The pugnose minnow (Opsopoeodus emiliae) is a species of cyprinid fish found in the eastern North America. There are two recognized subspecies with the subspecies from Florida recognized as race peninsularis.
Opsopoeodus emiliae emiliaeO. P. Hay, 1881 (Pugnose minnow)
Opsopoeodus emiliae peninsularis (C. R. Gilbert & R. M. Bailey, 1972)
Descriptionedit
The pugnose minnow has an average lifespan of 3 years. The pugnose minnow eats mostly insects but will occasionally eat algae by accident. If insects are not present, pugnose minnows can be found eating the eggs from other fish or small aquatic crustaceans like brine shrimp.
The pugnose minnow is a small silver fish with an average length of 1-2 inches with some reaching 2.5 inches in length; the minnow has a forked tail, short pectoral fins, and a small rounded snout. The distinctive characteristic is the lateral line running from the tail all the way to the mouth. The pugnose minnow has a greatly superior mouth, indicating that they feed above them in the water column. The dorsal fin has 9 dorsal spines and is translucent, as well as the caudal fin. The base of the caudal fin has a black spot that becomes pronounced in males when they are ready to mate; breeding males can also have tubercles that are used for fighting to show dominance and to be accepted by a female.
Habitatedit
The pugnose minnow is a freshwater fish that is native to Canada and the United States, mostly along the Eastern sides of these countries. It can be found in clear waters but also slow, turbid waters with plenty of debris to hide under. In the United States it is found in many different types of water, some stay in the clear water in which they were hatched but some may swim further from where they hatched to an environment with much more silt and clay.
Reproductionedit
Pugnose minnows reproduce in late spring to early summer under debris that can be found in their habitat, especially under rocks or logs. Males will clear out the area under the rock and defend it from other males by using the tubercles found on their snout. The female has to be led to the potential male's site and will investigate it as the male nudges her repeatedly with his dorsal fin to stimulate egg spawning. Female pugnose minnows lay adhesive eggs that will stick to the underside of the rock; the eggs will be laid either individually or in strings, with approximately 120 eggs per clutch. Males and females will repeat this process over the next 6 or 7 days. After all the eggs have been laid, the female has nothing else to do with the offspring; the males will guard the eggs until they hatch, which is around 6 days, depending on the weather.
Referencesedit
^NatureServe (2015). "Opsopoeodus emiliae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T202338A76574961. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-1.RLTS.T202338A76574961.en.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2011). "Opsopoeodus emiliae" in FishBase. August 2011 version.
Government of Canada. Species at Risk Public Registry. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2017. <http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=107>.
Wildlife, Ohio DNR Division of. "Ohio.gov / search." Ohio DNR Division of Wildlife. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2017. <http://wildlife.ohiodnr.gov/species-and-habitats/species-guide-index/fish/pugnose-minnow>
January 01, 1970
pugnose, minnow, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, july, 2023, learn, when, remove, this, template, message, pug. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations July 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message The pugnose minnow Opsopoeodus emiliae is a species of cyprinid fish found in the eastern North America There are two recognized subspecies with the subspecies from Florida recognized as race peninsularis Pugnose minnow Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Cypriniformes Family Cyprinidae Subfamily Leuciscinae Genus OpsopoeodusO P Hay 1881 Species O emiliae Binomial name Opsopoeodus emiliaeO P Hay 1881 Synonyms Notropis emiliae Hay 1881 Trycherodon megalops Forbes 1883 Opsopoeodus osculus Evermann 1892 Contents 1 Subspecies 2 Description 3 Habitat 4 Reproduction 5 ReferencesSubspecies editOpsopoeodus emiliae emiliae O P Hay 1881 Pugnose minnow Opsopoeodus emiliae peninsularis C R Gilbert amp R M Bailey 1972 Description editThe pugnose minnow has an average lifespan of 3 years The pugnose minnow eats mostly insects but will occasionally eat algae by accident If insects are not present pugnose minnows can be found eating the eggs from other fish or small aquatic crustaceans like brine shrimp The pugnose minnow is a small silver fish with an average length of 1 2 inches with some reaching 2 5 inches in length the minnow has a forked tail short pectoral fins and a small rounded snout The distinctive characteristic is the lateral line running from the tail all the way to the mouth The pugnose minnow has a greatly superior mouth indicating that they feed above them in the water column The dorsal fin has 9 dorsal spines and is translucent as well as the caudal fin The base of the caudal fin has a black spot that becomes pronounced in males when they are ready to mate breeding males can also have tubercles that are used for fighting to show dominance and to be accepted by a female Habitat editThe pugnose minnow is a freshwater fish that is native to Canada and the United States mostly along the Eastern sides of these countries It can be found in clear waters but also slow turbid waters with plenty of debris to hide under In the United States it is found in many different types of water some stay in the clear water in which they were hatched but some may swim further from where they hatched to an environment with much more silt and clay Reproduction editPugnose minnows reproduce in late spring to early summer under debris that can be found in their habitat especially under rocks or logs Males will clear out the area under the rock and defend it from other males by using the tubercles found on their snout The female has to be led to the potential male s site and will investigate it as the male nudges her repeatedly with his dorsal fin to stimulate egg spawning Female pugnose minnows lay adhesive eggs that will stick to the underside of the rock the eggs will be laid either individually or in strings with approximately 120 eggs per clutch Males and females will repeat this process over the next 6 or 7 days After all the eggs have been laid the female has nothing else to do with the offspring the males will guard the eggs until they hatch which is around 6 days depending on the weather References edit NatureServe 2015 Opsopoeodus emiliae IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 e T202338A76574961 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2015 1 RLTS T202338A76574961 en Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2011 Opsopoeodus emiliae in FishBase August 2011 version Government of Canada Species at Risk Public Registry N p n d Web 23 Mar 2017 lt http www registrelep sararegistry gc ca species speciesDetails e cfm sid 107 gt Wildlife Ohio DNR Division of Ohio gov search Ohio DNR Division of Wildlife N p n d Web 23 Mar 2017 lt http wildlife ohiodnr gov species and habitats species guide index fish pugnose minnow gt Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pugnose minnow amp oldid 1216240849, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
