Phari
Phari[1] or Pagri[2] (Tibetan: ཕག་རི, Wylie: phag ri; Chinese: 帕里镇; pinyin: Pàlǐ Zhèn) is a town in Yadong County[3] in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China near the border with Bhutan. The border can be accessed through a secret road/trail connecting Tsento Gewog in Bhutan (27°41′56″N 89°11′21″E / 27.698912°N 89.189139°E) known as Tremo La. As of 2004[update] the town had a population of 2,121.[citation needed] It is one of the highest towns in the world, being about 4,300 m (14,100 ft) above sea-level at the head of the Chumbi Valley.[4]
Phari Pagri | |
|---|---|
Phari Location in the Tibet Autonomous Region | |
| Coordinates: 27°43′06″N 89°09′18″E / 27.7182°N 89.1550°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Autonomous region | Tibet Autonomous Region |
| Prefecture-level city | Shigatse |
| County | Yadong |
| Population (2004) | |
| • Total | 2,121 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (CST) |
History edit
Thomas Manning, the first Englishman to reach Lhasa, visited Pagri from 21 September until 5 November 1811 and had this to say about his room in the town: "Dirt, dirt, grease, smoke. Misery, but good mutton."[5][4] The Pagri Fortress (Dzong) was located here and was important for the government as it stood between Tibet and Bhutan. Pagri was a staging area en route to Gyantse and ultimately Lhasa.
Thubten Ngodup, the current Nechung Oracle, was born in Phari in 1957.
Gallery edit
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- Phari Dzong in 1903 during British Younghusband invasion of Tibet
- Phari Dzong, 1938
- "Phari Dzong" sheet- topographic map printed by the US Army Map Service, Corps of Engineers, February, 1963
Climate edit
Owing to its extreme altitude, Pagri has an alpine climate (Köppen ETH) that is too cold to permit the growth of trees, even though the altitude is still marginally too low for the formation of permafrost. Example Mount Fuji in Japan, Uelen in Russia and Longyearbyen in Svalbard Norway. The winter is severe in spite of the fact that no month has daytime maxima below 0 °C (32 °F), and also very dry and long, extending as late as May. Snowfall, however, is rare because of the dryness. Summers, during which the great majority of precipitation occurs, are cool even at their warmest and consistently damp, even though the Himalayas prevent falls from ever being heavy.
| Climate data for Pagri (1981-2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.7 (58.5) | 13.8 (56.8) | 15.4 (59.7) | 16.6 (61.9) | 16.5 (61.7) | 18.1 (64.6) | 18.6 (65.5) | 17.3 (63.1) | 16.4 (61.5) | 16.8 (62.2) | 16.4 (61.5) | 13.2 (55.8) | 18.6 (65.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.9 (33.6) | 1.4 (34.5) | 3.9 (39.0) | 7.0 (44.6) | 10.0 (50.0) | 12.5 (54.5) | 12.8 (55.0) | 12.7 (54.9) | 11.4 (52.5) | 8.2 (46.8) | 5.3 (41.5) | 3.2 (37.8) | 7.4 (45.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −8.7 (16.3) | −7.1 (19.2) | −3.7 (25.3) | 0.0 (32.0) | 3.5 (38.3) | 7.0 (44.6) | 7.9 (46.2) | 7.5 (45.5) | 5.8 (42.4) | 0.9 (33.6) | −4.1 (24.6) | −7.4 (18.7) | 0.1 (32.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −17.2 (1.0) | −15.0 (5.0) | −10.4 (13.3) | −5.5 (22.1) | −1.3 (29.7) | 3.0 (37.4) | 4.4 (39.9) | 4.0 (39.2) | 1.8 (35.2) | −4.9 (23.2) | −11.7 (10.9) | −16.1 (3.0) | −5.7 (21.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −28.7 (−19.7) | −28.4 (−19.1) | −29.8 (−21.6) | −20.2 (−4.4) | −12.5 (9.5) | −5.7 (21.7) | −1.1 (30.0) | −2.1 (28.2) | −6.5 (20.3) | −21.5 (−6.7) | −26.2 (−15.2) | −27.4 (−17.3) | −29.8 (−21.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 5.0 (0.20) | 8.8 (0.35) | 21.8 (0.86) | 27.9 (1.10) | 31.0 (1.22) | 57.1 (2.25) | 104.8 (4.13) | 95.7 (3.77) | 54.2 (2.13) | 27.9 (1.10) | 4.5 (0.18) | 2.8 (0.11) | 441.5 (17.4) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.8 | 4.9 | 9.4 | 12.9 | 17.4 | 21.7 | 27.3 | 27.4 | 21.5 | 7.1 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 155.7 |
| Source: Weather China[6] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Phari (1991−2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) | 2.2 (36.0) | 4.5 (40.1) | 7.2 (45.0) | 9.8 (49.6) | 12.5 (54.5) | 13.0 (55.4) | 12.8 (55.0) | 11.7 (53.1) | 8.5 (47.3) | 6.3 (43.3) | 4.1 (39.4) | 7.8 (46.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −8.2 (17.2) | −6.6 (20.1) | −3.1 (26.4) | 0.4 (32.7) | 3.7 (38.7) | 7.3 (45.1) | 8.4 (47.1) | 8.0 (46.4) | 6.2 (43.2) | 1.3 (34.3) | −3.3 (26.1) | −6.4 (20.5) | 0.6 (33.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −16.8 (1.8) | −14.6 (5.7) | −9.6 (14.7) | −4.8 (23.4) | −0.8 (30.6) | 3.7 (38.7) | 5.2 (41.4) | 4.7 (40.5) | 2.5 (36.5) | −4.2 (24.4) | −10.7 (12.7) | −15.0 (5.0) | −5.0 (23.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 6.2 (0.24) | 10.8 (0.43) | 24.1 (0.95) | 28.8 (1.13) | 39.8 (1.57) | 49.4 (1.94) | 101.1 (3.98) | 99.8 (3.93) | 51.5 (2.03) | 20.8 (0.82) | 4.2 (0.17) | 2.0 (0.08) | 438.5 (17.27) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.3 | 5.2 | 10.2 | 12.6 | 16.1 | 21.4 | 27.5 | 27.1 | 20.6 | 7.1 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 153.7 |
| Average snowy days | 6.1 | 8.8 | 14.0 | 17.1 | 12.2 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 6.2 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 73.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 51 | 58 | 64 | 69 | 73 | 77 | 82 | 82 | 80 | 71 | 60 | 48 | 68 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 273.1 | 251.1 | 263.5 | 232.4 | 207.1 | 157.1 | 140.6 | 153.2 | 156.5 | 239.5 | 271.3 | 278.9 | 2,624.3 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 83 | 79 | 70 | 60 | 49 | 38 | 33 | 38 | 43 | 68 | 85 | 87 | 61 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[7] | |||||||||||||
References edit
- ^ Shakabpa, Tsepon Wangchuk Deden (1984) [first published Yale University Press 1967], Tibet: A Political History, New York: Potala Publications, ISBN 0-9611474-0-7
- ^ Das, Sarat Chandra (1904), Journey to Lhasa and Central Tibet, John Murray
- ^ 2017年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：亚东县 (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2017. Retrieved 2018-11-16.
统计用区划代码 名称 540233100000 下司马镇 540233101000 帕里镇 540233200000 下亚东乡 540233201000 堆纳乡 540233202000 上亚东乡 540233203000 吉汝乡 540233204000 康布乡
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 346.
- ^ Markham, Clements (1876). Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle to Tibet and of the Journey of Thomas Manning to Lhasa. London: Trubner & Co., Ludgate Hill. p. 216.
- ^ . Weather China. 2011. Archived from the original on 2023-04-20. Retrieved on December 3, 2011.
- ^ . China Meteorological Administration. 2023-04-20. Archived from the original on 2023-04-17.