library and linking all the structures of the Palais complex with the renovated three annexes Erasmus Thomas More and Annex C originally constructed between 1978 and 1994 that now host the court rooms of the CJEU s General Court Palais de la Cour de JusticeGeneral informationTown or cityKirchberg Luxembourg CityCountryLuxembourgCoordinates49 37 16 N 6 08 28 E 49 621179 N 6 141071 E 49 621179 6 141071 Coordinates 49 37 16 N 6 08 28 E 49 621179 N 6 141071 E 49 621179 6 141071Current tenantsSeat of the Court of Justice of the European Union and its two component courtsInaugurated9 January 1973 50 years ago 1973 01 09 Renovated1986 1989 1989 1992 1992 1993 2004 2008 2013 2019Websitecuria europa euThe Palais third tower and latest extension to the complex is the tallest building in Luxembourg and according to the CJEU boasts the only skyscraper observation deck in the world with a view over four countries Belgium France Germany and Luxembourg Contents 1 History 1973 1994 1 1 Ancien Palais building 1 2 Annexes the first to third extensions 2 The Palais today 2 1 Fourth extension and renovations 2 1 1 Anneau 2 1 2 A renovated Ancien Palais and courtrooms 2 1 3 Tower A and B buildings 2 1 4 Gallery and library 2 2 Fifth extension 2 2 1 Tower C building 2 3 Grounds 3 References 4 Bibliography 5 External linksHistory 1973 1994 EditAncien Palais building Edit Today s present day CJEU has been based in Luxembourg City since its original formation in 1952 under the EU s forerunner the European Coal and Steel Community ECSC as were on a provisional basis all institutions of the newly formed supranational organisation 1 Due to the lack of suitable premises to house the new institution it was split across three buildings the Villa Vauban for the chambers of the seven Judges and two Advocates General the Hamilius Building for the language services and the Maison Hellinkx for the administration and the library 1 This arrangement was maintained until August 1959 when a building large enough to host all departments located on the Cote d Eich was made available by the State However following the Luxembourg government s decision to re develop the Luxembourg City quarter of Kirchberg as a district dedicated to the European Communities EC of which despite their separate nature the Court had become their sole judicial arbiter it was decided to relocate the institution to the plateau 1 The original Palais building now known as the Ancien Palais building was the first building of the EC to be designed through an architectural competition 2 Luxembourg architects who could invite foreign partners proposed seventeen different projects A jury composed of architects from neighbouring Belgium France and Germany rejected the most extreme designs 2 The Luxembourg government desired a design that would be symbolic of venture for European unity The winning design submitted by Jean Paul Consemius of Luxembourg with Francois Jamagne and Michel Vande Elst of Belgium was inspired by classical Greek architecture 2 The building which opened in 1973 featured an isolated horizontal building reminiscent of an Ancient Greek temple at the top of a slope In a tribute to Luxembourg s steel industry the building was to be clad in Corox steel which would require little maintenance 2 Annexes the first to third extensions Edit Annex C with its fortress like form Between 1978 and 1994 three annexes were added to the complex designed by Luxembourg based architects Bohadan Paczowski Jean Herr Gilbert Huyberecht Bohdan Paczowski and Paul Fritsch with Isabelle van Driessche joining for the third the Erasmus Thomas More and Annex C buildings 3 4 In order to preserve the original intent of the court as a Greek temple these were placed down slope from the Ancien Palais building 4 The first of these the Erasmus building was constructed between 1986 and 1989 around an axial symmetry design 4 This was closely followed by two buildings based around orthogonal designs the Thomas More Building constructed between 1989 and 1992 and lastly the Annex C building with its four turrets constructed between 1992 and 1993 4 Architectural historian Carolina Hein notes that the designs were also influenced by the style of the edifices of the various financial institutions that had begun to cement their presence in Luxembourg City as can be seen with the pink granite cladding present on all three of the annexes 4 The Erasmus and Thomas More building s namesakes are Renaissance era philosophers and scholars respectively Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam and Sir Thomas More The Palais today EditFourth extension and renovations Edit Even prior to completion of the third annex in October 1988 the Council of the then European Communities authorised the need for a fourth extension recognising the need for office space to cope with an increasing workflow and the future demands of additional staff caused by future possible enlargements 5 In 1996 this task was awarded to Paris based architect Dominique Perrault following an architectural competition The existence of asbestos in the Ancien Palais building as well as outdated office arrangements in a building designed prior to the incorporation of modern IT services would require the gutting of the internals of the existing structures Asbestos removal work began in 2000 with a ground breaking ceremony held in 2002 and construction works on the fourth extension only beginning in earnest in 2004 and lasting until 2008 with the inauguration ceremony occurring on 4 December of that year 6 7 Subsequent renovation works on the three annex buildings also occurred The most striking adaptations brought by Perrault s design to the present day Palais include his decision to build vertically due to space constraints and the striking use of the colour gold on the facades and interior finishing s of the building Of the latter Perrault has claimed that this is a reflection of the CJEU s role as a constitutional rather than a criminal court 8 Perrault has also spoken of his desire to demonstrate via his designs a blend of two distinctive styles the iconic and ritualistic with the transparent and modern 9 Anneau Edit The Anneau building as seen from the complex s forecourt Due to the space constraints posed by the development of other buildings on the Kirchberg plateau since the original construction of the Court and in order to preserve the original intent of the Ancien Palais building as Greek temple Perrault s design sees the Ancien Palais building encircled at a distance of 15 m by a two storey building resting on 116 10 m tall stilts and referred to as the Anneau or in English the Ring 10 Whilst the Ancien Palais is dedicated to the public side of justice featuring several court rooms including the Grand Chamber the Anneau is reserved for the hearing rooms and chambers of the judges 10 A renovated Ancien Palais and courtrooms Edit Main courtroom of the Ancien Palais Interpreters booths such as those seen here facing onto either side of the chamber can be found in all courtrooms of the CJEU with the possibility of proceedings being simultaneously translated into any of the 24 official languages of the EU Reflecting the increasing division of labour between the CJEU s two component courts the Ancien Palais building was during renovations dedicated to proceedings of the Court of Justice whilst the General Court then still known as the Court of First Instance was moved to the Thomas More building later renovated in 2013 To symbolise the Court of Justice s status as the overall arbiter of EU law Perrault placed the main court room centrally within the renovated Ancien Palais When entering the building from the CJEU s forecourt public visitors are met with the site of a shimmering golden veil draped over the main court room and acting as its ceiling a contemporary interpretation of the classic dome 11 Composed from 40 trapezoidal bronze anodized woven fabric panels Perrault remarked that the idea was his solution to bringing warmth and daylight into the proceedings of the Court without providing outside views that may distract the judges 8 11 12 To complement this the main court room features wood lined walls and purple carpets as is also seen in the four other smaller court rooms of the Ancien Palais building 8 Connecting all five court rooms of the Ancien Palais building are large open interconnecting waiting halls known as salles des Pas Perdus fr literally translating into English as the halls of lost steps 13 Tower A and B buildings Edit The planned 2004 expansion of the EU from 15 to 25 states as well as envisioned future enlargements posed particular challenges in finding office space to hold the CJEU s translation services critical to the functioning of the institution To meet this challenge and deal with space constraints Perrault proposed the addition of two 24 storey 107 m tall towers as part of the fourth extension to the Palais complex 14 15 The two towers feature a golden facade composed of 7 724 gold anodized aluminium mesh panels bent into a zigzag shape to offer maximum opaqueness from the outside 11 12 The two towers were originally designed to afford each of the 24 language units of the CJEU s translation services its own space over two floors linked by a spiral staircase 14 Gallery and library Edit To provide a secure internal structural link between the Anneau Ancien Palais the three Annex buildings and Towers Perrault designed the Gallery whose principle component is a glass roofed indoor street 300 m long 8 m wide and 9 85 m high 16 As well as providing staff with access to a number of facilities including a bank 14 training rooms a newspaper kiosk and self service restaurant the Gallery also houses the CJEU s library 16 The library opens up onto the Gallery s street over a 70 m distance and occupies the full height of the structure containing a three storey reading room with 80 ergonomic reading stations 16 The library s collection counts more than 150 000 volumes with 70 000 covering EU periodicals EU comparative and international law and the law of EU Member States being available in the library itself 16 A further 80 000 volumes covering the laws of certain non EU Member States official journals and court reports of EU Member States and dictionaries are stored in the basement of Tower B directly accessible via a covered walkway from the library s reading room 16 The Gallery and library seen here during a public opening to celebrate Europe Day Fifth extension Edit Tower C building Edit Also designed by Perrault the fifth and most recent extension to the Palais complex was inaugurated on 19 September 2019 consisting of a third high rise known as Tower C providing for additional office space for the CJEU s translation services and administration 17 Standing parallel to but at a slight angle from Towers A and B this addition to the complex was planned during the fourth extension to take place at a later date The 29 storey 118 m tall tower is the tallest structure in Luxembourg taking over from the prior record holders the Palais complex s Towers A and B buildings 18 15 Tower C is composed of two structures adjoining and offset with the shorter structure having the same profile and height as Towers A and B featuring the same anodized aluminium golden coloured facade and the taller structure featuring a contrasting black facade 19 Its 27th floor features an observation deck which it is claimed by the CJEU is the only one of its kind on Earth offering a view of four countries Belgium France Germany and Luxembourg 20 From left to right Towers C B and A Grounds Edit Following the completion of the Palais complex s fourth extension and during renovation works on the Annexes circa 2013 construction efforts were undertaken to ensure that the complex could be still be accessed via rue du Fort Niedergrunewald which had been raised to the level of Avenue John F Kennedy as part of general urban redevelopment plans for Kirchberg 18 19 This included removing a footbridge to the upper storey of the Palais Erasmus building which had previously spanned the road Landscaping works are currently underway to provide the court with a multilingualism garden using some of the land adjacent to the complex left derelict following the demolition of the European Commission s original Jean Monnet building 20 This coincides with the CJEU s desire to make its surroundings more attractive and open to the public including by replacing its current perimeter fence with a glass security barrier 20 References Edit a b c CURIA 1952 1972 Europa web portal Retrieved 17 July 2021 a b c d Hein 2004 p 122 European Court of Justice luxembourg city com Retrieved 18 July 2021 a b c d e Hein 2004 p 127 CURIA The beginnings of the project to construct new buildings 1994 Europa web portal Retrieved 17 July 2021 Dossier de presse Inauguration du Nouveau Palais de la Cour de Justice des Communautes Europeennes PDF gouvernement lu in French Luxembourg Government 4 December 2008 Retrieved 17 July 2021 Inauguration du nouveau palais de la Cour de justice des Communautes europeennes gouvernement lu in French 3 December 2008 Retrieved 17 July 2021 a b c Dominique Perrault Architecture Court of Justice of the European Union perraultarchitecture com Retrieved 17 July 2021 Inauguration 115 metre tall tower for the European Court of Justice today rtl lu 19 September 2019 Retrieved 17 July 2021 a b CURIA The Anneau Europa web portal Retrieved 17 July 2021 a b c European Court of Justice GKD Metal Fabrics Archello in French Retrieved 17 July 2021 a b GKDMetalFabrics Metal Mesh Revamps European Court of Justice Into Golden Beacon www gkdmetalfabrics com Retrieved 17 July 2021 CURIA The original Palais Europa web portal Retrieved 17 July 2021 a b CURIA The Towers Europa web portal Retrieved 17 July 2021 a b Cour de Justice Complex The Skyscraper Center skyscrapercenter com Retrieved 17 July 2021 a b c d e CURIA The Gallery Europa web portal Retrieved 17 July 2021 Inauguration of the Fifth Extension of the Building Complex of the Court Of Justice of the European Union PDF Press release Luxembourg Court of Justice of the European Union 19 September 2019 Retrieved 17 July 2021 a b CJEU 2020 p 24 a b Dominique Perrault Architecture 5e extension de la Cour de Justice de l Union Europeenne perraultarchitecture com in French Retrieved 17 July 2021 a b c Grunwald Aaron 17 October 2019 1st public visit of Tower C Biltgen outlines improvements delano lu Retrieved 17 July 2021 Bibliography EditHein Carola 2004 The Capital of Europe Architecture and Urban Planning for the European Union Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 978 0 275 97874 7 Court of Justice of the European Union ensuring the protection of EU law PDF Luxembourg Court of Justice of the European Union Communications Directorate Electronic Publications and Media Unit March 2020 doi 10 2862 815100 ISBN 978 92 829 3257 5 External links EditOfficial website including virtual tour Palais de la Cour de Justice CTBUH Skyscraper Center Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Palais de la Cour de Justice amp oldid 1127057046, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.