The Orissa Tributary States, also known as the Garhjats[1] and as the Orissa Feudatory States,[2] were a group of princely states of British India now part of the present-day Indian state of Odisha.
The Orissa Tributary States were located in the Garhjat Hills, the hilly and former heavily forested region of eastern Orissa, on the border with present-day Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand states.
In the 18th century, the entire region came under the control of the Maratha Empire, in particular the Bhonsle maharajas of Nagpur. Meanwhile, the British had become established in Bengal, and were expanding their influence into the lowland tracts of Orissa. The British and the Marathas came into conflict in the late 18th century, and at the conclusion of the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1803, the Maharaja of Nagpur ceded Orissa to the British. Some of the former Maratha territory was ruled directly by the British, and attached to the Bengal Presidency; other territories became princely states, under the control of local rulers under a treaty of subsidiary alliance to the British monarch following the annexation in 1803. The local chiefs' status was recognised by the British as 'tributary chiefs' and their estates became the 'Tributary Mahals' of Orissa.
These territories were managed the Political Department and were not subject to any regular Settlement and Revenue system. Originally there were nineteen Tributary States, but two of them were confiscated and annexed by the British; Angul State in 1847 for the rebellion of its Raja when he opposed the British officers that had been sent to suppress the Meriah sacrifice among the Khonds, and Banki State in 1840, after its ruler had been convicted of murder.[3]
The status of the Orissa Tributary States, the largest of which were Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar, Dhenkanal, Baudh, and Nayagarh, was unclear until 1888, when the Secretary of State for India accepted the view that they did not form part of British India, and modified powers were handed over to the Orissa chiefs under the control of a superintendent.[4]
In 1912, the province of Bihar and Orissa was detached from Bengal, and the Orissa Tributary States were under the authority of the governor of Bihar and Orissa. In 1936 Orissa became a separate province, but the Orissa Tributary States were merged into the Eastern States Agency, which was under the direct authority of the Governor-General of India rather than that of the provincial governor. After the Indian independence in 1947, the rulers of the states acceded to the Government of India. They established the Eastern States Union in the same year. Their aim was to establish a unit that would be large enough to exist as a separate state within the Indian Union.[5] But the union failed and the former Orissa Tributary States, except the Oriya speaking princely states of Saraikela and Kharsawan, were integrated into the state of Orissa.
Princely statesedit
The list of princely states under Orissa States Agency:
^Frederick George Bailey, Politics and Social Change: Orissa in 1959. p. 179
January 01, 1970
orissa, tributary, states, also, known, garhjats, orissa, feudatory, states, were, group, princely, states, british, india, part, present, indian, state, odisha, group, princely, states, british, india1888, 1947, 1901, imperial, gazetteer, indiahistory, orissa. The Orissa Tributary States also known as the Garhjats 1 and as the Orissa Feudatory States 2 were a group of princely states of British India now part of the present day Indian state of Odisha Orissa Tributary StatesGroup of princely states of British India1888 1947Orissa Tributary States in a 1901 map of the Imperial Gazetteer of IndiaHistory Orissa chiefs put under the control of a superintendent1888 Accession to the Indian Union1947Preceded by Succeeded by Agencies of British India India The Orissa Tributary States were located in the Garhjat Hills the hilly and former heavily forested region of eastern Orissa on the border with present day Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand states Bonai and Gangpur feudatory states Contents 1 History 2 Princely states 3 See also 4 ReferencesHistory editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed October 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message In the 18th century the entire region came under the control of the Maratha Empire in particular the Bhonsle maharajas of Nagpur Meanwhile the British had become established in Bengal and were expanding their influence into the lowland tracts of Orissa The British and the Marathas came into conflict in the late 18th century and at the conclusion of the Second Anglo Maratha War in 1803 the Maharaja of Nagpur ceded Orissa to the British Some of the former Maratha territory was ruled directly by the British and attached to the Bengal Presidency other territories became princely states under the control of local rulers under a treaty of subsidiary alliance to the British monarch following the annexation in 1803 The local chiefs status was recognised by the British as tributary chiefs and their estates became the Tributary Mahals of Orissa These territories were managed the Political Department and were not subject to any regular Settlement and Revenue system Originally there were nineteen Tributary States but two of them were confiscated and annexed by the British Angul State in 1847 for the rebellion of its Raja when he opposed the British officers that had been sent to suppress the Meriah sacrifice among the Khonds and Banki State in 1840 after its ruler had been convicted of murder 3 The status of the Orissa Tributary States the largest of which were Mayurbhanj Keonjhar Dhenkanal Baudh and Nayagarh was unclear until 1888 when the Secretary of State for India accepted the view that they did not form part of British India and modified powers were handed over to the Orissa chiefs under the control of a superintendent 4 In 1905 five Oriya speaking states of Bamra Rairakhol Sonpur Patna and Kalahandi State were added from the Central Provinces and two states Gangpur and Bonai from the Chota Nagpur States 4 With the addition of these states the total area was 72 638 km2 28 046 sq mi and the population was 3 173 395 per the 1901 census 4 In 1912 the province of Bihar and Orissa was detached from Bengal and the Orissa Tributary States were under the authority of the governor of Bihar and Orissa In 1936 Orissa became a separate province but the Orissa Tributary States were merged into the Eastern States Agency which was under the direct authority of the Governor General of India rather than that of the provincial governor After the Indian independence in 1947 the rulers of the states acceded to the Government of India They established the Eastern States Union in the same year Their aim was to establish a unit that would be large enough to exist as a separate state within the Indian Union 5 But the union failed and the former Orissa Tributary States except the Oriya speaking princely states of Saraikela and Kharsawan were integrated into the state of Orissa Princely states editThe list of princely states under Orissa States Agency Princely states in Orissa Princely state Capital Athgarh State Athagad Athmallik State Athmallik Bamra State Bamanda Debagarh Baramba State Baramba Baudh State Boudh Bonai State Bonaigarh Daspalla State Dashapalla Dhenkanal State Dhenkanal Gangpur State Sundergarh Hindol State Hindol Kalahandi State Karond Bhawanipatna Keonjhar State Kendujhar Khandpara State Khandapada Mayurbhanj State Baripada Narsinghpur State Narasinghpur Nayagarh State Nayagarh Nilgiri State Nilagiri Pal Lahara State Pallahara Patna State Balangir Rairakhol State Rairakhol Ranpur State Raj Ranpur Sonepur State Subarnapur Talcher State Talcher Tigiria State Tigiria Princely states in Jharkhand Princely state Capital Kharsawan State Kharsawan Saraikela State SaraikelaSee also editSambalpur State Banki State Eastern States Agency Chota Nagpur Tributary States Political integration of IndiaReferences edit Imperial Gazetteer of India v 19 p 252 L E B Cobden Ramsay Feudatory States of Orissa Baden Powell B H 2013 The Land Systems of British India Vol 1 London Forgotten Books Original work published 1892 pp 474 5 a b c Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Orissa Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 20 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 277 Frederick George Bailey Politics and Social Change Orissa in 1959 p 179 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Orissa Tributary States amp oldid 1167415956, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
