Quercus ellipsoidalis
Quercus ellipsoidalis, the northern pin oak or Hill's oak, is a North American species of oak tree native to the north-central United States and south-central Canada, primarily in the Great Lakes region and the Upper Mississippi Valley.[2] It most commonly occurs on dry, sandy soils.[3]
| Northern pin oak | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | Quercus |
| Subgenus: | Quercus subg. Quercus |
| Section: | Quercus sect. Lobatae |
| Species: | Q. ellipsoidalis |
| Binomial name | |
| Quercus ellipsoidalis | |
| Natural range (in the US) | |
Description edit
Quercus ellipsoidalis is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 20 meters (66 feet) tall with an open, rounded crown. The leaves are glossy green, 7–13 centimetres (2+3⁄4–5 inches) long and 5–10 cm (2–4 in) broad, lobed, with five or seven lobes, and deep sinuses between the lobes. Each lobe has 3–7 bristle-tipped teeth. The leaf is nearly hairless, except for small tufts of pale orange-brown down where the lobe veins join the central vein. The acorns tend to be ellipsoid (ellipse-shaped, from which its scientific name derives), though they tend to be highly variable and range to globose, 6–11 millimetres (1⁄4–7⁄16 in) long and 10–19 mm (13⁄32–3⁄4 in) broad, a third to a half covered in a deep cup, green maturing pale brown about 18 months after pollination; the kernel is very bitter. The inner surface of the acorn cap is glabrous (hairless) to sparsely or moderately pubescent, and the hairs if present tend to be kinky rather than straight.[4][5]
Taxonomy edit
Although the common name suggests a resemblance to the pin oak (Q. palustris), Q. ellipsoidalis has traditionally been thought to be closely related to the scarlet oak (Q. coccinea), and was in fact included in that species by many botanists. Recent work suggests that there is more gene flow between Hill's oak and black oak (Q. velutina), but the phylogenetic position of these species is still uncertain.[6] The morphological similarity between Q. ellipsoidalis and Q. coccinea remains a source of confusion, especially in northwestern Indiana and southern Cook County, Illinois.[6][7]
Uses edit
Northern pin oak is planted as an ornamental tree, popular for its bright red fall color and tolerance of infertile sandy soils. The wood is used for fence posts, fuel and general construction. The cultivar 'Hemelrijk' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[8][9]
References edit
- ^ Wenzell, K.; Kenny, L.; Jerome, D. (2017). "Quercus ellipsoidalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T33896A111335227. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T33896A111335227.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ "Quercus ellipsoidalis". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
- ^ Michigan Flora Online. A. A. Reznicek, E. G. Voss, & B. S. Walters. February 2011. University of Michigan. Web. 26 August 2020.
- ^ Nixon, Kevin C. (1997). "Quercus ellipsoidalis". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ "Quercus ellipsoidalis". Oaks of the Americas.
- ^ a b Hipp AL, JA Weber (2008) Systematic Botany 33: 148-158
- ^ Ongoing research at The Morton Arboretum into the taxonomy of Hill's oak, including SEM images of the pubescence on the inner surface of the acorn cap
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder – Quercus ellipsoidalis 'Hemelrijk'". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
- ^ "AGM Plants – Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 83. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
External links edit
- Media related to Quercus ellipsoidalis at Wikimedia Commons
- Data related to Quercus ellipsoidalis at Wikispecies
- Photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Illinois in 1899