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North Carolina in the American Civil War

October 15, 2023

This article is about the Confederate state of North Carolina between 1861 and 1865. For the ship, see CSS North Carolina. For other uses, see North Carolina (disambiguation).

During the American Civil War, North Carolina joined the Confederacy with some reluctance, mainly due to the presence of Unionist sentiment within the state.[2] A popular vote in February, 1861 on the issue of secession was won by the unionists but not by a wide margin.[3] This slight lean in favor of staying in the Union would shift towards the Confederacy in response to Abraham Lincoln's April 15 proclamation that requested 75,000 troops from all Union states, leading to North Carolina's secession.[4] Similar to Arkansas, Tennessee, and Virginia, North Carolina wished to remain uninvolved in the likely war but felt forced to pick a side by the proclamation. Throughout the war, North Carolina widely remained a divided state. The population within the Appalachian Mountains in the western part of the state contained large pockets of Unionism.[5] Even so, North Carolina would help contribute a significant amount of troops to the Confederacy,[6] and channel many vital supplies through the major port of Wilmington, in defiance of the Union blockade.

North Carolina
Nickname(s): "Tar Heel State"

Flag (1861)

Great Seal (1836–1883)


Map of the Confederate States
CapitalRaleigh
Largest cityWilmington
Admitted to the ConfederacyMay 20, 1861 (10th)
Population
  • 992,622 total
  •  • 661,563 (66.64%) free
  •  • 331,059 (33.36%) slave
Forces supplied
  • - Confederate troops: 125,000
    - Union troops: 15,000 (10,000 white; 5,000 black)[1] total
GovernorHenry Clark (1861–1862)
Zebulon Vance (1862–1865)
SenatorsGeorge Davis (1862–1864)
Edwin Reade (1864)
William Graham (1864–1865)
William Dortch (1862–1865)
RepresentativesList
Restored to the UnionJuly 4, 1868

Fighting occurred sporadically in the state from September 1861, when Union Major General Ambrose Burnside set about capturing key ports and cities, notably Roanoke Island and New Bern.[2] In 1864, the Confederates assumed the offensive, temporarily reconquering Plymouth, while the Union Army launched several attempts to seize Fort Fisher.[6] The last remaining major Confederate army, under Joseph E. Johnston, surrendered at Bennett Place, near Durham, to William Tecumseh Sherman in April 1865.[6] Troops from North Carolina played major roles in dozens of battles in other states, including Gettysburg, where Tar Heels were prominent in Pickett's Charge.[7]

North Carolina would also raise troops to fight in Union regiments. The 3rd North Carolina Cavalry helped take part in the Battle of Bull's Gap, Battle of Red Banks, and Stoneman's 1864 and 1865 raids in western North Carolina, southwest Virginia, and eastern Tennessee.[6] The Department of North Carolina, established in 1862, seized Wilmington in 1865,[6] then the state's largest city. The North Carolina–based XVIII Corps was also among the largest in the Union Army.

Origins Edit

The great popular heart is not now and never has been in this war. It was a revolution of the politicians, not the people.

— Zebulon Vance, Governor of North Carolina, 1862-1865

In the mid-19th century, North Carolina was a picture of contrasts. On the Coastal Plain, it was largely a plantation state with a long history of slavery.[5] In the more rural and mountainous western part of the state, there were no plantations and few slaves.[5] These differing perspectives showed themselves in the fraught election of 1860 and its aftermath. North Carolina's electoral votes went to Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge, an adamant supporter of slavery who hoped to extend the "peculiar institution" to the United States' western territories, rather than to the Constitutional Union candidate, John Bell, who carried much of the Upper South.[7] North Carolina (in marked contrast to most of the states that Breckinridge carried) was reluctant to secede from the Union when it became clear that Republican Abraham Lincoln had won the presidential election.[7] North Carolina did not secede until May 20, 1861, after the fall of Fort Sumter in South Carolina, and the secession of the Upper South's bellwether, Virginia.[7] The next day, on May 21, North Carolina was admitted to the Confederate States. The law admitting the state required a presidential proclamation before it was to take effect,[5] which sources say took place on this date;[7] the only primary source found so far is a statement from Jefferson Davis on July 20 stating that the proclamation had been made.[8]

Some white North Carolinians, especially yeoman farmers who owned few or no slaves, felt ambivalently about the Confederacy; draft-dodging, desertion, and tax evasion were common during the Civil War years, especially in the Union-friendly western part of the state.[9] These North Carolinians, often in disagreement with the aristocracy of eastern planters, along with African Americans across the state, helped in numbering around 15,000 troops who served in the Union Army.[10] North Carolina Union troops helped fight to occupy territory in the mountainous regions of North Carolina and Tennessee, as well as the coastal plains of North Carolina, sometimes with troops from other states.[9] Central and Eastern white North Carolinians were often more supportive of the Confederate cause.[11]

Initially, the policy of the Confederate populace was to embargo cotton shipments to Europe in hope of forcing them to recognize the Confederacy's independence, thereby allowing trade to resume.[12] The plan failed, and furthermore the Union's naval blockade of Southern ports drastically shrunk North Carolina's international commerce via shipping.[12] Internally, the Confederacy had far fewer railroads than the Union. The breakdown of the Confederate transportation system took a heavy toll on North Carolina residents, as did the runaway inflation of the war years and food shortages in the cities.[12] In the spring of 1863, there were food riots in Salisbury.[12]

Although there was little military combat in the Western districts, the psychological tensions grew greater and greater. Historians John C. Inscoe and Gordon B. McKinney argue that in the western mountains "differing ideologies turned into opposing loyalties, and those divisions eventually proved as disruptive as anything imposed by outside armies....As the mountains came to serve as refuges and hiding places for deserters, draft dodgers, escaped slaves, and escaped prisoners of war, the conflict became even more localized and internalized, and at the same time became far messier, less rational, and more mean-spirited, vindictive, and personal" (Inscoe and Mckinney).[11]

Campaigns in North Carolina Edit

 
Battles of the Civil War

From September 1861 until July 1862, Union Major General Ambrose Burnside, commander of the Department of North Carolina, formed the North Carolina Expeditionary Corps and set about capturing key ports and cities.[6] His successes at the Battle of Roanoke Island and the Battle of New Bern helped cement Federal control of a part of coastal Carolina.

Fighting continued in North Carolina sporadically throughout the war. In 1864, the Confederates assumed the offensive in North Carolina, trying to recover some of the territory lost to Burnside's expedition.[6] They failed to retake New Bern, but reconquered Plymouth and held it for six months. Moreover, the Union Army launched several attempts to seize Fort Fisher and finally did in 1865.[6] In the war's closing days, a large Federal force under General William Tecumseh Sherman marched into North Carolina, and in a series of movements that became known as the Carolinas Campaign, occupied much of the state and defeated the Confederates in several key battles, including Averasborough and Bentonville.[6] The surrender of General Joseph E. Johnston's Confederate army at Bennett Place in April 1865 essentially ended the war in the Eastern Theater.[6]

Battles in North Carolina Edit

See also: List of American Civil War battles

The following are the major battles of the Civil War that were fought in North Carolina:[13][14]

Battle Date Location Outcome
Battle of Albemarle Sound May 5, 1864 Albemarle Sound Inconclusive
Battle of Averasborough March 16, 1865 Harnett and Cumberland Counties Inconclusive
Battle of Bentonville March 19–21, 1865 Johnston County Union victory
Battle of Fort Anderson March 13–16, 1863 Craven County Union victory
Battle of Fort Fisher I December 23–27, 1864 New Hanover County Confederate victory
Battle of Fort Fisher II January 13–15, 1865 New Hanover County Union victory
Siege of Fort Macon March 23, 1862 - Apr 26, 1862 Carteret County Union victory
Battle of Goldsboro Bridge December 17, 1862 Wayne County Union victory
Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries August 28–29, 1861 Outer Banks Union victory
Battle of Kinston December 14, 1862 Lenoir County Union victory
Battle of Monroe's Cross Roads March 10, 1865 Hoke County Inconclusive
Battle of Morrisville April 13–15, 1865 Wake County Union victory
Battle of New Bern March 14, 1862 Craven County Union victory
Battle of Plymouth April 17–20, 1864 Washington County Confederate victory
Battle of Roanoke Island February 7–8, 1862 Dare County Union victory
Battle of South Mills April 19, 1862 Camden County Confederate victory
Battle of Tranter's Creek June 5, 1862 Pitt County Union victory
Battle of Washington March 30, 1863 – April 20, 1863 Beaufort County Inconclusive
Battle of White Hall December 16, 1862 Wayne County Draw
Battle of Wilmington February 11–22, 1865 New Hanover County Union victory
Battle of Wyse Fork March 7–10, 1865 Lenoir County Tactical Union victory, Strategic Confederate victory
Campaign of the Carolinas January 1 – April 26, 1865 North and South Carolina Decisive Union victory

Government and politics Edit

 
Union propaganda showing North Carolina's Seal being held by the Devil

Henry Toole Clark served as the state's governor from July 1861 to September 1862.[15] Clark founded a Confederate prison in North Carolina, set up European purchasing connections, and built a successful gunpowder mill. His successor Zebulon Vance further increased state assistance for the soldiers in the field.[15]

As the war went on, William Woods Holden became a quiet critic of the Confederate government, and a leader of the North Carolina peace movement. In 1864, he was the unsuccessful "peace candidate" against incumbent Governor Vance.[15] Unionists in North Carolina formed a group called the "Heroes of America" that was allied with the United States. Numbering nearly 10,000 men, a few of them possibly black, they helped Southern Unionists escape to U.S. lines.[9]

 
"Silent Sam" Confederate memorial on the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill campus (now removed)

The North Carolina General Assembly of 1868–1869 ratified the Fourteenth Amendment on July 4, 1868, which readmitted North Carolina to the Union.[16]

Notable Confederate leaders from North Carolina Edit

Notable Union leaders from North Carolina Edit

North Carolina during Reconstruction Edit

Following the end of the Civil War, North Carolina was part of the Second Military District.[17][18] Major General John M. Schofield was the military leader in charge of North Carolina for roughly a month, in which he implemented a temporary recovery to provide aid to the people of North Carolina.[19] On May 29, 1865, President Andrew Johnson proclaimed the appointment of William W. Holden, as the provisional governor of North Carolina.[19] President Johnson's appointment also allowed North Carolina to set up a state convention to rejoin the union, which required the convention to declare the secession null, abolish slavery, and take an amnesty oath. There would still be a military governor, in the form of Schofield's replacement, Brigadier General Thomas H. Ruger, who would try to cooperate with Holden, such as the removal of most African American soldiers from North Carolina. On July 22, 1868, after multiple other military leaders, the power of military power over North Carolina ended, marking the end of military reconstruction for North Carolina and the Second Military District.[20]

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ North Carolina in the Civil War – Legends of America. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Civil War Era NC".
  3. ^ "First Convention Vote".
  4. ^ "Lincoln's Proclamation".
  5. ^ a b c d John C. Inscoe and Gordon B. McKinney (2003). The Heart of Confederate Appalachia: Western North Carolina in the Civil War. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 9.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "North Carolina in the Civil War".
  7. ^ a b c d e "Secession". John Locke Foundation.
  8. ^ Confederate Congress 1861, 1:272. (View the page cited)
  9. ^ a b c Foner, Eric (March 1989). . American Heritage. Vol. 40, no. 2. American Heritage Publishing Company. p. 3. Archived from the original on January 3, 2015. Retrieved December 18, 2013.
  10. ^ FAQs about North Carolina and the Civil War. North Carolina Museum of History. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
  11. ^ a b John C. Inscoe and Gordon B. McKinney (2003). The Heart of Confederate Appalachia: Western North Carolina in the Civil War. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 9.
  12. ^ a b c d Brooks D. Simpson (2013). The Civil War: The Third Year Told by Those Who Lived It: (Library of America #234). Library of America. p. 193.
  13. ^ "North Carolina Civil War Battles". National Park Service. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
  14. ^ Dyer, Frederick H. (2016). The War of the Rebellion a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Official Records of the Civil War). THA New Media LLC/Compiler.
  15. ^ a b c R. Matthew Poteat (2009). Henry Toole Clark: Civil War Governor of North Carolina. McFarland. pp. 90–118.
  16. ^ Release, Allen W. (2006). "Reconstruction". NCPEDIA. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
  17. ^ "Full Organization Authority Record: War Department. Second Military District. (03/11/1867 - 07/28/1868)". U.S. National Archives. Retrieved April 3, 2013.
  18. ^ "Landmark Legislation: The Reconstruction Act of 1867". United States Senate. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
  19. ^ a b Bradley, Mark. The Army and Reconstruction. Center of Military History US Army, Washington D.C. 2015. P 13-15. The Army and Reconstruction, 1865-1877
  20. ^ Bradley, Mark (2009). Bluecoats and Tar Heels: Soldiers and Civilians in Reconstruction North Carolina (New Directions In Southern History) Kindle Edition. Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. pp. Location 2437.

Further reading Edit

  • Barrett, John G. (1963). The Civil War in North Carolina. University of North Carolina Press.
  • Barrett, John Gilcrest (1984). The Civil War in North Carolina. North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources.
  • Carbone, John S. (2001). The Civil War in Coastal North Carolina. North Carolina Division of Archives and History.
  • Clinard, Karen L.; Richard Russell, eds. (2008). Fear in North Carolina: The Civil War Journals and Letters of the Henry Family. Winston-Salem, NC: John F. Blair Publishing.
  • Erslev, Major Brit K. (2015). Taming the Tar Heel Department: DH Hill and the Challenges of Operational-Level Command during the American Civil War. Pickle Partners Publishing.
  • Hardy, Michael C. (2011). North Carolina in the Civil War. The History Press.
  • Inscoe, John C. and Gordon B. McKinney (2000). The Heart of Confederate Appalachia: Western North Carolina in the Civil War. University of North Carolina Press.
  • McSween, Murdoch John (2012). Confederate Incognito: The Civil War Reports of "Long Grabs", aka Murdoch John McSween, 26th and 35th North Carolina Infantry. McFarland.
  • Mobley, Joe A. (2012). Confederate Generals of North Carolina: Tar Heels in Command. Arcadia Publishing.
  • Myers, Barton A. (2014). Rebels Against the Confederacy: North Carolina's Unionists. Cambridge University Press.
  • Poteat, R. Matthew (2009). Henry Toole Clark: Civil War Governor of North Carolina. McFarland. pp. 90–118.
  • Reid, Richard M. (2008). Freedom for Themselves: North Carolina's Black Soldiers in the Civil War Era. University of North Carolina Press.
  • Silkenat, David (2015). Driven from Home: North Carolina's Civil War Refugee Crisis. University of Georgia Press.

Historiography and memory Edit

  • Laws, William Christopher. 'The Millennium of Their Glory': Public Memory and War Monuments in North Carolina, 1865-1929 (2022).
  • Smith, Blanche Lucas (1941). North Carolina's Confederate monuments and memorials. North Carolina Division, United Daughters of the Confederacy.

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to North Carolina in the American Civil War.
  • North Carolina in the Civil War at NCpedia
Preceded by List of C.S. states by date of admission to the Confederacy
Admitted on May 20, 1861 (10th) 		Succeeded by

35°30′N 80°00′W / 35.5°N 80°W / 35.5; -80

October 15, 2023
north, carolina, american, civil, this, article, about, confederate, state, north, carolina, between, 1861, 1865, ship, north, carolina, other, uses, north, carolina, disambiguation, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corres. This article is about the Confederate state of North Carolina between 1861 and 1865 For the ship see CSS North Carolina For other uses see North Carolina disambiguation This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations June 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message During the American Civil War North Carolina joined the Confederacy with some reluctance mainly due to the presence of Unionist sentiment within the state 2 A popular vote in February 1861 on the issue of secession was won by the unionists but not by a wide margin 3 This slight lean in favor of staying in the Union would shift towards the Confederacy in response to Abraham Lincoln s April 15 proclamation that requested 75 000 troops from all Union states leading to North Carolina s secession 4 Similar to Arkansas Tennessee and Virginia North Carolina wished to remain uninvolved in the likely war but felt forced to pick a side by the proclamation Throughout the war North Carolina widely remained a divided state The population within the Appalachian Mountains in the western part of the state contained large pockets of Unionism 5 Even so North Carolina would help contribute a significant amount of troops to the Confederacy 6 and channel many vital supplies through the major port of Wilmington in defiance of the Union blockade North CarolinaNickname s Tar Heel State Flag 1861 Great Seal 1836 1883 Map of the Confederate StatesCapitalRaleighLargest cityWilmingtonAdmitted to the ConfederacyMay 20 1861 10th Population992 622 total 661 563 66 64 free 331 059 33 36 slaveForces supplied Confederate troops 125 000 Union troops 15 000 10 000 white 5 000 black 1 totalGovernorHenry Clark 1861 1862 Zebulon Vance 1862 1865 SenatorsGeorge Davis 1862 1864 Edwin Reade 1864 William Graham 1864 1865 William Dortch 1862 1865 RepresentativesListRestored to the UnionJuly 4 1868Fighting occurred sporadically in the state from September 1861 when Union Major General Ambrose Burnside set about capturing key ports and cities notably Roanoke Island and New Bern 2 In 1864 the Confederates assumed the offensive temporarily reconquering Plymouth while the Union Army launched several attempts to seize Fort Fisher 6 The last remaining major Confederate army under Joseph E Johnston surrendered at Bennett Place near Durham to William Tecumseh Sherman in April 1865 6 Troops from North Carolina played major roles in dozens of battles in other states including Gettysburg where Tar Heels were prominent in Pickett s Charge 7 North Carolina would also raise troops to fight in Union regiments The 3rd North Carolina Cavalry helped take part in the Battle of Bull s Gap Battle of Red Banks and Stoneman s 1864 and 1865 raids in western North Carolina southwest Virginia and eastern Tennessee 6 The Department of North Carolina established in 1862 seized Wilmington in 1865 6 then the state s largest city The North Carolina based XVIII Corps was also among the largest in the Union Army Contents 1 Origins 2 Campaigns in North Carolina 2 1 Battles in North Carolina 3 Government and politics 4 Notable Confederate leaders from North Carolina 5 Notable Union leaders from North Carolina 6 North Carolina during Reconstruction 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 9 1 Historiography and memory 10 External linksOrigins EditThe great popular heart is not now and never has been in this war It was a revolution of the politicians not the people Zebulon Vance Governor of North Carolina 1862 1865 In the mid 19th century North Carolina was a picture of contrasts On the Coastal Plain it was largely a plantation state with a long history of slavery 5 In the more rural and mountainous western part of the state there were no plantations and few slaves 5 These differing perspectives showed themselves in the fraught election of 1860 and its aftermath North Carolina s electoral votes went to Southern Democrat John C Breckinridge an adamant supporter of slavery who hoped to extend the peculiar institution to the United States western territories rather than to the Constitutional Union candidate John Bell who carried much of the Upper South 7 North Carolina in marked contrast to most of the states that Breckinridge carried was reluctant to secede from the Union when it became clear that Republican Abraham Lincoln had won the presidential election 7 North Carolina did not secede until May 20 1861 after the fall of Fort Sumter in South Carolina and the secession of the Upper South s bellwether Virginia 7 The next day on May 21 North Carolina was admitted to the Confederate States The law admitting the state required a presidential proclamation before it was to take effect 5 which sources say took place on this date 7 the only primary source found so far is a statement from Jefferson Davis on July 20 stating that the proclamation had been made 8 Some white North Carolinians especially yeoman farmers who owned few or no slaves felt ambivalently about the Confederacy draft dodging desertion and tax evasion were common during the Civil War years especially in the Union friendly western part of the state 9 These North Carolinians often in disagreement with the aristocracy of eastern planters along with African Americans across the state helped in numbering around 15 000 troops who served in the Union Army 10 North Carolina Union troops helped fight to occupy territory in the mountainous regions of North Carolina and Tennessee as well as the coastal plains of North Carolina sometimes with troops from other states 9 Central and Eastern white North Carolinians were often more supportive of the Confederate cause 11 Initially the policy of the Confederate populace was to embargo cotton shipments to Europe in hope of forcing them to recognize the Confederacy s independence thereby allowing trade to resume 12 The plan failed and furthermore the Union s naval blockade of Southern ports drastically shrunk North Carolina s international commerce via shipping 12 Internally the Confederacy had far fewer railroads than the Union The breakdown of the Confederate transportation system took a heavy toll on North Carolina residents as did the runaway inflation of the war years and food shortages in the cities 12 In the spring of 1863 there were food riots in Salisbury 12 Although there was little military combat in the Western districts the psychological tensions grew greater and greater Historians John C Inscoe and Gordon B McKinney argue that in the western mountains differing ideologies turned into opposing loyalties and those divisions eventually proved as disruptive as anything imposed by outside armies As the mountains came to serve as refuges and hiding places for deserters draft dodgers escaped slaves and escaped prisoners of war the conflict became even more localized and internalized and at the same time became far messier less rational and more mean spirited vindictive and personal Inscoe and Mckinney 11 Campaigns in North Carolina Edit nbsp Battles of the Civil WarFrom September 1861 until July 1862 Union Major General Ambrose Burnside commander of the Department of North Carolina formed the North Carolina Expeditionary Corps and set about capturing key ports and cities 6 His successes at the Battle of Roanoke Island and the Battle of New Bern helped cement Federal control of a part of coastal Carolina Fighting continued in North Carolina sporadically throughout the war In 1864 the Confederates assumed the offensive in North Carolina trying to recover some of the territory lost to Burnside s expedition 6 They failed to retake New Bern but reconquered Plymouth and held it for six months Moreover the Union Army launched several attempts to seize Fort Fisher and finally did in 1865 6 In the war s closing days a large Federal force under General William Tecumseh Sherman marched into North Carolina and in a series of movements that became known as the Carolinas Campaign occupied much of the state and defeated the Confederates in several key battles including Averasborough and Bentonville 6 The surrender of General Joseph E Johnston s Confederate army at Bennett Place in April 1865 essentially ended the war in the Eastern Theater 6 Battles in North Carolina Edit See also List of American Civil War battles The following are the major battles of the Civil War that were fought in North Carolina 13 14 Battle Date Location OutcomeBattle of Albemarle Sound May 5 1864 Albemarle Sound InconclusiveBattle of Averasborough March 16 1865 Harnett and Cumberland Counties InconclusiveBattle of Bentonville March 19 21 1865 Johnston County Union victoryBattle of Fort Anderson March 13 16 1863 Craven County Union victoryBattle of Fort Fisher I December 23 27 1864 New Hanover County Confederate victoryBattle of Fort Fisher II January 13 15 1865 New Hanover County Union victorySiege of Fort Macon March 23 1862 Apr 26 1862 Carteret County Union victoryBattle of Goldsboro Bridge December 17 1862 Wayne County Union victoryBattle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries August 28 29 1861 Outer Banks Union victoryBattle of Kinston December 14 1862 Lenoir County Union victoryBattle of Monroe s Cross Roads March 10 1865 Hoke County InconclusiveBattle of Morrisville April 13 15 1865 Wake County Union victoryBattle of New Bern March 14 1862 Craven County Union victoryBattle of Plymouth April 17 20 1864 Washington County Confederate victoryBattle of Roanoke Island February 7 8 1862 Dare County Union victoryBattle of South Mills April 19 1862 Camden County Confederate victoryBattle of Tranter s Creek June 5 1862 Pitt County Union victoryBattle of Washington March 30 1863 April 20 1863 Beaufort County InconclusiveBattle of White Hall December 16 1862 Wayne County DrawBattle of Wilmington February 11 22 1865 New Hanover County Union victoryBattle of Wyse Fork March 7 10 1865 Lenoir County Tactical Union victory Strategic Confederate victoryCampaign of the Carolinas January 1 April 26 1865 North and South Carolina Decisive Union victoryGovernment and politics Edit nbsp Union propaganda showing North Carolina s Seal being held by the DevilHenry Toole Clark served as the state s governor from July 1861 to September 1862 15 Clark founded a Confederate prison in North Carolina set up European purchasing connections and built a successful gunpowder mill His successor Zebulon Vance further increased state assistance for the soldiers in the field 15 As the war went on William Woods Holden became a quiet critic of the Confederate government and a leader of the North Carolina peace movement In 1864 he was the unsuccessful peace candidate against incumbent Governor Vance 15 Unionists in North Carolina formed a group called the Heroes of America that was allied with the United States Numbering nearly 10 000 men a few of them possibly black they helped Southern Unionists escape to U S lines 9 nbsp Silent Sam Confederate memorial on the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill campus now removed The North Carolina General Assembly of 1868 1869 ratified the Fourteenth Amendment on July 4 1868 which readmitted North Carolina to the Union 16 Notable Confederate leaders from North Carolina Edit nbsp GeneralBraxton Bragg nbsp Lt Gen Leonidas Polk nbsp Maj Gen D H Hill nbsp Maj Gen Robert F Hoke nbsp Maj Gen Dorsey Pender nbsp Maj Gen Stephen Dodson Ramseur nbsp Brig Gen George B Anderson nbsp Brig Gen Lewis A Armistead nbsp Brig Gen Rufus Barringer nbsp Brig Gen Laurence S Baker nbsp Brig Gen Lawrence O Branch nbsp Brig Gen Thomas Lanier Clingman nbsp Brig Gen William Ruffin Cox nbsp Brig Gen Junius Daniel nbsp Brig Gen James B Gordon nbsp Brig Gen Bryan Grimes nbsp Brig Gen Robert D Johnston nbsp Brig Gen William W Kirkland nbsp Brig Gen James H Lane nbsp Brig Gen James Green Martin nbsp Brig Gen J Johnston Pettigrew nbsp Brig Gen Matt W Ransom nbsp Brig Gen Alfred M ScalesNotable Union leaders from North Carolina Edit nbsp Rdml Henry H Bell nbsp Brig Gen John Gibbon nbsp UnionistWilliam Woods Holden nbsp Vice PresidentAndrew Johnson nbsp Brig Gen Solomon Meredith nbsp Brig Gen Edward Stanly nbsp Capt John Ancrum WinslowNorth Carolina during Reconstruction EditFollowing the end of the Civil War North Carolina was part of the Second Military District 17 18 Major General John M Schofield was the military leader in charge of North Carolina for roughly a month in which he implemented a temporary recovery to provide aid to the people of North Carolina 19 On May 29 1865 President Andrew Johnson proclaimed the appointment of William W Holden as the provisional governor of North Carolina 19 President Johnson s appointment also allowed North Carolina to set up a state convention to rejoin the union which required the convention to declare the secession null abolish slavery and take an amnesty oath There would still be a military governor in the form of Schofield s replacement Brigadier General Thomas H Ruger who would try to cooperate with Holden such as the removal of most African American soldiers from North Carolina On July 22 1868 after multiple other military leaders the power of military power over North Carolina ended marking the end of military reconstruction for North Carolina and the Second Military District 20 See also Edit nbsp American Civil War portal nbsp North Carolina portalCampaign of the Carolinas List of American Civil War battles List of North Carolina Confederate Civil War units List of North Carolina Union Civil War regiments History of slavery in North CarolinaReferences Edit North Carolina in the Civil War Legends of America Retrieved December 20 2020 a b Civil War Era NC First Convention Vote Lincoln s Proclamation a b c d John C Inscoe and Gordon B McKinney 2003 The Heart of Confederate Appalachia Western North Carolina in the Civil War Univ of North Carolina Press p 9 a b c d e f g h i j North Carolina in the Civil War a b c d e Secession John Locke Foundation Confederate Congress 1861 1 272 View the page cited a b c Foner Eric March 1989 The South s Inner Civil War The more fiercely the Confederacy fought for its independence the more bitterly divided it became To fully understand the vast changes the war unleashed on the country you must first understand the plight of the Southerners who didn t want secession American Heritage Vol 40 no 2 American Heritage Publishing Company p 3 Archived from the original on January 3 2015 Retrieved December 18 2013 FAQs about North Carolina and the Civil War North Carolina Museum of History Retrieved December 20 2020 a b John C Inscoe and Gordon B McKinney 2003 The Heart of Confederate Appalachia Western North Carolina in the Civil War Univ of North Carolina Press p 9 a b c d Brooks D Simpson 2013 The Civil War The Third Year Told by Those Who Lived It Library of America 234 Library of America p 193 North Carolina Civil War Battles National Park Service Retrieved September 26 2019 Dyer Frederick H 2016 The War of the Rebellion a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Official Records of the Civil War THA New Media LLC Compiler a b c R Matthew Poteat 2009 Henry Toole Clark Civil War Governor of North Carolina McFarland pp 90 118 Release Allen W 2006 Reconstruction NCPEDIA Retrieved November 26 2019 Full Organization Authority Record War Department Second Military District 03 11 1867 07 28 1868 U S National Archives Retrieved April 3 2013 Landmark Legislation The Reconstruction Act of 1867 United States Senate Retrieved November 1 2021 a b Bradley Mark The Army and Reconstruction Center of Military History US Army Washington D C 2015 P 13 15 The Army and Reconstruction 1865 1877 Bradley Mark 2009 Bluecoats and Tar Heels Soldiers and Civilians in Reconstruction North Carolina New Directions In Southern History Kindle Edition Kentucky University Press of Kentucky pp Location 2437 Further reading EditBarrett John G 1963 The Civil War in North Carolina University of North Carolina Press Barrett John Gilcrest 1984 The Civil War in North Carolina North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources Carbone John S 2001 The Civil War in Coastal North Carolina North Carolina Division of Archives and History Clinard Karen L Richard Russell eds 2008 Fear in North Carolina The Civil War Journals and Letters of the Henry Family Winston Salem NC John F Blair Publishing Erslev Major Brit K 2015 Taming the Tar Heel Department DH Hill and the Challenges of Operational Level Command during the American Civil War Pickle Partners Publishing Hardy Michael C 2011 North Carolina in the Civil War The History Press Inscoe John C and Gordon B McKinney 2000 The Heart of Confederate Appalachia Western North Carolina in the Civil War University of North Carolina Press McSween Murdoch John 2012 Confederate Incognito The Civil War Reports of Long Grabs aka Murdoch John McSween 26th and 35th North Carolina Infantry McFarland Mobley Joe A 2012 Confederate Generals of North Carolina Tar Heels in Command Arcadia Publishing Myers Barton A 2014 Rebels Against the Confederacy North Carolina s Unionists Cambridge University Press Poteat R Matthew 2009 Henry Toole Clark Civil War Governor of North Carolina McFarland pp 90 118 Reid Richard M 2008 Freedom for Themselves North Carolina s Black Soldiers in the Civil War Era University of North Carolina Press Silkenat David 2015 Driven from Home North Carolina s Civil War Refugee Crisis University of Georgia Press Historiography and memory Edit Laws William Christopher The Millennium of Their Glory Public Memory and War Monuments in North Carolina 1865 1929 2022 Smith Blanche Lucas 1941 North Carolina s Confederate monuments and memorials North Carolina Division United Daughters of the Confederacy External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to North Carolina in the American Civil War North Carolina in the Civil War at NCpediaPreceded byArkansas List of C S states by date of admission to the ConfederacyAdmitted on May 20 1861 10th Succeeded byTennessee 35 30 N 80 00 W 35 5 N 80 W 35 5 80 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title North Carolina in the American Civil War amp oldid 1178918711, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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