Orthida is an extinct order of brachiopods which appeared during the Early Cambrian period and became very diverse by the Ordovician, living in shallow-shelf seas. Orthids are the oldest member of the subphylum Rhynchonelliformea, and is the order from which all other brachiopods of this group stem.[1] Physically they are usually strophic, with well-developed interareas. They also commonly have radiating ribs, sulcus, and fold structures. Typically one valve, often the brachial valve, is flatter than the other. The interior structure of the brachial valves are usually simple. In shape they are sub-circular to elliptical, with typically biconvex valves.
Orthida
Temporal range: Early Cambrian (Botomian)–Late Permian
There is some debate over the forms that first appeared of this order as to how they should be classified. However, they began to differentiate themselves by the late Early Cambrian period, and by the late Cambrian period had diversified into numerous varieties and reach 2 to 5 cm in width. Specimens from the late Cambrian to the earliest Ordovician exhibit shells with rounded and pointed pedicle valves, with sharp to obtuse extremities and ridges that are fine to course. Punctate shells appear during the mid-Ordovician, which establish the suborder Dalmanellidina. The Ordovician is a productive period which gives rise to numerous genera in this order. However, they started to become greatly reduced by the end of the Ordovician extinction event. Both the impunctate and punctate survived through to the early Devonian Eventually, though, only the punctate lived on, and would play a minor role in benthic ecosystems until the late Permian, when they became extinct.[2]
Tropidoleptus carinatus, an orthid brachiopod from the Middle Devonian of New York.
^Patzkowsky, Mark E (2003). Orthida 2007-03-12 at the Wayback Machine. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology Online. Retrieved on July 24, 2006.
^Kazlev, M. Alan (1999). Order Orthida. Paleos, Invertebrates. Retrieved on July 24, 2006.
^Williams, Alwyn; Brunton, C.H.C.; Carlson, S.J.; et al. (1997–2007). Roger L. Kaesler (1997–2006); Paul Selden (2007) (eds.). Part H, Brachiopoda (Revised). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Boulder, CO; Lawrence, KS: Geological Society of America.
January 31, 2023
orthida, extinct, order, brachiopods, which, appeared, during, early, cambrian, period, became, very, diverse, ordovician, living, shallow, shelf, seas, orthids, oldest, member, subphylum, rhynchonelliformea, order, from, which, other, brachiopods, this, group. Orthida is an extinct order of brachiopods which appeared during the Early Cambrian period and became very diverse by the Ordovician living in shallow shelf seas Orthids are the oldest member of the subphylum Rhynchonelliformea and is the order from which all other brachiopods of this group stem 1 Physically they are usually strophic with well developed interareas They also commonly have radiating ribs sulcus and fold structures Typically one valve often the brachial valve is flatter than the other The interior structure of the brachial valves are usually simple In shape they are sub circular to elliptical with typically biconvex valves OrthidaTemporal range Early Cambrian Botomian Late Permian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NVinlandostrophia ponderosa Upper Ordovician Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum BrachiopodaClass RhynchonellataOrder OrthidaSuborders and SuperfamiliesOrthidinaOrthoideaPlectorthoideaDalmanellidinaDalmanelloideaEnteletoideaThere is some debate over the forms that first appeared of this order as to how they should be classified However they began to differentiate themselves by the late Early Cambrian period and by the late Cambrian period had diversified into numerous varieties and reach 2 to 5 cm in width Specimens from the late Cambrian to the earliest Ordovician exhibit shells with rounded and pointed pedicle valves with sharp to obtuse extremities and ridges that are fine to course Punctate shells appear during the mid Ordovician which establish the suborder Dalmanellidina The Ordovician is a productive period which gives rise to numerous genera in this order However they started to become greatly reduced by the end of the Ordovician extinction event Both the impunctate and punctate survived through to the early Devonian Eventually though only the punctate lived on and would play a minor role in benthic ecosystems until the late Permian when they became extinct 2 Tropidoleptus carinatus an orthid brachiopod from the Middle Devonian of New York Contents 1 Taxonomy 1 1 Suborder Orthidina 1 2 Suborder Dalmanellidina 2 NotesTaxonomy EditThe taxonomy taken from the 2000 treatise 3 is as follows Suborder Orthidina Edit Superfamily Orthoidea Family Orthidae Family Anomalorthidae Family Bohemiellidae Family Glyptorthidae Family Hesperonomiidae Family Hesperorthidae Family Lycophoriidae Family Nanorthidae Family Orthidiellidae Family Plaesiomyidae Family Poramborthidae Family Productorthidae Family Whittardiidae Superfamily Plectorthoidea Family Plectorthidae Family Cremnorthidae Family Cyclocoeliidae Family Eoorthidae Family Euorthisinidae Family Finkelnburgiidae Family Giraldiellidae Family Phragmorthidae Family Platystrophiidae Family Ranorthidae Family Rhactorthidae Family Tasmanorthidae Family WangyuiidaeSuborder Dalmanellidina Edit Superfamily Dalmanelloidea Family Dalmanellidae Family Angusticardiniidae Family Dicoelosiidae Family Harknessellidae Family Heterorthidae Family Hypsomyoniidae Family Kayserellidae Family Mystrophoridae Family Paurorthidae Family Platyorthidae Family Portranellidae Family Proschizophoriidae Family Rhipidomellidae Family Tyronellidae Superfamily Enteletoidea Family Enteletidae Family Draboviidae Family Chrustenoporidae Family Linoporellidae Family Saukrodictyidae Family SchizophoriidaeNotes Edit Patzkowsky Mark E 2003 Orthida Archived 2007 03 12 at the Wayback Machine McGraw Hill Encyclopedia of Science amp Technology Online Retrieved on July 24 2006 Kazlev M Alan 1999 Order Orthida Paleos Invertebrates Retrieved on July 24 2006 Williams Alwyn Brunton C H C Carlson S J et al 1997 2007 Roger L Kaesler 1997 2006 Paul Selden 2007 eds Part H Brachiopoda Revised Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Boulder CO Lawrence KS Geological Society of America Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Orthida amp oldid 1078121453, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
