Pachyrhizodus is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish that lived during the Cretaceous to Paleocene[1] in what is now Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania. Many species are known, primarily from the Cretaceous of England and the midwestern United States.[2]
Pachyrhizodus fossils were first collected from Cambridgeshire, England in the 1840s and were very fragmentary, only a partial maxilla (SMB.9097) and were described as a species of Raphiosaurus in 1842 by Richard Owen. The type remains of Pachyrhizodus consisted of a maxilla (BMNH 49014) from the Lower Cretaceous of Sussex, England and was originally thought to be a mandible that Louis Agassiz dubbed Pachyrhizodus in 1850,[3] with Frederick Dixon creating the species name basalis for the specimen.[3] Over the next few years, many Pachyrhizodus species would be named only from England until in 1872, Edward Drinker Cope described large remains from the Smoky Hill Chalk of Kansas of several new species.[4] During the 19th century, several complete and partial skeletons of Pachyrhizodus were collected from England, many of which belonging to P. basalis and P. subulidens.[2] In 1899, Alban Stewart described the mandibles of another species, P. minimus, from Kansas and it is the most commonly discovered species of Pachyrhizodus.[5][6] Since the 19th century, many complete skeletons and species have been described from many regions.[7][8]P. caninus specifically has been discovered in the United States, Mexico, and New Zealand.[9][10][8]
Referencesedit
^Cope, K. H., Utgaard, J.E., Masters, J.M., and Feldmann, R., 2005, The fauna of the Clayton Formation (Paleocene, Danian) of southern Illinois: A case of K/P survivorship and Danian recovery: Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum, v. 32, p. 97–108.
^ abForey, P. L. (1977). The osteology of Notelops Woodward, Rhacolepis Agassiz and Pachyrhizodus Dixon (Pisces: Teleostei), Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Geol.), 28, 125–204.
^ abDixon, F. (1850): Geology and Fossils of the Tertiary and Cretaceous Formations of Sussex. – 422 pp.; London (Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans).
^Cope, E. D, 1872, On the families of fishes of the Cretaceous Formation of Kansas: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, v. 12, p. 327-357.
^Stewart, A. (1899). Pachyrhizodus minimus, a new species of fish from the Cretaceous of Kansas. Kansas University Quarterly, 8(1), 37-38.
^Everhart, M. J., (2005) Oceans of Kansas: A Natural History of the Western Interior Sea. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 220 p.
^Bartholomai, A. (1969). The Lower Cretaceous elopoid fish Pachyrhizodus marathonensis (Etheridge Jr.). Stratigraphy and Palaeontology. Australian National University Press, Canberra, 249-263.
^ abGiersch, S., Frey, E., Stinnesbeck, W., & González González, A. H. (2010). Pachyrhizodus caninus Cope, 1872 (Teleostei, Crossognathiformes) from the early Turonian of Vallecillo (Mexico). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 258, 219-228.
^Wiffen, J. (1983). "The first record of Pachyrhizodus caninus Cope (Order Clupeiformes) from the Late Cretaceous of New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 26 (1): 109–119. doi:10.1080/00288306.1983.10421527. ISSN 0028-8306.
^Shimada, K. (2015). Body form and paleoecology of the large Late Cretaceous bony fish, Pachyrhizodus caninus. Cretaceous Research, 52, 286-291.
Bibliographyedit
Bazzi, Mohamad; Elisabeth Einarsson, and Benjamin P. Kear. 2015. Late Cretaceous (Campanian) actinopterygian fishes from the Kristianstad Basin of southern Sweden. Geological Society of London, Special Publications 434. 277–292. . doi:10.1144/SP434.5
Páramo Fonseca, María Euridice. 2001. Los peces de la familia Pachyrhizodontidae (Teleostei) del Turoniano del Valle Superior del Magdalena. Boletín Geológico 39. 51–83. .
December 19, 2023
pachyrhizodus, extinct, genus, finned, fish, that, lived, during, cretaceous, paleocene, what, europe, north, america, south, america, oceania, many, species, known, primarily, from, cretaceous, england, midwestern, united, states, temporal, range, cenomanian,. Pachyrhizodus is an extinct genus of ray finned fish that lived during the Cretaceous to Paleocene 1 in what is now Europe North America South America and Oceania Many species are known primarily from the Cretaceous of England and the midwestern United States 2 PachyrhizodusTemporal range Cenomanian Maastrichtian 94 3 66 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NRestoration of P caninusScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiOrder CrossognathiformesFamily PachyrhizodontidaeGenus PachyrhizodusDixon 1850Type species Pachyrhizodus basalisDixon 1850Other speciesP caninus Cope 1872 P curvatus Loomis 1900 P dibleyi Loomis 1900 P etayoi Paramo 1997 P grawi Bartholomai 2012 P kingi Cope 1872 P leptognathus Stewart 1898 P leptopsis Cope 1874 P minimus Stewart 1899 P subulidens Owen 1842History and discovery edit nbsp Fossil with gut contentPachyrhizodus fossils were first collected from Cambridgeshire England in the 1840s and were very fragmentary only a partial maxilla SMB 9097 and were described as a species of Raphiosaurus in 1842 by Richard Owen The type remains of Pachyrhizodus consisted of a maxilla BMNH 49014 from the Lower Cretaceous of Sussex England and was originally thought to be a mandible that Louis Agassiz dubbed Pachyrhizodus in 1850 3 with Frederick Dixon creating the species name basalis for the specimen 3 Over the next few years many Pachyrhizodus species would be named only from England until in 1872 Edward Drinker Cope described large remains from the Smoky Hill Chalk of Kansas of several new species 4 During the 19th century several complete and partial skeletons of Pachyrhizodus were collected from England many of which belonging to P basalis and P subulidens 2 In 1899 Alban Stewart described the mandibles of another species P minimus from Kansas and it is the most commonly discovered species of Pachyrhizodus 5 6 Since the 19th century many complete skeletons and species have been described from many regions 7 8 P caninus specifically has been discovered in the United States Mexico and New Zealand 9 10 8 References edit Cope K H Utgaard J E Masters J M and Feldmann R 2005 The fauna of the Clayton Formation Paleocene Danian of southern Illinois A case of K P survivorship and Danian recovery Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum v 32 p 97 108 a b Forey P L 1977 The osteology of Notelops Woodward Rhacolepis Agassiz and Pachyrhizodus Dixon Pisces Teleostei Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist Geol 28 125 204 a b Dixon F 1850 Geology and Fossils of the Tertiary and Cretaceous Formations of Sussex 422 pp London Longman Brown Green amp Longmans Cope E D 1872 On the families of fishes of the Cretaceous Formation of Kansas Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v 12 p 327 357 Stewart A 1899 Pachyrhizodus minimus a new species of fish from the Cretaceous of Kansas Kansas University Quarterly 8 1 37 38 Everhart M J 2005 Oceans of Kansas A Natural History of the Western Interior Sea Indiana University Press Bloomington 220 p Bartholomai A 1969 The Lower Cretaceous elopoid fish Pachyrhizodus marathonensis Etheridge Jr Stratigraphy and Palaeontology Australian National University Press Canberra 249 263 a b Giersch S Frey E Stinnesbeck W amp Gonzalez Gonzalez A H 2010 Pachyrhizodus caninus Cope 1872 Teleostei Crossognathiformes from the early Turonian of Vallecillo Mexico Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen 258 219 228 Wiffen J 1983 The first record of Pachyrhizodus caninus Cope Order Clupeiformes from the Late Cretaceous of New Zealand New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 26 1 109 119 doi 10 1080 00288306 1983 10421527 ISSN 0028 8306 Shimada K 2015 Body form and paleoecology of the large Late Cretaceous bony fish Pachyrhizodus caninus Cretaceous Research 52 286 291 Bibliography edit Bazzi Mohamad Elisabeth Einarsson and Benjamin P Kear 2015 Late Cretaceous Campanian actinopterygian fishes from the Kristianstad Basin of southern Sweden Geological Society of London Special Publications 434 277 292 doi 10 1144 SP434 5 Paramo Fonseca Maria Euridice 2001 Los peces de la familia Pachyrhizodontidae Teleostei del Turoniano del Valle Superior del Magdalena Boletin Geologico 39 51 83 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pachyrhizodus amp oldid 1154918792, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
