Pärnu (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈpærˑnu]) is the fourth largest city in Estonia. Situated in southwest Estonia, Pärnu is located 128 kilometres (80 mi) south of the Estonian capital, Tallinn, and 176 kilometres (109 mi) west of Estonia's second largest city, Tartu. The city sits off the coast of Pärnu Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Riga, which is a part of the Baltic Sea. In the city, the Pärnu River drains into the Gulf of Riga.
The city was occupied by the SovietRed Army along with the rest of Estonia in 1940 during World War II, and its German population fled the town. It was briefly occupied by Germany from 1941 until 1944 before it was reoccupied by the Soviet Union during its counteroffensives. Pärnu then continued as being part of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1944 to 1991, when Estonia restored its independence.
During the Great Northern War, the University of Dorpat (Tartu) was relocated to Pärnu from 1699 to 1710. The university has still maintained a branch campus in Pärnu to this day (1,000 students in the 2004/2005 school year).[2]
Geography
Districts of Pärnu
Drone video of Pärnu coastal meadow hiking trail, beach and town in June 2022
There are seven districts in Pärnu: Ülejõe, Rääma, Vana-Pärnu, Kesklinn, Rannarajoon, Eeslinn and Raeküla.[3]
Climate
Pärnu lies within the temperate humid continental climate zone.
Climate data for Pärnu (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1842–present)
Today Pärnu is an economically balanced region with a comprehensive range of industries. Foreign investments and new businesses with up-to-date technologies have enhanced job creation and higher competitiveness of the businesses in the world markets. Several enterprises of Pärnu region stand out as the best in Estonia.
Significant flows of exports from Pärnu region and South-Estonia pass through the Port of Pärnu which lies at the mouth of the Pärnu River. In recent years, the port has developed into an important regional harbour for south-western and southern Estonia. Pärnu's fame as a rehabilitation and holiday resort dates back to the middle of the 19th century. The foundation of the first bathing facility in 1838 is considered the birth date of Pärnu resort. Today Pärnu has all desirable qualities of a modern holiday resort – it has spas and rehabilitation centres, hotels, conference and concert venues, golf courses and tennis courts, restaurants and pubs. Long tradition of as a resort has made Pärnu well known in Finland and Scandinavian countries.
The majority of the tourists in Pärnu are Finns, Swedes and Russians. German, Latvian, and Norwegian tourists have also become more common.
In 1837, a tavern near the beach was made into a bathing establishment. The establishment accommodated 5–6 bathrooms that provided hot seawater baths in summer and operated as a sauna in winter. The wooden building was burnt down in the course of World War I. In 1927, the present stone building of Pärnu Mud Baths was erected at the same site.
Since 1996 Pärnu has been known as Estonia's Summer Capital.[14][15]
pärnu, other, uses, parnu, disambiguation, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, february, 2022, learn, when, remove. For other uses see Parnu disambiguation This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations February 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Parnu Estonian pronunciation ˈpaerˑnu is the fourth largest city in Estonia Situated in southwest Estonia Parnu is located 128 kilometres 80 mi south of the Estonian capital Tallinn and 176 kilometres 109 mi west of Estonia s second largest city Tartu The city sits off the coast of Parnu Bay an inlet of the Gulf of Riga which is a part of the Baltic Sea In the city the Parnu River drains into the Gulf of Riga Parnu Parnu linnCity of ParnuCityParnuParnuLocation of Parnu in EstoniaShow map of EstoniaParnuParnu Baltic Sea Show map of Baltic SeaParnuParnu Europe Show map of EuropeCoordinates 58 23 N 24 30 E 58 383 N 24 500 E 58 383 24 500 Coordinates 58 23 N 24 30 E 58 383 N 24 500 E 58 383 24 500CountryEstoniaCountyParnu CountyMunicipalityParnuFounded1251Area Total32 22 km2 12 44 sq mi Elevation10 m 30 ft Population 2022 1 Total40 228 Rank4th Density1 200 km2 3 200 sq mi Ethnicity Estonians83 Russians12 other5 Time zoneUTC 2 EET Summer DST UTC 3 EEST Area code 372 44Vehicle registrationFParnu is a popular summer holiday resort town among Estonians with many hotels restaurants and large beaches The city is served by Parnu Airport Contents 1 History 2 Geography 2 1 Districts of Parnu 2 2 Climate 2 3 Waterbodies 3 Demography 3 1 Population change 3 2 Ethnic groups 4 Economy 5 Tourism 6 Notable people 6 1 Honorary citizens 7 Gallery 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksHistory Edit Parnu in 1554 Parnu or Old Parnu Latin Perona German Pernau Alt Pernau Estonian Vana Parnu which was founded by the bishop of Osel Wiek c 1251 suffered heavily under pressure of the concurrent town and was finally destroyed c 1600 Another town Embeke later German Neu Pernau Estonian Uus Parnu was founded by the Livonian Order who began building an Ordensburg nearby in 1265 The latter town then known by the German name of Pernau was a member of the Hanseatic League and an important ice free harbor for Livonia The Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took control of town between 1560 and 1617 the Poles and Lithuanians fought the Swedes nearby in 1609 Sweden took control of the town during the 16th century Livonian War as part of Swedish Livonia although it was not formally ceded by Poland Lithuania until the 1660 Treaty of Oliva Sweden then lost Livonia to the Russian Empire in the 1710 Capitulation of Estonia and Livonia and the 1721 Treaty of Nystad following the Great Northern War It belonged to the Imperial Russian Governorate of Livonia until 1917 when it was transferred to the short lived Autonomous Governorate of Estonia The city is occasionally referred to as Pyarnu an incorrect reverse transliteration from the Russian Pyarnu The town became part of independent Estonia in 1918 following World War I and the Estonian War of Independence The city was occupied by the Soviet Red Army along with the rest of Estonia in 1940 during World War II and its German population fled the town It was briefly occupied by Germany from 1941 until 1944 before it was reoccupied by the Soviet Union during its counteroffensives Parnu then continued as being part of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1944 to 1991 when Estonia restored its independence During the Great Northern War the University of Dorpat Tartu was relocated to Parnu from 1699 to 1710 The university has still maintained a branch campus in Parnu to this day 1 000 students in the 2004 2005 school year 2 Geography EditDistricts of Parnu Edit source source source source source source source source source source source source source Drone video of Parnu coastal meadow hiking trail beach and town in June 2022 There are seven districts in Parnu Ulejoe Raama Vana Parnu Kesklinn Rannarajoon Eeslinn and Raekula 3 Climate Edit Parnu lies within the temperate humid continental climate zone Climate data for Parnu normals 1991 2020 extremes 1842 present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 9 0 48 2 8 3 46 9 18 1 64 6 26 2 79 2 31 2 88 2 32 6 90 7 34 1 93 4 33 4 92 1 28 0 82 4 22 4 72 3 12 6 54 7 10 3 50 5 34 1 93 4 Average high C F 0 8 30 6 1 30 3 0 37 4 10 2 50 4 16 7 62 1 20 2 68 4 23 0 73 4 21 8 71 2 16 6 61 9 9 9 49 8 4 3 39 7 1 1 34 0 10 4 50 7 Daily mean C F 3 0 26 6 3 7 25 3 0 5 31 1 5 4 41 7 11 4 52 5 15 4 59 7 18 3 64 9 17 2 63 0 12 5 54 5 6 8 44 2 2 2 36 0 0 9 30 4 6 8 44 2 Average low C F 5 5 22 1 6 6 20 1 3 7 25 3 1 2 34 2 6 1 43 0 10 7 51 3 13 6 56 5 12 8 55 0 8 6 47 5 3 8 38 8 0 0 32 0 3 1 26 4 3 2 37 8 Record low C F 34 8 30 6 34 3 29 7 28 5 19 3 19 7 3 5 5 3 22 5 0 1 31 8 3 4 38 1 2 6 36 7 4 7 23 5 10 9 12 4 22 2 8 0 34 5 30 1 34 8 30 6 Average precipitation mm inches 61 2 4 49 1 9 43 1 7 40 1 6 39 1 5 78 3 1 74 2 9 84 3 3 61 2 4 83 3 3 73 2 9 71 2 8 761 30 0 Average precipitation days 1 0 mm 12 9 10 8 7 9 10 10 11 12 14 14 125Average relative humidity 88 87 81 73 68 73 75 78 82 86 89 89 81Mean monthly sunshine hours 38 8 69 6 148 2 210 1 300 3 293 5 306 4 258 6 172 8 95 5 36 5 24 3 1 950 2Source Estonian Weather Service precipitation days 1971 2000 4 5 6 7 8 9 Waterbodies Edit Parnu River Sauga River Reiu River Parnu Moat Parnu Bay Parnu Moat was previously a part of Parnu Fortress Nowadays it is mainly used as a venue for different events 10 Demography EditPopulation change Edit Year 1881 1897 1922 1934 1959 1970 1979 1989 2000 2011 2012 2017 2021Population 12 966 12 898 18 499 20 334 22 367 50 224 54 051 53 885 45 500 39 728 40 401 40 700 40 228Ethnic groups Edit Population of Parnu by ethnicity Nationality 2000 census 2011 census 11 2021 census 12 Number Number Number Estonians 36 112 79 37 33 000 83 07 33 682 83 73Russians 6 951 15 28 5 076 12 78 4 256 10 58Ukrainians 966 2 12 671 1 69 887 2 20Finns 331 0 73 254 0 64 324 0 81Belarusians 297 0 65 179 0 45 184 0 46Total 45 500 39 728 40 228Population of Parnu by first language Language 2000 census 13 2011 census 11 2021 census 12 Number Number Number Estonian 35 928 78 96 32 762 82 47 33 308 82 80Russian 8 360 18 37 6 263 15 77 5 631 13 99Ukrainian 426 0 94 245 0 62 392 0 97Finnish 163 0 36 129 0 33 214 0 53Belarusian 100 0 22 32 0 08 35 0 09Total 45 500 39 728 40 228Economy Edit Ruutli street in Parnu Today Parnu is an economically balanced region with a comprehensive range of industries Foreign investments and new businesses with up to date technologies have enhanced job creation and higher competitiveness of the businesses in the world markets Several enterprises of Parnu region stand out as the best in Estonia Significant flows of exports from Parnu region and South Estonia pass through the Port of Parnu which lies at the mouth of the Parnu River In recent years the port has developed into an important regional harbour for south western and southern Estonia Parnu s fame as a rehabilitation and holiday resort dates back to the middle of the 19th century The foundation of the first bathing facility in 1838 is considered the birth date of Parnu resort Today Parnu has all desirable qualities of a modern holiday resort it has spas and rehabilitation centres hotels conference and concert venues golf courses and tennis courts restaurants and pubs Long tradition of as a resort has made Parnu well known in Finland and Scandinavian countries Tourism Edit Parnu mud baths The majority of the tourists in Parnu are Finns Swedes and Russians German Latvian and Norwegian tourists have also become more common In 1837 a tavern near the beach was made into a bathing establishment The establishment accommodated 5 6 bathrooms that provided hot seawater baths in summer and operated as a sauna in winter The wooden building was burnt down in the course of World War I In 1927 the present stone building of Parnu Mud Baths was erected at the same site Since 1996 Parnu has been known as Estonia s Summer Capital 14 15 Starting from 2015 the city of Parnu hosts the annual Weekend Festival the largest dance music festival in the Nordic and Baltic region Stages are headlined by DJs from across the electronic dance music spectrum with audiovisual support Some of the past and upcoming artists to perform include Martin Garrix David Guetta Avicii Steve Aoki The Chainsmokers Tiesto Armin van Buuren Hardwell Robin Schulz Afrojack deadmau5 Knife Party Desiigner and many more Parnu is also known for its seawall According to legend if a couple holds hands while journeying along the wall and kisses at its endpoint they will stay together forever 16 Parnu beachNotable people Edit Memorial monument of Lydia Koidula created by Amandus Adamson Gustav Faberge jeweller Johann Voldemar Jannsen Estonian journalist and poet Lili Kaelas archeologist Tonis Kasemets race car driver who has competed in ChampCar and IMSA Egon Kaur rally driver Paul Keres chess grandmaster Lydia Koidula poet Kaie Korb prima ballerina Karin Luts Estonian artist Friedrich Martens lawyer Kaili Narep actress David Oistrakh violinist Liisa Pulk actress Rasmus Randvee singer Salme Reek actress Georg Wilhelm Richmann German physicist Erika Salumae track bicycle racer David Samoylov poet August Sang poet Olev Siinmaa architect David Shrayer Petrov poet fiction writer translator medical scientist Maxim D Shrayer author and literary scholar Avo Somer musicologist music theorist composer Kristin Tattar athlete disc golf world championHonorary citizens Edit 1886 Konstantin Possiet 1901 Friedrich Fromhold Martens 1934 Konstantin Pats 2007 Neeme Jarvi 2008 Valter Ojakaar 2009 Juri JaansonGallery Edit Endla Theatre Nikolai street with St Elizabeth s Church Parnu beach promenade Sunset in Parnu beachSee also EditParnu LehtReferences Edit Population by sex age and place of residence after the 2017 administrative reform 1 January Statistics Estonia University of Tartu Parnu College LINNAOSADE JA JAGUDE LUHENDID www eki ee in Estonian Retrieved 18 March 2020 Climate normals Temperature Estonian Weather Service Retrieved 1 February 2021 Climate normals Precipitation Estonian Weather Service Retrieved 1 February 2021 Climate normals Humidity Estonian Weather Service Retrieved 1 February 2021 Climate normals Sunshine Estonian Weather Service Retrieved 1 February 2021 Rekordid in Estonian Estonian Weather Service Retrieved 19 March 2021 Kliimanormid Sademed ohuniiskus in Estonian Estonian Weather Service Archived from the original on 22 February 2012 Retrieved 1 February 2021 Parnu moat Estonia Visitestonia com Retrieved 23 December 2020 a b Statistika andmebaas Vali tabel a b RL21429 POPULATION BY ETHNIC NATIONALITY SEX AGE GROUP AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT 31 DECEMBER 2021 Statistika andmebaas Vali tabel suvepealinn Short history VisitParnu com Archived from the original on 2016 03 03 Retrieved 2012 06 15 Parnu Seawall External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parnu Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Parnu The Official Tourist Information Centre Foundation of Parnu Parnu tour overview Archived 2006 09 07 at the Wayback Machine Sightseeing on Your own MERKO 2010 2011 Parnu moat and park area reconstruction land reclamation and landscaping with 6 photos Maxim D Shrayer Dunes of Happiness Fifteen Summers in Estonia Baltic Worlds September 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Parnu amp oldid 1151094022, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
