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Northern Low Saxon (in Standard High German: Nordniedersächsisch, also Nordniederdeutsch,[1] lit. North(ern) Low German; in Standard Dutch: Noord-Nedersaksisch) is a subgroup of Low Saxon dialects of Low German. As such, it covers a great part of the West Low German-speaking areas of northern Germany, with the exception of the border regions where South Low Saxon (Eastphalian and Westphalian) is spoken, and Gronings dialect in the Netherlands.
Northern Low Saxon can be divided into Holsteinian (Holsteinisch), Schleswigian (Schleswigsch), East Frisian Low Saxon, Dithmarsch (Dithmarsisch), North Hanoveranian (Nordhannoversch), Emslandish (Emsländisch), and Oldenburgish (Oldenburgisch) in Germany,[2] with additional dialects in the Netherlands such as Gronings.[3]
Schleswigsch (German pronunciation:[ˈʃleːsvɪkʃ]) is spoken in Schleswig, which is divided between Germany and Denmark. It is mainly based on a South Jutlandicsubstrate. Therefore, it has some notable differences in pronunciation and grammar with its southern neighbour dialects. The dialects on the west coast of Schleswig (Nordfriesland district) and some islands show some North Frisian influences.[citation needed]
Oldenburgisch is spoken around the city of Oldenburg. It is limited to Germany. The main difference between it and East Frisian Low Saxon, which is spoken in the Frisian parts of Lower Saxony, is the lack of an East Frisian substrate. Oldenburgisch is spoken in the city of Bremen as "Bremian", which is the only capital where Oldenburgisch is spoken.
Emsländisch and Oldenburgisch are also grouped together as Emsländisch-Oldenburgisch, while Bremen and Hamburg lie in the area of Nordhannoversch (in a broader sense).[7][8]
gahn[ɡɒːn] (to go): Ik büngahn[ɪkbʏŋˈɡɒːn] (I have gone/I went)
seilen[zaˑɪln] (to sail): He hettseilt[hɛɪhɛtˈzaˑɪlt] (He (has) sailed)
kopen[ˈkʰoʊpm̩] (to buy): Wi harrnköfft[vihaːŋˈkœft] (We had bought)
kamen[ˈkɒːm̩] (to come): Ji sündkamen[ɟizʏŋˈkɒːm̩] (You (all) have come/You came)
eten[ˈeːtn̩] (to eat): Se hebbteten[zɛɪhɛptˈʔeːtn̩] (They have eaten/They ate)
The diminutive (-je) (Dutch and East Frisian Low Saxon -tje, Eastphalian -ke, High German -chen, Alemannic -le, li) is hardly used. Some examples are Buscherumpje, a fisherman's shirt, or lüttje, a diminutive of lütt, little. Instead the adjective lütt is used, e.g. dat lütte Huus, de lütte Deern, de lütte Jung.
There are a lot of special characteristics in the vocabulary, too, but they are shared partly with other languages and dialects, e.g.:
Personal pronouns: ik[ɪk] (like Dutch ik), du[du] (like German Du), he[hɛɪ] (like Dutch hij), se[zɛɪ] (like Dutch zij), dat[dat] (Dutch dat), wi[vi], ji[ɟi] (similar to English ye, Dutch jij), se[zɛɪ].
^ abReinhard Goltz, Andrea Kleene, Niederdeutsch, in: Rahel Beyer, Albrecht Plewnia (eds.), Handbuch der Sprachminderheiten in Deutschland, 2020, p. 191
^Noble, Cecil A. M. (1983). Modern German dialects, New York / Berne / Frankfort on the Main, Peter Lang, p. 103-104
^Wolfgang Lindow, Dieter Möhn, Hermann Niebaum, Dieter Stellmacher, Hans Taubken and Jan Wirrer, Niederdeutsche Grammatik, 1998, p. 18f.
^Heinrich Thies. Fehrs-Gilde (ed.). "1.1.1.4 Sog. Nordniedersächsisch (Nordniederdeutsch)". Retrieved 21 September 2023., in: Heinrich Thies. Fehrs-Gilde (ed.). "SASS Plattdeutsche Grammatik". Retrieved 21 September 2023.
^C. A. M. Noble, Modern German dialects, 1983, p. 117
^Michael Elmentaler and Peter Rosenberg (with the collaboration of others), Norddeutscher Sprachatlas (NOSA). Band 1: Regiolektale Sprachlagen, (series: Deutsche Dialektgeographie 113.1), Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim, 2015, p. 89 (map: Karte 1: Untersuchungsregionen und -orte des Projekts „Sprachvariation in Norddeutschland“), 97 (map: Karte 6: Vergleichskorpus (2): Sprachdaten aus dem KÖNIG-Korpus (1975/76))
^Jan Wirrer, Sprachwissen – Spracherfahrung: Untersuchungen zum metasprachlichen Wissen sprachwissenschaftlicher Laien, (series: Deutsche Dialektgeographie 116), Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim, 2021, p. 10
External linksedit
Plattmakers' Northern Low Saxon dictionary
November 18, 2023
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For other uses see Low Saxon This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia s quality standards You can help The talk page may contain suggestions May 2009 This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Northern Low Saxon news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message Northern Low Saxon in Standard High German Nordniedersachsisch also Nordniederdeutsch 1 lit North ern Low German in Standard Dutch Noord Nedersaksisch is a subgroup of Low Saxon dialects of Low German As such it covers a great part of the West Low German speaking areas of northern Germany with the exception of the border regions where South Low Saxon Eastphalian and Westphalian is spoken and Gronings dialect in the Netherlands Northern Low SaxonNorth Low Saxon North SaxonNative toGermany Northeastern NetherlandsRegionLower Saxony Bremen Schleswig Holstein Hamburg Groningen DrentheLanguage familyIndo European GermanicWest GermanicNorth Sea GermanicLow GermanWest Low German 1 Northern Low GermanNorthern Low SaxonDialectsSchleswigsch Holsteinisch Oldenburgisch East Frisian Low Saxon North Hanoveranian Dithmarsisch Emslandisch GroningsLanguage codesISO 639 2 span class plainlinks nds span ISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code nds class extiw title iso639 3 nds nds a partial Glottologostf1234 North Low Saxonnort2628 German Northern Low Saxon Contents 1 Dialects 1 1 Overviews 2 Characteristics 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksDialects editNorthern Low Saxon can be divided into Holsteinian Holsteinisch Schleswigian Schleswigsch East Frisian Low Saxon Dithmarsch Dithmarsisch North Hanoveranian Nordhannoversch Emslandish Emslandisch and Oldenburgish Oldenburgisch in Germany 2 with additional dialects in the Netherlands such as Gronings 3 Holsteinisch is spoken in Holstein the southern part of Schleswig Holstein in Germany in Dithmarschen around Neumunster Rendsburg Kiel and Lubeck Schleswigsch German pronunciation ˈʃleːsvɪkʃ is spoken in Schleswig which is divided between Germany and Denmark It is mainly based on a South Jutlandic substrate Therefore it has some notable differences in pronunciation and grammar with its southern neighbour dialects The dialects on the west coast of Schleswig Nordfriesland district and some islands show some North Frisian influences citation needed Oldenburgisch is spoken around the city of Oldenburg It is limited to Germany The main difference between it and East Frisian Low Saxon which is spoken in the Frisian parts of Lower Saxony is the lack of an East Frisian substrate Oldenburgisch is spoken in the city of Bremen as Bremian which is the only capital where Oldenburgisch is spoken Overviews edit a 4 Schleswigsch Holsteinisch Hamburgisch Bremisch Oldenburgisch Ostfriesisch East Frisian Emslandischb 5 Ostfriesisch East Frisian Emslandisch Bremisch Oldenburgisch Nordhannoversch Niederelbisch Hamburg Elbmarschen Holsteinisch Schleswigschc 6 Dithmarsch Schleswigsch Schleswigian Holsteinisch Holsteinian Oldenburgisch Emslandisch NordhannoverschEmslandisch and Oldenburgisch are also grouped together as Emslandisch Oldenburgisch while Bremen and Hamburg lie in the area of Nordhannoversch in a broader sense 7 8 Characteristics editThe most obvious common character in grammar is the forming of the perfect participle It is formed without a prefix as in all North Germanic languages as well as English and Frisian but unlike standard German Dutch and some dialects of Westphalian and Eastphalian Low Saxon gahn ɡɒːn to go Ik bun gahn ɪkbʏŋˈɡɒːn I have gone I went seilen zaˑɪln to sail He hett seilt hɛɪhɛtˈzaˑɪlt He has sailed kopen ˈkʰoʊpm to buy Wi harrn kofft vihaːŋˈkœft We had bought kamen ˈkɒːm to come Ji sund kamen ɟizʏŋˈkɒːm You all have come You came eten ˈeːtn to eat Se hebbt eten zɛɪhɛptˈʔeːtn They have eaten They ate The diminutive je Dutch and East Frisian Low Saxon tje Eastphalian ke High German chen Alemannic le li is hardly used Some examples are Buscherumpje a fisherman s shirt or luttje a diminutive of lutt little Instead the adjective lutt is used e g dat lutte Huus de lutte Deern de lutte Jung There are a lot of special characteristics in the vocabulary too but they are shared partly with other languages and dialects e g Personal pronouns ik ɪk like Dutch ik du du like German Du he hɛɪ like Dutch hij se zɛɪ like Dutch zij dat dat Dutch dat wi vi ji ɟi similar to English ye Dutch jij se zɛɪ Interrogatives English High German wo voʊ woans voʊˈʔaˑns how wie wo laat voʊˈlɒːt how late wie spat wokeen voʊˈkʰɛˑɪn who wer woneem voʊˈneːm where wo wokeen sien voʊˈkʰɛˑɪnziːn wen sien vɛˑnziːn whose wessen Adverbs English High German laat lɒːt late spat gau ɡaˑʊ fast schnell suutje ˈzutɕe slowly carefully langsam vorsichtig from Dutch zoetjes ˈzutɕes nice and easy adverbial diminutive of zoet ˈzut sweet vigeliensch fiɡeˈliːnʃ difficult tricky schwierig Prepositions English High German bi biː by at bei achter ˈaxtɐ behind hinter vor fœɐ before in front of vor blangen ˈblaˑŋ beside next to alongside neben twuschen ˈtvʏʃn betwixt between zwischen mang mank maˑŋk among unter See also editLanguages of Germany Middle Low GermanReferences edit a b Reinhard Goltz Andrea Kleene Niederdeutsch in Rahel Beyer Albrecht Plewnia eds Handbuch der Sprachminderheiten in Deutschland 2020 p 191 Noble Cecil A M 1983 Modern German dialects New York Berne Frankfort on the Main Peter Lang p 103 104 Hammarstrom Harald Forke Robert Haspelmath Martin Bank Sebastian eds 2020 North Low Saxon Glottolog 4 3 Wolfgang Lindow Dieter Mohn Hermann Niebaum Dieter Stellmacher Hans Taubken and Jan Wirrer Niederdeutsche Grammatik 1998 p 18f Heinrich Thies Fehrs Gilde ed 1 1 1 4 Sog Nordniedersachsisch Nordniederdeutsch Retrieved 21 September 2023 in Heinrich Thies Fehrs Gilde ed SASS Plattdeutsche Grammatik Retrieved 21 September 2023 C A M Noble Modern German dialects 1983 p 117 Michael Elmentaler and Peter Rosenberg with the collaboration of others Norddeutscher Sprachatlas NOSA Band 1 Regiolektale Sprachlagen series Deutsche Dialektgeographie 113 1 Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim 2015 p 89 map Karte 1 Untersuchungsregionen und orte des Projekts Sprachvariation in Norddeutschland 97 map Karte 6 Vergleichskorpus 2 Sprachdaten aus dem KONIG Korpus 1975 76 Jan Wirrer Sprachwissen Spracherfahrung Untersuchungen zum metasprachlichen Wissen sprachwissenschaftlicher Laien series Deutsche Dialektgeographie 116 Georg Olms Verlag Hildesheim 2021 p 10External links editPlattmakers Northern Low Saxon dictionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Northern Low Saxon amp oldid 1176380991, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
