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Oriental magpie-robin

January 01, 1970

Not to be confused with Oriental magpie.

The Oriental magpie-robin (Copsychus saularis) is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but now considered an Old World flycatcher. They are distinctive black and white birds with a long tail that is held upright as they forage on the ground or perch conspicuously. Occurring across most of the Indian subcontinent and parts of Southeast Asia, they are common birds in urban gardens as well as forests. They are particularly well known for their songs and were once popular as cagebirds.

Oriental magpie-robin
Male C. s. ceylonensis, Sri Lanka
Female C. s. saularis, India
Call
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Muscicapidae
Genus: Copsychus
Species:
C. saularis
Binomial name
Copsychus saularis
Synonyms

Gracula saularis Linnaeus, 1758

The oriental magpie-robin is considered the national bird of Bangladesh.

Description edit

This species is 19 centimetres (7.5 in) long, including the long tail, which is usually held cocked upright when hopping on the ground. When they are singing a song the tail is normal like other birds. It is similar in shape to the smaller European robin, but is longer-tailed. The male has black upperparts, head and throat apart from a white shoulder patch. The underparts and the sides of the long tail are white. Females are greyish black above and greyish white under. Young birds have scaly brown upperparts and head.

The nominate race is found on the Indian subcontinent and the females of this race are the palest. The females of the Andaman Islands race andamanensis are darker, heavier-billed and shorter-tailed. The Sri Lankan race ceylonensis (formerly included with the peninsular Indian populations south of the Kaveri River)[2] and southern nominate individuals have the females nearly identical to the males in shade. The eastern populations, the ones in Bangladesh and Bhutan, have more black on the tail and were formerly named erimelas.[3] The populations in Myanmar (Burma) and further south are named as the race musicus.[4] A number of other races have been named across the range, including prosthopellus (Hong Kong), nesiotes, zacnecus, nesiarchus, masculus, pagiensis, javensis, problematicus, amoenus, adamsi, pluto, deuteronymus and mindanensis.[5] However, many of these are not well-marked and the status of some of them is disputed.[6] Some, like mindanensis, have now been usually recognized as full species (the Philippine magpie-robin).[7] There is more geographic variation in the plumage of females than in that of the males.[8]

It is mostly seen close to the ground, hopping along branches or foraging in leaf-litter on the ground with a cocked tail. Males sing loudly from the top of trees or other high perches during the breeding season.[3]

Etymology edit

 
Illustration from John Ray's Synopsis methodicam avium & piscium (1713)

The Indian name of dhyal or dhayal has led to many confusions. It was first used by Eleazar Albin ("dialbird") in 1737 (Suppl. N. H. Birds, i. p. 17, pls. xvii. xviii.), and Levaillant (Ois. d'Afr. iii. p. 50) thought it referred to a sun dial and he called it Cadran. Thomas C. Jerdon wrote (B. India, ii. p. 1l6) that Linnaeus,[9] thinking it had some connection with a sun-dial, called it solaris, by lapsus pennae, saularis. This was, however, identified by Edward Blyth as an incorrect interpretation and that it was a Latinization of

 
Illustration from A natural history of birds by Eleazar Albin where it was mentioned as Dialbird

the Hindi word saulary which means a "hundred songs". A male bird was sent with this Hindi name from Madras by surgeon Edward Bulkley to James Petiver, who first described the species (Ray, Synops. Meth. Avium, p. 197).[10][11]

Distribution and habitat edit

This magpie-robin is a resident breeder in tropical southern Asia from Nepal, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and eastern Pakistan, eastern Indonesia, Thailand, south China, Malaysia, and Singapore.[3]

The Oriental magpie-robin is found in open woodland and cultivated areas often close to human habitations.

Behaviour and ecology edit

 
Egg, Collection Museum Wiesbaden

Magpie-robins breed mainly from March to July in India and January to June in south-east Asia. Males sing from high perches during courtship. The display of the male involves puffing up the feathers, raising the bill, fanning the tail and strutting.[2] They nest in tree hollows or niches in walls or building, often adopting nest boxes. They line the cavity with grass. The female is involved in most of the nest building, which happens about a week before the eggs are laid. Four or five eggs are laid at intervals of 24 hours and these are oval and usually pale blue green with brownish speckles that match the color of hay. The eggs are incubated by the female alone for 8 to 14 days.[12][13] The nests are said to have a characteristic odour.[citation needed]

 
Juvenile with scaly markings (Sri Lanka)

Females spend more effort on feeding the young than males. Males are quite aggressive in the breeding season and will defend their territory.[14] They respond to the singing of intruders and even their reflections.[15] Males spend more time on nest defense.[16] Studies of the bird song show dialects[17] with neighbours varying in their songs. The calls of many other species may be imitated as part of their song.[18][19] This may indicate that birds disperse and are not philopatric.[20] Females may sing briefly in the presence of a male.[21] Apart from their song, they use a range of calls including territorial calls, emergence and roosting calls, threat calls, submissive calls, begging calls and distress calls.[22] The typical mobbing calls is a harsh hissing krshhh.[2][3][23]

The diet of magpie-robins includes mainly insects and other invertebrates. Although mainly insectivorous, they are known to occasionally take flower nectar, geckos,[24][25] leeches,[26] centipedes[27] and even fish.[28]

They are often active late at dusk.[3] They sometimes bathe in rainwater collected on the leaves of a tree.[29]

 
Oriental magpie-robin in Delhi.
 
Oriental magpie-robin in New Delhi.

Status edit

This species is considered one of "least concern" globally, but in some areas, it is declining.

In Singapore, they were common in the 1920s; however, the population there declined in the 1970s, presumably due to competition from introduced common mynas.[30] Poaching for the pet bird trade and habitat changes have also affected them and they are locally protected by law.[31]

This species has few avian predators. Several pathogens and parasites have been reported. Avian malaria parasites have been isolated from the species,[32] while H4N3[33] and H5N1 infection has been noted in a few cases.[34] Parasitic nematodes of the eye have been described.[35]

In culture edit

 
Doel Chattar, Dhaka

Oriental magpie-robins were widely kept as cage birds for their singing abilities and for fighting in India in the past.[36] They continue to be sold in the pet trade in parts of Southeast Asia.

The Oriental magpie-robin is the national bird of Bangladesh, where it is common and known as the doyel or doel (Bengali: দোয়েল).[37] Professor Kazi Zakir Hossain of Dhaka University proposed to consider the Oriental magpie-robin as the country’s national bird. His reasoning behind this was that bird can be seen everywhere in towns and villages across the country. In that context, the Oriental magpie-robin was declared as the national bird of Bangladesh.[38] It is a widely used symbol in Bangladesh, appearing on some currency notes; a landmark in the capital city of Dhaka is referred to as the Doel Chattar (meaning: Doel Square).[39][40]

In Sri Lanka, this bird is called Polkichcha.[41]

In southern Thailand, this bird is locally known as Binlha (Thai: บินหลา — with another related bird, the white-rumped shama). They are frequently mentioned in contemporary songs.[42]

References edit

  1. ^ BirdLife International. (2017) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Copsychus saularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T103893432A111178145. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T103893432A111178145.en. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  2. ^ a b c Ali, S & S D Ripley (1997). Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan. Vol. 8 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 243–247. ISBN 978-0-19-562063-4.
  3. ^ a b c d e Rasmussen PC & JC Anderton (2005). Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Volume 2. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. p. 395.
  4. ^ Baker, ECS (1921). "Handlist of the birds of the Indian empire". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 27 (4): 87–88.
  5. ^ Ripley, S D (1952). "The thrushes". Postilla. 13: 1–48.
  6. ^ Hoogerwerf, A (1965). "Notes on the taxonomy of Copsychus saularis with special reference to the subspecies amoenus and javensis" (PDF). Ardea. 53: 32–37.
  7. ^ Sheldon FH, Lohman DH, Lim HC, Zou F, Goodman SM, Prawiradilaga DM, Winker K, Braile TM, Moyle RG (2009). "Phylogeography of the magpie-robin species complex (Aves: Turdidae: Copsychus) reveals a Philippine species, an interesting isolating barrier and unusual dispersal patterns in the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia" (PDF). Journal of Biogeography. 36 (6): 1070–1083. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02087.x. S2CID 55529997.
  8. ^ Baker, ECS (1924). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 112–116.
  9. ^ Linnaeus, Carolus (1760). Systema naturae. Halae Magdeburgicae : Typis et sumtibus Io. Iac. Curt.
  10. ^ Blyth E. (1867). "The Ornithology of India. - A commentary on Dr. Jerdon's 'Birds of India'". Ibis. 3 (9): 1–48. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1867.tb06417.x.
  11. ^ Newton, Alfred (1893–1896). A Dictionary of Birds. Adam & Charles Black, London. p. 133.
  12. ^ Pillai, NG (1956). "Incubation period and 'mortality rate' in a brood of the Magpie-Robin [Copsychus saularis (Linn.)]". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 54 (1): 182–183.
  13. ^ Hume, A.O. (1890). The nests and eggs of Indian birds. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). R H Porter, London. pp. 80–85.
  14. ^ Narayanan E. (1984). "Behavioural response of a male Magpie-Robin (Copsychus saularis Sclater) to its own song". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 81 (1): 199–200.
  15. ^ Cholmondeley, EC (1906). "Note on the Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis)". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 17 (1): 247.
  16. ^ Sethi, Vinaya Kumar; Bhatt, Dinesh (2007). "Provisioning of young by the Oriental Magpie-robin". The Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 119 (3): 356–360. doi:10.1676/06-105.1. S2CID 86268155.
  17. ^ Aniroot Dunmak & Narit Sitasuwan (2007). "Song Dialect of Oriental Magpie-robin (Copsychus saularis) in Northern Thailand" (PDF). The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University. 7 (2): 145–153.
  18. ^ Neelakantan, KK (1954). "The secondary song of birds". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 52 (3): 615–620.
  19. ^ Law, SC (1922). "Is the Dhayal Copsychus saularis a mimic?". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 28 (4): 1133.
  20. ^ Bhattacharya, H.; J. Cirillo; B.R. Subba & D. Todt (2007). "Song Performance Rules in the Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus salauris)" (PDF). Our Nature. 5: 1–13. doi:10.3126/on.v5i1.791.
  21. ^ Kumar, Anil; Bhatt, Dinesh (2002). "Characteristics and significance of song in female Oriental Magpie-Robin, Copysychus saularis". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 99 (1): 54–58.
  22. ^ Kumar, A. & Bhatt, D. (2001). "Characteristics and significance of calls in Oriental magpie robin". Curr. Sci. 80: 77–82.
  23. ^ Bonnell, B (1934). "Notes on the habits of the Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis saularis Linn". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 37 (3): 729–730.
  24. ^ Sumithran, Stephen (1982). "Magpie-Robin feeding on geckos". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 79 (3): 671.
  25. ^ Saxena, Rajiv (1998). "Geckos as food of Magpie Robin". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 95 (2): 347.
  26. ^ Karthikeyan, S (1992). "Magpie Robin preying on a leech". Newsletter for Birdwatchers. 32 (3&4): 10.
  27. ^ Kalita, Simanta Kumar (2000). "Competition for food between a Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin) and a Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis Linn". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 97 (3): 431.
  28. ^ Sharma, Satish Kumar (1996). "Attempts of female Magpie Robin to catch a fish". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 93 (3): 586.
  29. ^ Donahue, Julian P (1962). "The unusual bath of a Lorikeet [Loriculus vernalis (Sparrman)] and a Magpie-Robin [Copsychus saularis (Linn.)]". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 59 (2): 654.
  30. ^ Huong SL, Sodhi NS (1997). "Status of the Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis in Singapore". Malay Nat. J. 50: 347–354.
  31. ^ Yap, Charlotte A. M. & Navjot S. Sodhi (2004). "Southeast Asian invasive birds: ecology, impact and management". Ornithological Science. 3: 57–67. doi:10.2326/osj.3.57.
  32. ^ Ogaki, M. (1949). "Bird Malaria Parasites Found in Malay Peninsula". Am. J. Trop. Med. 29 (4): 459–462. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1949.s1-29.459. PMID 18153046.
  33. ^ Dennis J. Alexander (1992). Avian Influenza in the Eastern Hemisphere 1986-1992. Avian Diseases 47. Special Issue. Third International Symposium on Avian Influenza. 1992 Proceedings. pp. 7–19.
  34. ^ Quarterly Epidemiology Report Jan-Mar 2006 (PDF). Hong Kong Government. 2006.
  35. ^ Sultana, Ameer (1961). "A Known and a New Filariid from Indian Birds". The Journal of Parasitology. 47 (5): 713–714. doi:10.2307/3275453. JSTOR 3275453. PMID 13918345.
  36. ^ Law, Satya Churn (1923). Pet birds of Bengal. Thacker, Spink & Co.
  37. ^ "Doel is the mascot". The Daily Star. 2009-09-16. Retrieved 2017-12-18.
  38. ^ "Introduction to Oriental Magpie Robin". www.pettract.com. Retrieved 2020-12-18.
  39. ^ "National Birds". The Daily Star. 2016-07-23. Retrieved 2017-12-18.
  40. ^ "Fountainous reopening of Doyel Chattar". The Daily Star. 2016-05-08. Retrieved 2017-12-18.
  41. ^ Anonymous (1998). (PDF). Buceros. 3 (1): 53–109. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-04-01.
  42. ^ Member number 702999 (2014-04-06). "ทำไมนกบินหลา ถึงพูดถึงในเพลงปักษ์ใต้มีความสำคัญต่อชีวิตชาวใต้อย่างไรครับ" [Why is the oriental magpie-robin mentioned in the southern song and how is it important to the life of the southern people?]. Pantip.com (in Thai). Retrieved 2022-08-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Other sources edit

  • Mehrotra, P. N. 1982. Morphophysiology of the cloacal protuberance in the male Copsychus saularis (L.) (Aves, Passeriformes). Science and Culture 48:244–246.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Copsychus saularis (category)
  • Oriental Magpie Robin videos, photos & sounds on the Internet Bird Collection
  • Magpie-robin in Banglapedia
  • Introduction to Oriental Magpie Robin

January 01, 1970
oriental, magpie, robin, confused, with, oriental, magpie, copsychus, saularis, small, passerine, bird, that, formerly, classed, member, thrush, family, turdidae, considered, world, flycatcher, they, distinctive, black, white, birds, with, long, tail, that, he. Not to be confused with Oriental magpie The Oriental magpie robin Copsychus saularis is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae but now considered an Old World flycatcher They are distinctive black and white birds with a long tail that is held upright as they forage on the ground or perch conspicuously Occurring across most of the Indian subcontinent and parts of Southeast Asia they are common birds in urban gardens as well as forests They are particularly well known for their songs and were once popular as cagebirds Oriental magpie robin Male C s ceylonensis Sri Lanka Female C s saularis India source source Call Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Passeriformes Family Muscicapidae Genus Copsychus Species C saularis Binomial name Copsychus saularis Linnaeus 1758 Synonyms Gracula saularis Linnaeus 1758 The oriental magpie robin is considered the national bird of Bangladesh Contents 1 Description 2 Etymology 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behaviour and ecology 5 Status 6 In culture 7 References 7 1 Other sources 8 External linksDescription editThis species is 19 centimetres 7 5 in long including the long tail which is usually held cocked upright when hopping on the ground When they are singing a song the tail is normal like other birds It is similar in shape to the smaller European robin but is longer tailed The male has black upperparts head and throat apart from a white shoulder patch The underparts and the sides of the long tail are white Females are greyish black above and greyish white under Young birds have scaly brown upperparts and head The nominate race is found on the Indian subcontinent and the females of this race are the palest The females of the Andaman Islands race andamanensis are darker heavier billed and shorter tailed The Sri Lankan race ceylonensis formerly included with the peninsular Indian populations south of the Kaveri River 2 and southern nominate individuals have the females nearly identical to the males in shade The eastern populations the ones in Bangladesh and Bhutan have more black on the tail and were formerly named erimelas 3 The populations in Myanmar Burma and further south are named as the race musicus 4 A number of other races have been named across the range including prosthopellus Hong Kong nesiotes zacnecus nesiarchus masculus pagiensis javensis problematicus amoenus adamsi pluto deuteronymus and mindanensis 5 However many of these are not well marked and the status of some of them is disputed 6 Some like mindanensis have now been usually recognized as full species the Philippine magpie robin 7 There is more geographic variation in the plumage of females than in that of the males 8 It is mostly seen close to the ground hopping along branches or foraging in leaf litter on the ground with a cocked tail Males sing loudly from the top of trees or other high perches during the breeding season 3 Etymology edit nbsp Illustration from John Ray s Synopsis methodicam avium amp piscium 1713 The Indian name of dhyal or dhayal has led to many confusions It was first used by Eleazar Albin dialbird in 1737 Suppl N H Birds i p 17 pls xvii xviii and Levaillant Ois d Afr iii p 50 thought it referred to a sun dial and he called it Cadran Thomas C Jerdon wrote B India ii p 1l6 that Linnaeus 9 thinking it had some connection with a sun dial called it solaris by lapsus pennae saularis This was however identified by Edward Blyth as an incorrect interpretation and that it was a Latinization of nbsp Illustration from A natural history of birds by Eleazar Albin where it was mentioned as Dialbird the Hindi word saulary which means a hundred songs A male bird was sent with this Hindi name from Madras by surgeon Edward Bulkley to James Petiver who first described the species Ray Synops Meth Avium p 197 10 11 Distribution and habitat editThis magpie robin is a resident breeder in tropical southern Asia from Nepal Bangladesh India Sri Lanka and eastern Pakistan eastern Indonesia Thailand south China Malaysia and Singapore 3 The Oriental magpie robin is found in open woodland and cultivated areas often close to human habitations Behaviour and ecology edit nbsp Egg Collection Museum Wiesbaden Magpie robins breed mainly from March to July in India and January to June in south east Asia Males sing from high perches during courtship The display of the male involves puffing up the feathers raising the bill fanning the tail and strutting 2 They nest in tree hollows or niches in walls or building often adopting nest boxes They line the cavity with grass The female is involved in most of the nest building which happens about a week before the eggs are laid Four or five eggs are laid at intervals of 24 hours and these are oval and usually pale blue green with brownish speckles that match the color of hay The eggs are incubated by the female alone for 8 to 14 days 12 13 The nests are said to have a characteristic odour citation needed nbsp Juvenile with scaly markings Sri Lanka Females spend more effort on feeding the young than males Males are quite aggressive in the breeding season and will defend their territory 14 They respond to the singing of intruders and even their reflections 15 Males spend more time on nest defense 16 Studies of the bird song show dialects 17 with neighbours varying in their songs The calls of many other species may be imitated as part of their song 18 19 This may indicate that birds disperse and are not philopatric 20 Females may sing briefly in the presence of a male 21 Apart from their song they use a range of calls including territorial calls emergence and roosting calls threat calls submissive calls begging calls and distress calls 22 The typical mobbing calls is a harsh hissing krshhh 2 3 23 The diet of magpie robins includes mainly insects and other invertebrates Although mainly insectivorous they are known to occasionally take flower nectar geckos 24 25 leeches 26 centipedes 27 and even fish 28 They are often active late at dusk 3 They sometimes bathe in rainwater collected on the leaves of a tree 29 nbsp Oriental magpie robin in Delhi nbsp Oriental magpie robin in New Delhi Status editThis species is considered one of least concern globally but in some areas it is declining In Singapore they were common in the 1920s however the population there declined in the 1970s presumably due to competition from introduced common mynas 30 Poaching for the pet bird trade and habitat changes have also affected them and they are locally protected by law 31 This species has few avian predators Several pathogens and parasites have been reported Avian malaria parasites have been isolated from the species 32 while H4N3 33 and H5N1 infection has been noted in a few cases 34 Parasitic nematodes of the eye have been described 35 In culture edit nbsp Doel Chattar Dhaka Oriental magpie robins were widely kept as cage birds for their singing abilities and for fighting in India in the past 36 They continue to be sold in the pet trade in parts of Southeast Asia The Oriental magpie robin is the national bird of Bangladesh where it is common and known as the doyel or doel Bengali দ য ল 37 Professor Kazi Zakir Hossain of Dhaka University proposed to consider the Oriental magpie robin as the country s national bird His reasoning behind this was that bird can be seen everywhere in towns and villages across the country In that context the Oriental magpie robin was declared as the national bird of Bangladesh 38 It is a widely used symbol in Bangladesh appearing on some currency notes a landmark in the capital city of Dhaka is referred to as the Doel Chattar meaning Doel Square 39 40 In Sri Lanka this bird is called Polkichcha 41 In southern Thailand this bird is locally known as Binlha Thai binhla with another related bird the white rumped shama They are frequently mentioned in contemporary songs 42 References edit BirdLife International 2017 amended version of 2016 assessment Copsychus saularis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e T103893432A111178145 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 1 RLTS T103893432A111178145 en Retrieved 24 May 2018 a b c Ali S amp S D Ripley 1997 Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan Vol 8 2nd ed Oxford University Press pp 243 247 ISBN 978 0 19 562063 4 a b c d e Rasmussen PC amp JC Anderton 2005 Birds of South Asia The Ripley Guide Volume 2 Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions p 395 Baker ECS 1921 Handlist of the birds of the Indian empire J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 27 4 87 88 Ripley S D 1952 The thrushes Postilla 13 1 48 Hoogerwerf A 1965 Notes on the taxonomy of Copsychus saularis with special reference to the subspecies amoenus and javensis PDF Ardea 53 32 37 Sheldon FH Lohman DH Lim HC Zou F Goodman SM Prawiradilaga DM Winker K Braile TM Moyle RG 2009 Phylogeography of the magpie robin species complex Aves Turdidae Copsychus reveals a Philippine species an interesting isolating barrier and unusual dispersal patterns in the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia PDF Journal of Biogeography 36 6 1070 1083 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2699 2009 02087 x S2CID 55529997 Baker ECS 1924 The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma Birds Vol 2 2nd ed Taylor and Francis London pp 112 116 Linnaeus Carolus 1760 Systema naturae Halae Magdeburgicae Typis et sumtibus Io Iac Curt Blyth E 1867 The Ornithology of India A commentary on Dr Jerdon s Birds of India Ibis 3 9 1 48 doi 10 1111 j 1474 919x 1867 tb06417 x Newton Alfred 1893 1896 A Dictionary of Birds Adam amp Charles Black London p 133 Pillai NG 1956 Incubation period and mortality rate in a brood of the Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis Linn J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 54 1 182 183 Hume A O 1890 The nests and eggs of Indian birds Vol 2 2nd ed R H Porter London pp 80 85 Narayanan E 1984 Behavioural response of a male Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis Sclater to its own song J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 81 1 199 200 Cholmondeley EC 1906 Note on the Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 17 1 247 Sethi Vinaya Kumar Bhatt Dinesh 2007 Provisioning of young by the Oriental Magpie robin The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 119 3 356 360 doi 10 1676 06 105 1 S2CID 86268155 Aniroot Dunmak amp Narit Sitasuwan 2007 Song Dialect of Oriental Magpie robin Copsychus saularis in Northern Thailand PDF The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 7 2 145 153 Neelakantan KK 1954 The secondary song of birds J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 52 3 615 620 Law SC 1922 Is the Dhayal Copsychus saularis a mimic J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 28 4 1133 Bhattacharya H J Cirillo B R Subba amp D Todt 2007 Song Performance Rules in the Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus salauris PDF Our Nature 5 1 13 doi 10 3126 on v5i1 791 Kumar Anil Bhatt Dinesh 2002 Characteristics and significance of song in female Oriental Magpie Robin Copysychus saularis J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 99 1 54 58 Kumar A amp Bhatt D 2001 Characteristics and significance of calls in Oriental magpie robin Curr Sci 80 77 82 Bonnell B 1934 Notes on the habits of the Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis saularis Linn J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 37 3 729 730 Sumithran Stephen 1982 Magpie Robin feeding on geckos J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 79 3 671 Saxena Rajiv 1998 Geckos as food of Magpie Robin J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 95 2 347 Karthikeyan S 1992 Magpie Robin preying on a leech Newsletter for Birdwatchers 32 3 amp 4 10 Kalita Simanta Kumar 2000 Competition for food between a Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor Daudin and a Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis Linn J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 97 3 431 Sharma Satish Kumar 1996 Attempts of female Magpie Robin to catch a fish J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 93 3 586 Donahue Julian P 1962 The unusual bath of a Lorikeet Loriculus vernalis Sparrman and a Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis Linn J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 59 2 654 Huong SL Sodhi NS 1997 Status of the Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis in Singapore Malay Nat J 50 347 354 Yap Charlotte A M amp Navjot S Sodhi 2004 Southeast Asian invasive birds ecology impact and management Ornithological Science 3 57 67 doi 10 2326 osj 3 57 Ogaki M 1949 Bird Malaria Parasites Found in Malay Peninsula Am J Trop Med 29 4 459 462 doi 10 4269 ajtmh 1949 s1 29 459 PMID 18153046 Dennis J Alexander 1992 Avian Influenza in the Eastern Hemisphere 1986 1992 Avian Diseases 47 Special Issue Third International Symposium on Avian Influenza 1992 Proceedings pp 7 19 Quarterly Epidemiology Report Jan Mar 2006 PDF Hong Kong Government 2006 Sultana Ameer 1961 A Known and a New Filariid from Indian Birds The Journal of Parasitology 47 5 713 714 doi 10 2307 3275453 JSTOR 3275453 PMID 13918345 Law Satya Churn 1923 Pet birds of Bengal Thacker Spink amp Co Doel is the mascot The Daily Star 2009 09 16 Retrieved 2017 12 18 Introduction to Oriental Magpie Robin www pettract com Retrieved 2020 12 18 National Birds The Daily Star 2016 07 23 Retrieved 2017 12 18 Fountainous reopening of Doyel Chattar The Daily Star 2016 05 08 Retrieved 2017 12 18 Anonymous 1998 Vernacular Names of the Birds of the Indian Subcontinent PDF Buceros 3 1 53 109 Archived from the original PDF on 2010 04 01 Member number 702999 2014 04 06 thaimnkbinhla thungphudthunginephlngpksitmikhwamsakhytxchiwitchawitxyangirkhrb Why is the oriental magpie robin mentioned in the southern song and how is it important to the life of the southern people Pantip com in Thai Retrieved 2022 08 10 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Other sources edit Mehrotra P N 1982 Morphophysiology of the cloacal protuberance in the male Copsychus saularis L Aves Passeriformes Science and Culture 48 244 246 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Copsychus saularis category Oriental Magpie Robin videos photos amp sounds on the Internet Bird Collection Magpie robin in Banglapedia Introduction to Oriental Magpie Robin Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Oriental magpie robin amp oldid 1212300514, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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