An oblast (Ukrainian: о́бласть, romanized: óblast', pronounced [ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ](listen); PLо́бласті, óblasti) in Ukraine, sometimes translated as region or province, is the main type of first-level administrative division of the country. Ukraine's territory is divided into 24 oblasts, as well as one autonomous republic and two cities with special status. Ukraine is a unitary state, thus the oblasts do not have much legal scope of competence other than that which is established in the Ukrainian Constitution and devolved by law. Articles 140–146 of Chapter XI of the constitution deal directly with local authorities and their competence.
Most of Ukraine's oblasts are named after their respective administrative centers, which are also the largest and most developed cities in the region. Oblast populations range from 904,000 in Chernivtsi Oblast to 4.4 million in the eastern Donetsk Oblast.
Original in 1932Edit
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, centered in Dnipropetrovsk (subdivided into raions)
Kharkiv Oblast, centered in Kharkiv (subdivided into raions)
Kyiv Oblast, centered in Kyiv (subdivided into raions)
Odesa Oblast, centered in Odesa (subdivided into raions)
Vinnytsia Oblast, centered in Vinnytsia (subdivided into raions)
raions of republican subordination (directly to Kharkiv)
Later there were added
Donetsk Oblast, centered in Stalino (initially – Artemivsk) (created on 17 July 1932 out of raions of Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovsk oblasts and raions of republican subordination)
Chernihiv Oblast, centered in Chernihiv (created on 15 October 1932 out of raions of Kharkiv and Kyiv oblasts)
Further division in 1937–1938Edit
Kamianets-Podilsk Oblast, centered in Kamianets-Podilsk (out of raions of Vinnytsia Oblast)
Mykolaiv Oblast, centered in Mykolaiv (out of raions of Odesa and Dnipropetrovsk oblasts)
Poltava Oblast, centered in Poltava (out of raions of Kharkiv and Kyiv oblasts)
Zhytomyr Oblast, centered in Zhytomyr (out of raions of Vinnytsia and Kyiv oblasts)
Donetsk Oblast was split into Stalino Oblast, centered in Stalino, and Voroshylovhrad Oblast, centered in Voroshylovhrad
New creations and World War II territorial expansions in 1939–1940Edit
Kirovohrad Oblast, centered in Kirovohrad (out of raions of Kyiv, Odesa, Poltava and Mykolaiv oblasts)
Sumy Oblast, centered in Sumy (out of raions of Chernihiv, Poltava and Kharkiv oblasts)
Zaporizhzhia Oblast, centered in Zaporizhzhia (out of raions of Dnipropetrovsk and Mykolaiv oblasts)
Drohobych Oblast, centered in Drohobych
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, centered in Ivano-Frankivsk
After 1935; including recently created Donetsk and Chernihiv Oblasts and border okrugs
Border okrugs are liquidated and four additional oblasts created in 1937
Creation of additional oblasts just before World War II
Post-war divisions of Ukraine
Constitutional provisions and authorityEdit
The Ukrainian constitution establishes Ukraine as a unitary state. The specific text of the constitution that refers to the territorial structure is as follows.
The territorial structure of Ukraine is based on the principles of unity and indivisibility of the state territory, the combination of centralisation and decentralisation in the exercise of state power, and the balanced socio-economic development of regions that takes into account their historical, economic, ecological, geographical and demographic characteristics, and ethnic and cultural traditions.
Each of Ukraine's oblasts has its own legislative and executive authority, most of which is subordinate to the central government authorities in Kyiv. Each region is administered under laws passed by the Ukrainian government and the Constitution of Ukraine. Each region levies its own taxes and, in return, receives a portion of its budget from Kyiv, which gives them a portion of the taxes it levies.[3]
Executive power in each of the oblasts (as well as in other subdivisions of Ukraine) is exercised by local elected administrations.[4] The heads of local administrations are in turn appointed and dismissed by the President of Ukraine upon nomination by the Cabinet of Ministers.[4][5] Since Ukraine is a unitary state, there is little true political power and weight that these local administrations actually hold. Carrying out their authority, the heads of local administrations are accountable to the President and are subordinate to higher bodies of executive leadership.[4] According to the Constitution the head of the heads of the local Oblast administrations should resign after a new President is elected.[6]
Legislative power in the oblast governments is exercised by their respective oblast councils, which in turn supervise the activities of local administrations.[4] They also have considerable budgets managed by an oblast council (Ukrainian: обласна рада) made up of people's deputies (representatives) voted into office in regional elections every four years, the last of which took place in 2020.
NomenclatureEdit
The name of each oblast is a relativeadjective, formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of respective center city. E.g. Poltava is a center of Poltavs'ka oblast' (Poltava Oblast). Most of them are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix "-shchyna". E.g. Poltava Oblast is also called Poltavshchyna.
Exceptions to this rule include two oblasts, Volyn and Zakarpattia, which retain the names of their respective historical regions, Volyn (Volhynia) and Zakarpattia (Transcarpathia), whose respective capitals are Lutsk and Uzhhorod.[7]
The capital cities of the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and Kirovohrad Oblast were renamed to Dnipro and Kropyvnytskyi in 2016 as part of a process of replacing Soviet toponyms. As the names of the oblasts are mentioned in the Ukrainian Constitution changing them requires a complicated and lengthy process, thus as of 2017 the two oblasts still formally retain their Soviet names.[7]
Stalino Oblast was the name of Donetsk Oblast 1938-41 and 1943-61 (created out of the united Donetsk Oblast 1932–38, German occupation 1941–43)
Akkerman Oblast was the name of Izmail Oblast 1940
Stanislav Oblast was the name of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast 1939–41 and 1944–62 (German occupation 1941–44)
Kamianetsk-Podilska Oblast was the name of Khmelnytskyi Oblast 1937-41 and 1944-54 (German occupation 1941–44, later transfer of administrative center to Khmelnytskyi)
Voroshylovhrad Oblast was the name of Luhansk Oblast 1938–42, 1943–58 and 1970–90 (German occupation 1942–43)
Tarnopil Oblast was the name of Ternopil Oblast 1939–41 (renamed soon after World War II)
The Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and Kirovohrad Oblast are pending renaming following the renaming of their capital cities to Dnipro and Kropyvnytskyi.
^ abcd"The Constitution of Ukraine". pravnyk.info (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 25 December 2011.
^Poroshenko to sign Saakashvili's resignation if Cabinet submits motion, Interfax-Ukraine (7 November 2016)
^(in Ukrainian)"Чемпіон міста. Як Кличко втримав Київ" [Champion of the city. How Klitschko kept Kyiv]. www.pravda.com.ua, Ukrayinska Pravda. 30 January 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
^"Российские оккупационные силы назначили своих «руководителей» в Херсоне и области". Крым.Реалии (in Russian). 26 April 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
External linksEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oblasts of Ukraine.
"Regions of Ukraine and their composition". Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 25 December 2011.
"Territorial Division of Ukraine" (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 25 December 2011.
"Territorial real estate of Ukraine(Kyiv)" (in Russian). Retrieved 24 February 2022.
Handbook on history of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union
August 28, 2023
oblasts, ukraine, oblast, ukrainian, бласть, romanized, óblast, pronounced, ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ, listen, бласті, óblasti, ukraine, sometimes, translated, region, province, main, type, first, level, administrative, division, country, ukraine, territory, divided, into, ob. An oblast Ukrainian o blast romanized oblast pronounced ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ listen PL o blasti oblasti in Ukraine sometimes translated as region or province is the main type of first level administrative division of the country Ukraine s territory is divided into 24 oblasts as well as one autonomous republic and two cities with special status Ukraine is a unitary state thus the oblasts do not have much legal scope of competence other than that which is established in the Ukrainian Constitution and devolved by law Articles 140 146 of Chapter XI of the constitution deal directly with local authorities and their competence Oblasts of UkraineSea of Azov Black Sea Dnieper Chernihiv Chernivtsi Cherkasy Dnipropetrovsk Donetsk Ivan Fr Kharkiv Kherson Kyiv Kirovohrad Khmel Luhansk Lviv Mykolaiv Odesa Poltava Rivne Sumy Ternopil Vinnytsia Volyn Zakarpattia Zaporizhzhia Zhytomyr Sevastopol Crimea Russia Belarus Poland Slov Hung Romania Moldova Serb CategoryFirst level subdivision of a unitary stateLocation UkraineCreated27 February 1932 91 years ago 1932 02 27 Number24 as of 1991 Populations897 000 Chernivtsi to 4 157 000 Donetsk Areas8 100 km2 3 126 sq mi Chernivtsi to 33 300 km2 12 860 sq mi Odesa GovernmentOblast State Administration Oblast CouncilSubdivisions136 raions districts nb 1 Oblasts are divided into raions each oblast having from 3 to 8 raions following the July 2020 reform 1 Contents 1 General characteristics 1 1 Original in 1932 1 2 Further division in 1937 1938 1 3 New creations and World War II territorial expansions in 1939 1940 1 4 Postwar 1 5 Maps 2 Constitutional provisions and authority 3 Nomenclature 4 List 4 1 Former 4 2 Renamed 5 Government 5 1 Governors and legislatures 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksGeneral characteristics EditIn Ukraine the term oblast denotes a primary administrative division Under the Russian Empire and into the 1920s Ukraine was divided between several governorates The term oblast was introduced in 1932 by Soviet authorities when the Ukrainian SSR was divided into seven oblasts replacing the previous subdivision system based on okruhas and encompassing 406 raions districts 2 The first oblasts were Vinnytsia Oblast Kyiv Oblast Odesa Oblast Kharkiv Oblast and Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Soon after that in the summer of 1932 Donetsk Oblast was formed out of eastern parts of Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovsk oblasts in the fall of 1932 Chernihiv Oblast was formed on the border of Kyiv and Kharkiv oblasts Between 1935 and 1938 there were several newly created and self governed special border okrugs okruhas located along the western border of the Soviet Union in Ukraine and Belarus Upon liquidation of the okrugs in 1937 1938 Kyiv Vinnytsia Odesa and Kharkiv oblasts were each split into four additional oblasts Zhytomyr Oblast Kamianets Podilsky Oblast later Khmelnytskyi Mykolaiv Oblast Poltava Oblast Just before World War II the Donetsk Oblast was split into Stalino Oblast and Voroshylovhrad Oblast and the Kirovohrad Oblast was created out of portions of Kyiv Mykolaiv and Odesa oblasts During World War II Ukraine added eight more oblasts of the West Ukraine and Bessarabia Upon the occupation of Ukraine by Nazi Germany the territory was split between General Government Kingdom of Romania and Reichskommissariat Ukraine and carried out a completely different administrative division see Reichskommissariat Ukraine With the re establishing of Soviet power in the state after the war the administrative division by oblast resumed adding one more oblast Zakarpattia In 1954 the Crimean Oblast was transferred from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic to the Ukrainian SSR parts of the surrounding oblasts were incorporated into the Cherkasy Oblast while Izmail Oblast was absorbed by Odesa Oblast In 1959 Drohobych Oblast was merged with Lviv Oblast Most of Ukraine s oblasts are named after their respective administrative centers which are also the largest and most developed cities in the region Oblast populations range from 904 000 in Chernivtsi Oblast to 4 4 million in the eastern Donetsk Oblast Original in 1932 Edit Dnipropetrovsk Oblast centered in Dnipropetrovsk subdivided into raions Kharkiv Oblast centered in Kharkiv subdivided into raions Kyiv Oblast centered in Kyiv subdivided into raions Odesa Oblast centered in Odesa subdivided into raions Vinnytsia Oblast centered in Vinnytsia subdivided into raions raions of republican subordination directly to Kharkiv Later there were addedDonetsk Oblast centered in Stalino initially Artemivsk created on 17 July 1932 out of raions of Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovsk oblasts and raions of republican subordination Chernihiv Oblast centered in Chernihiv created on 15 October 1932 out of raions of Kharkiv and Kyiv oblasts Further division in 1937 1938 Edit Kamianets Podilsk Oblast centered in Kamianets Podilsk out of raions of Vinnytsia Oblast Mykolaiv Oblast centered in Mykolaiv out of raions of Odesa and Dnipropetrovsk oblasts Poltava Oblast centered in Poltava out of raions of Kharkiv and Kyiv oblasts Zhytomyr Oblast centered in Zhytomyr out of raions of Vinnytsia and Kyiv oblasts Donetsk Oblast was split into Stalino Oblast centered in Stalino and Voroshylovhrad Oblast centered in VoroshylovhradNew creations and World War II territorial expansions in 1939 1940 Edit Kirovohrad Oblast centered in Kirovohrad out of raions of Kyiv Odesa Poltava and Mykolaiv oblasts Sumy Oblast centered in Sumy out of raions of Chernihiv Poltava and Kharkiv oblasts Zaporizhzhia Oblast centered in Zaporizhzhia out of raions of Dnipropetrovsk and Mykolaiv oblasts Drohobych Oblast centered in Drohobych Ivano Frankivsk Oblast centered in Ivano Frankivsk Lviv Oblast centered in Lviv Volyn Oblast centered in Lutsk Rivne Oblast centered in Rivne Tarnopol Oblast centered in Tarnopol Chernivtsi Oblast centered in Chernivtsi Izmail Oblast centered in IzmailPostwar Edit Kherson Oblast centered in Kherson Zakarpattia Oblast centered in Uzhhorod Cherkasy Oblast centered in Cherkasy Crimean Oblast centered in SimferopolMaps Edit The okruhas of Ukraine in 1929 1930 After 1935 including recently created Donetsk and Chernihiv Oblasts and border okrugs Border okrugs are liquidated and four additional oblasts created in 1937 Creation of additional oblasts just before World War II Post war divisions of UkraineConstitutional provisions and authority EditThe Ukrainian constitution establishes Ukraine as a unitary state The specific text of the constitution that refers to the territorial structure is as follows The territorial structure of Ukraine is based on the principles of unity and indivisibility of the state territory the combination of centralisation and decentralisation in the exercise of state power and the balanced socio economic development of regions that takes into account their historical economic ecological geographical and demographic characteristics and ethnic and cultural traditions Constitution of Ukraine Chapter IX Territorial Structure of Ukraine Article 132 Election results of the 2015 regional parliamentarian electionsEach of Ukraine s oblasts has its own legislative and executive authority most of which is subordinate to the central government authorities in Kyiv Each region is administered under laws passed by the Ukrainian government and the Constitution of Ukraine Each region levies its own taxes and in return receives a portion of its budget from Kyiv which gives them a portion of the taxes it levies 3 Executive power in each of the oblasts as well as in other subdivisions of Ukraine is exercised by local elected administrations 4 The heads of local administrations are in turn appointed and dismissed by the President of Ukraine upon nomination by the Cabinet of Ministers 4 5 Since Ukraine is a unitary state there is little true political power and weight that these local administrations actually hold Carrying out their authority the heads of local administrations are accountable to the President and are subordinate to higher bodies of executive leadership 4 According to the Constitution the head of the heads of the local Oblast administrations should resign after a new President is elected 6 Legislative power in the oblast governments is exercised by their respective oblast councils which in turn supervise the activities of local administrations 4 They also have considerable budgets managed by an oblast council Ukrainian oblasna rada made up of people s deputies representatives voted into office in regional elections every four years the last of which took place in 2020 Nomenclature EditThe name of each oblast is a relative adjective formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of respective center city E g Poltava is a center of Poltavs ka oblast Poltava Oblast Most of them are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form following the convention of traditional regional place names ending with the suffix shchyna E g Poltava Oblast is also called Poltavshchyna Exceptions to this rule include two oblasts Volyn and Zakarpattia which retain the names of their respective historical regions Volyn Volhynia and Zakarpattia Transcarpathia whose respective capitals are Lutsk and Uzhhorod 7 The capital cities of the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and Kirovohrad Oblast were renamed to Dnipro and Kropyvnytskyi in 2016 as part of a process of replacing Soviet toponyms As the names of the oblasts are mentioned in the Ukrainian Constitution changing them requires a complicated and lengthy process thus as of 2017 the two oblasts still formally retain their Soviet names 7 List EditRegion Area km2 Population 2022 Pop density Administrative center Raions Hromadas Cherkasy Oblast 20 891 1 198 000 61 80 Cherkasy 4 66 Chernihiv Oblast 31 851 3 994 000 34 67 Chernihiv 5 57 Chernivtsi Oblast 8 093 6 897 000 111 67 Chernivtsi 3 52 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast 31 900 5 3 214 000 104 83 Dnipro 7 86 Donetsk Oblast 26 505 7 4 157 000 167 81 Donetsk Kramatorsk 8 66 Ivano Frankivsk Oblast 13 894 0 1 382 000 99 38 Ivano Frankivsk 6 62 Kharkiv Oblast 31 401 6 2 683 000 87 74 Kharkiv 7 56 Kherson Oblast 28 449 1 026 000 38 35 Kherson 5 49 Khmelnytskyi Oblast 20 636 2 1 274 000 64 52 Khmelnytskyi 3 60 Kirovohrad Oblast 24 577 5 958 000 41 29 Kropyvnytskyi 4 49 Kyiv Oblast 28 118 9 1 775 000 61 15 Kyiv 7 69 Luhansk Oblast 26 672 5 2 145 000 86 25 Luhansk Sievierodonetsk 8 37 Lviv Oblast 21 823 7 2 515 000 116 65 Lviv 7 73 Mykolaiv Oblast 24 587 4 1 126 000 48 25 Mykolaiv 4 52 Odesa Oblast 33 295 9 2 395 000 71 71 Odesa 7 91 Poltava Oblast 28 735 8 1 392 000 51 98 Poltava 4 60 Rivne Oblast 20 038 5 1 146 000 57 52 Rivne 4 64 Sumy Oblast 23 823 9 1 094 000 48 97 Sumy 5 51 Ternopil Oblast 13 817 1 1 035 000 78 65 Ternopil 3 55 Vinnytsia Oblast 26 501 6 1 566 000 62 12 Vinnytsia 6 63 Volyn Oblast 20 135 3 1 046 000 51 56 Lutsk 4 54 Zakarpattia Oblast 12 771 5 1 247 000 97 59 Uzhhorod 6 64 Zaporizhzhia Oblast 27 168 5 1 699 000 66 45 Zaporizhzhia 5 67 Zhytomyr Oblast 29 819 2 1 213 000 43 03 Zhytomyr 4 65 Map of the administrative divisions of the Ukrainian SSR from 1946 1954 shows the Izmail Oblast and Drohobych Oblast Map of Ukraine with oblasts and largest citiesFormer Edit Izmail Oblast initially as Akkerman Oblast existed in 1940 41 and 1944 54 under Romanian occupation later was added to Odesa Oblast Drohobych Oblast existed from 1939 1941 and 1944 1959 under German occupation it was merged into Lviv Oblast Crimean Oblast 1954 1991 was transformed into Crimean ASSRRenamed Edit Stalino Oblast was the name of Donetsk Oblast 1938 41 and 1943 61 created out of the united Donetsk Oblast 1932 38 German occupation 1941 43 Akkerman Oblast was the name of Izmail Oblast 1940 Stanislav Oblast was the name of Ivano Frankivsk Oblast 1939 41 and 1944 62 German occupation 1941 44 Kamianetsk Podilska Oblast was the name of Khmelnytskyi Oblast 1937 41 and 1944 54 German occupation 1941 44 later transfer of administrative center to Khmelnytskyi Voroshylovhrad Oblast was the name of Luhansk Oblast 1938 42 1943 58 and 1970 90 German occupation 1942 43 Tarnopil Oblast was the name of Ternopil Oblast 1939 41 renamed soon after World War II The Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and Kirovohrad Oblast are pending renaming following the renaming of their capital cities to Dnipro and Kropyvnytskyi Government EditGovernors and legislatures Edit See also Chief of local state administration Name Executive LegislatureGovernor Current Governor Oblast Council Building No of seats Seating plan Cherkasy Governor of Cherkasy Oblast Ihor Taburets Cherkasy Oblast Council 64 Chernihiv Governor of Chernihiv Oblast Vyacheslav Chaus Chernihiv Oblast Council 64 Chernivtsi Governor of Chernivtsi Oblast Serhiy Osachuk Chernivtsi Oblast Council 64 Dnipropetrovsk Governor of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Valentyn Reznichenko Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Council 120 Donetsk Governor of Donetsk Oblast Pavlo Kyrylenko Donetsk Oblast Council 163 Ivano Frankivsk Governor of Ivano Frankivsk Oblast Svitlana Onyschuk Ivano Frankivsk Oblast Council 84 Kharkiv Governor of Kharkiv Oblast Oleh Synyehubov Kharkiv Oblast Council 120 Kherson Governor of Kherson Oblast Hennadiy Lahuta nb 2 Kherson Oblast Council 64 Khmelnytskyi Governor of Khmelnytskyi Oblast Serhiy Hamaliy Khmelnytskyi Oblast Council 64 Kyiv Governor of Kyiv Oblast Oleksiy Kuleba Kyiv Oblast Council 84 Kirovohrad Governor of Kirovohrad Oblast Oleh Synyehubov Kirovohrad Oblast Council 64 Luhansk Governor of Luhansk Oblast Artem Lysohor Luhansk Oblast Council 124 Lviv Governor of Lviv Oblast Maksym Kozytskyy Lviv Oblast Council 84 Mykolaiv Governor of Mykolaiv Oblast Vitaliy Kim Mykolaiv Oblast Council 64 Odesa Governor of Odesa Oblast Maksym Marchenko Odesa Oblast Council 84 Poltava Governor of Poltava Oblast Dmytro Lunin Poltava Oblast Council 84 Rivne Governor of Rivne Oblast Vitaliy Koval Rivne Oblast Council 64 Sumy Governor of Sumy Oblast Dmytro Zhyvytskyi Sumy Oblast Council 84 Ternopil Governor of Ternopil Oblast Volodymyr Trush Ternopil Oblast Council 64 Vinnytsia Governor of Vinnytsia Oblast Serhiy Borzov Vinnytsia Oblast Council 84 Volyn Governor of Volyn Oblast Yuriy Pohuliaiko Volyn Oblast Council 64 Zakarpattia Governor of Zakarpattia Oblast Viktor Mykyta Zakarpattia Oblast Council 64 Zaporizhia Governor of Zaporizhia Oblast Oleksandr Starukh Zaporizhia Oblast Council 84 Zhytomyr Governor of Zhytomyr Oblast Vitaliy Bunechko Zhytomyr Oblast Council 64 See also Edit Ukraine portalGeography of Ukraine ISO 3166 2 UA List of etymologies of country subdivision names Ukraine List of places named after people Ukraine Ukrainian historical regionsNotes Edit A total of 136 raions exist within the first level subdivisions of Ukraine including the 24 oblasts and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea The position is disputed Volodymyr Saldo was appointed Governor on 26 April 2022 by the Russian military following the occupation of Kherson Oblast 8 References Edit Novi rajoni karti sklad decentralization gov ua in Ukrainian Archived from the original on 10 June 2022 Retrieved 24 July 2022 Ukraine Regions Statoids Retrieved 25 December 2011 Constitution of Ukraine Chapter IX Territorial Structure of Ukraine Article 143 a b c d The Constitution of Ukraine pravnyk info in Ukrainian Retrieved 25 December 2011 Poroshenko to sign Saakashvili s resignation if Cabinet submits motion Interfax Ukraine 7 November 2016 in Ukrainian Chempion mista Yak Klichko vtrimav Kiyiv Champion of the city How Klitschko kept Kyiv www pravda com ua Ukrayinska Pravda 30 January 2020 Retrieved 26 February 2022 a b Ukraine The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency Retrieved 25 December 2011 Rossijskie okkupacionnye sily naznachili svoih rukovoditelej v Hersone i oblasti Krym Realii in Russian 26 April 2022 Retrieved 2022 04 27 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oblasts of Ukraine Regions of Ukraine and their composition Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in Ukrainian Retrieved 25 December 2011 Territorial Division of Ukraine in Ukrainian Retrieved 25 December 2011 Territorial real estate of Ukraine Kyiv in Russian Retrieved 24 February 2022 Handbook on history of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Oblasts of Ukraine amp oldid 1170145289, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,