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Non-commercial educational station

January 13, 2023

A non-commercial educational station (NCE station) is a radio station or television station that does not accept on-air advertisements (TV ads or radio ads), as defined in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and was originally intended to offer educational programming as part, or whole, of its programming. NCE stations do not pay broadcast license fees for their non-profit uses of the radio spectrum. Stations which are almost always operated as NCE include public broadcasting, community radio, and college radio, as well as many religious broadcasting stations.[1] Nearly all Non-Commercial radio stations derive their support from listener support, grants and endowments, such as the governmental entity Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) that distributes supporting funds provided by the congress to support Public Radio.

Reserved channels

On the FM broadcast band, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has reserved the lowest 20 channels, 201~220 (88.1~91.9 MHz) for NCE stations only. This is known as the reserved band, sometimes known by the term "left of the dial" (taken from the Replacements' song of the same name), which refers to the college and other non-commercial stations that broadcast from those frequencies.[2] It also includes channel 200 (87.9 MHz), but only for class D NCE stations unable to find another frequency; the frequency has been unused for its intended purpose in the United States since KSFH shut down in 2021.

Many of the reserved-band channels are used by stations bordering the United States, such as with broadcasting in the San Diego/Tijuana metropolitan area. Additionally, neither the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission nor the Federal Telecommunications Institute have such a reserved band in Canada nor Mexico, respectively. (In Mexico, individual stations belonging to state and federal governments, educational institutions, and non-profit groups are licensed under permits or permisos, which are non-commercial, non-profit licenses that do not permit advertising. Canada, in practice, generally keeps most of the U.S. NCE band as noncommercial or with limited advertising based on each individual licence, but there are exceptions, such as CIXL, a fully commercial station that operates on 91.7.)

NCE stations may also operate on a non-reserved channel. However this was rare in the United States due to the high cost of buying a commercial broadcasting station, and because for years the FCC failed to maintain a process that would ensure that non-commercial applicants would have a chance against those who could afford to bid at spectrum auctions. Two such stations are WGPB FM in Rome, Georgia and WNGH-FM in Chatsworth, Georgia, former commercial stations purchased in 2007 and 2008 and operated by Georgia Public Broadcasting (GPB), serving the mountains northwest of Atlanta which previously had no GPB radio service. In addition, there were at least four stations with commercial licenses that formerly operated as PBS member stations (WNYC-TV in New York City, WMHX in Albany, New York, KAUT-TV in Oklahoma City, and KCPQ-TV in Seattle are a few examples of this); most of those stations now broadcast as affiliates of commercially owned networks. This is also rare in Mexico, though XEIMT-TV, a cultural channel in Mexico City, and XEWH-TV, the main station of the state network of Sonora, operate under commercial concessions and not permits. A number of new low power FM (LPFM) NCE stations operating in the non-reserved part of the spectrum have been licensed by the FCC since the Local Community Radio Act was enacted in 2010.

Definition of "commercial"

The FCC defines several different activities as being commercial in nature. Sponsorship of NCE stations is called underwriting, and stations may make announcements of these grants on-air. However, they may not accept money for such mentions, only goods and services, unless the sponsor itself is a non-profit, such as a charitable organization or public college. Money can be accepted if there is no on-air mention of the sponsor. NCE stations may also not mention prices or qualities of commercial products or services in any situation which would be construed as promoting or endorsing any company, regardless of whether it sponsors the station.[citation needed]

Underwriting spots are brief and to-the-point, as they must not be disruptive to programming. Additionally, underwriting spots on public TV are at the beginning or end of the TV show rather than in the middle, as they have increasingly become on commercial stations.[citation needed]

Retransmission consent has often been chosen over must-carry by the major commercial television networks.[citation needed] Under the present rules, a new agreement is negotiated every three years, and stations must choose must-carry or retransmission consent for each cable system they wish their signal to be carried on. Non-commercial stations (such as local PBS stations) may not seek retransmission consent and may only invoke must-carry status.[3]

Multichannel obligations

Like commercial stations, NCE stations are allowed to lease subcarriers in exchange for money, essentially making the station a common carrier. This may be for a commercial audio, video, or data service, or a non-commercial one like a radio reading service for the blind.

NCE stations broadcasting in digital TV or HD Radio may lease part of their bandwidth (actually bitrate) in a similar manner, however, the commercial use is limited. The main program must always be non-commercial, and must not have its quality diminished excessively by increased lossy compression done in order to fit the auxiliary service within the allowable bit rate. NCE digital television (DTV) stations do not pay the FCC a percentage of their revenue from these leases as commercial DTV stations do. No such datacasting fee is levied on any analog or FM/AM station, whether commercial or NCE.

See also

References

  1. ^ FCC 31 Nonprofit Media Though public radio and TV https://transition.fcc.gov/osp/inc-report/INoC-31-Nonprofit-Media.pdf
  2. ^ "Left of the Dial". KCRU.org. 2018. Retrieved 2021-10-05. Left of the Dial takes its name from the Replacements song of the same name, and is a reference to the position of the radio dial on which non-commercial radio stations are typically located.
  3. ^ "Cable Carriage of Broadcast Stations". fcc.gov. 9 December 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2018.

External links

  • Commission Policy on the Noncommercial Nature of Educational Broadcasting by the FCC

January 13, 2023
commercial, educational, station, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, examples, perspective, this, article, deal, primarily, with, united, states, represent. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject You may improve this article discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new article as appropriate July 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Non commercial educational station news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message A non commercial educational station NCE station is a radio station or television station that does not accept on air advertisements TV ads or radio ads as defined in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission FCC and was originally intended to offer educational programming as part or whole of its programming NCE stations do not pay broadcast license fees for their non profit uses of the radio spectrum Stations which are almost always operated as NCE include public broadcasting community radio and college radio as well as many religious broadcasting stations 1 Nearly all Non Commercial radio stations derive their support from listener support grants and endowments such as the governmental entity Corporation for Public Broadcasting CPB that distributes supporting funds provided by the congress to support Public Radio Contents 1 Reserved channels 2 Definition of commercial 3 Multichannel obligations 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksReserved channels EditOn the FM broadcast band the Federal Communications Commission FCC has reserved the lowest 20 channels 201 220 88 1 91 9 MHz for NCE stations only This is known as the reserved band sometimes known by the term left of the dial taken from the Replacements song of the same name which refers to the college and other non commercial stations that broadcast from those frequencies 2 It also includes channel 200 87 9 MHz but only for class D NCE stations unable to find another frequency the frequency has been unused for its intended purpose in the United States since KSFH shut down in 2021 Many of the reserved band channels are used by stations bordering the United States such as with broadcasting in the San Diego Tijuana metropolitan area Additionally neither the Canadian Radio television and Telecommunications Commission nor the Federal Telecommunications Institute have such a reserved band in Canada nor Mexico respectively In Mexico individual stations belonging to state and federal governments educational institutions and non profit groups are licensed under permits or permisos which are non commercial non profit licenses that do not permit advertising Canada in practice generally keeps most of the U S NCE band as noncommercial or with limited advertising based on each individual licence but there are exceptions such as CIXL a fully commercial station that operates on 91 7 NCE stations may also operate on a non reserved channel However this was rare in the United States due to the high cost of buying a commercial broadcasting station and because for years the FCC failed to maintain a process that would ensure that non commercial applicants would have a chance against those who could afford to bid at spectrum auctions Two such stations are WGPB FM in Rome Georgia and WNGH FM in Chatsworth Georgia former commercial stations purchased in 2007 and 2008 and operated by Georgia Public Broadcasting GPB serving the mountains northwest of Atlanta which previously had no GPB radio service In addition there were at least four stations with commercial licenses that formerly operated as PBS member stations WNYC TV in New York City WMHX in Albany New York KAUT TV in Oklahoma City and KCPQ TV in Seattle are a few examples of this most of those stations now broadcast as affiliates of commercially owned networks This is also rare in Mexico though XEIMT TV a cultural channel in Mexico City and XEWH TV the main station of the state network of Sonora operate under commercial concessions and not permits A number of new low power FM LPFM NCE stations operating in the non reserved part of the spectrum have been licensed by the FCC since the Local Community Radio Act was enacted in 2010 Definition of commercial EditThe FCC defines several different activities as being commercial in nature Sponsorship of NCE stations is called underwriting and stations may make announcements of these grants on air However they may not accept money for such mentions only goods and services unless the sponsor itself is a non profit such as a charitable organization or public college Money can be accepted if there is no on air mention of the sponsor NCE stations may also not mention prices or qualities of commercial products or services in any situation which would be construed as promoting or endorsing any company regardless of whether it sponsors the station citation needed Underwriting spots are brief and to the point as they must not be disruptive to programming Additionally underwriting spots on public TV are at the beginning or end of the TV show rather than in the middle as they have increasingly become on commercial stations citation needed Retransmission consent has often been chosen over must carry by the major commercial television networks citation needed Under the present rules a new agreement is negotiated every three years and stations must choose must carry or retransmission consent for each cable system they wish their signal to be carried on Non commercial stations such as local PBS stations may not seek retransmission consent and may only invoke must carry status 3 Multichannel obligations EditLike commercial stations NCE stations are allowed to lease subcarriers in exchange for money essentially making the station a common carrier This may be for a commercial audio video or data service or a non commercial one like a radio reading service for the blind NCE stations broadcasting in digital TV or HD Radio may lease part of their bandwidth actually bitrate in a similar manner however the commercial use is limited The main program must always be non commercial and must not have its quality diminished excessively by increased lossy compression done in order to fit the auxiliary service within the allowable bit rate NCE digital television DTV stations do not pay the FCC a percentage of their revenue from these leases as commercial DTV stations do No such datacasting fee is levied on any analog or FM AM station whether commercial or NCE See also EditEducational televisionReferences Edit FCC 31 Nonprofit Media Though public radio and TV https transition fcc gov osp inc report INoC 31 Nonprofit Media pdf Left of the Dial KCRU org 2018 Retrieved 2021 10 05 Left of the Dial takes its name from the Replacements song of the same name and is a reference to the position of the radio dial on which non commercial radio stations are typically located Cable Carriage of Broadcast Stations fcc gov 9 December 2015 Retrieved 11 April 2018 External links EditCommission Policy on the Noncommercial Nature of Educational Broadcasting by the FCC Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Non commercial educational station amp oldid 1095890403, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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