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Njörun

January 01, 1970

In Norse mythology, Njörun (Old Norse: Njǫrun [ˈnjɔron], sometimes modernly anglicized as Niorun) is a goddess attested in the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and various kennings (including once in the Poetic Edda). Scholarly theories concerning her name and function in the pantheon include etymological connections to the Norse god Njörðr and the Roman goddess Nerio, and suggestions that she may represent the earth or be the unnamed sister-wife of Njörðr.

Attestations edit

Njörun is listed (after Bil) as an ásynja within the Prose Edda book Skáldskaparmál. No further information other than her name is provided there.[1] In addition, the name occurs in kennings for women in poetry by Kormákr Ögmundarson, Hrafn Önundarson and Rögnvaldr Kali as well as in Krákumál and verses in Íslendinga saga, Njáls saga and Harðar saga.[2] Eld-Njörun (meaning "fire-Njörun") occurs in women kennings in poetry by Gísli Súrsson and Björn Breiðvíkingakappi[3] while hól-Njörun occurs in a somewhat dubious kenning in a stanza by Björn hítdælakappi.[4] Draum-Njörun (meaning "dream-Njörun") is cited in the Poetic Edda poem Alvíssmál as a word from the language of the dwarfs for the night. The same word occurs in Nafnaþulur.[5]

Theories edit

Njörun is a "mysterious ... figure" of whom nothing else is known; Andy Orchard suggests that she may be fictitious.[6] Several scholars have suggested that the stem syllable in her name, Njǫr-, may represent the element *ner- as in Tacitus' earth-goddess Nerthus (*Ner-þuz), whose name is etymologically identical with that of the Norse god Njǫrðr, and that Njörun may therefore be a name for the earth.[2][7] Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon additionally suggests a connection with the Roman goddess Nerio.[8]

The possible etymological connection with Njǫrðr and Nerthus suggests that Njörun may be a preserved name for the sister-wife of Njörðr, who is highly unusual in the Old Norse context in being unnamed. As was noted by Albert Morey Sturtevant, Njǫrun and Gefjon are the only female names recorded in Old Norse texts that have the suffix -un.[9] Two other god-goddess pairs distinguished by suffix are preserved in the Old Norse corpus, Ullr and Ullin and Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn, and there is a possible third example in Old High German Phol and Volla.[10]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Faulkes (1995:157).
  2. ^ a b Finnur Jónsson (1931:429).
  3. ^ Finnur Jónsson (1931:106).
  4. ^ Finnur Jónsson (1931:276).
  5. ^ Finnur Jónsson (1931:84).
  6. ^ Orchard (1997:119).
  7. ^ Jan de Vries, Contributions to the Study of Othin: Especially in His Relation to Agricultural Practices in Modern Popular Lore, Folklore Fellows Communications 94 (1931), cited in Hopkins (2012:39).
  8. ^ Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989:671).
  9. ^ Sturtevant (1952:167).
  10. ^ Hopkins (2012:42; 43 note 5).

References edit

  • Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989). Íslensk orðsifjabók. Orðabók Háskólans.
  • Faulkes, Anthony (Trans.) (1995). Edda. Everyman. ISBN 0-460-87616-3
  • Finnur Jónsson (1913). Goðafræði Norðmanna og Íslendinga eftir heimildum. Hið íslenska bókmentafjelag.
  • Finnur Jónsson (1931). Lexicon poeticum. S. L. Møllers bogtrykkeri.
  • Hopkins, Joseph (2012). "Goddesses Unknown I: Njǫrun and the Sister-Wife of Njǫrðr". RMN Newsletter; volume 5. pp. 39–44.
  • Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-34520-2
  • Sturtevant, Albert Morey (1952). "Regarding the Old Norse name Gefjon" as published in Scandinavian Studies; volume 24 (number 4, November). ISSN 0036-5637

January 01, 1970
njörun, norse, mythology, norse, njǫrun, ˈnjɔron, sometimes, modernly, anglicized, niorun, goddess, attested, prose, edda, written, 13th, century, snorri, sturluson, various, kennings, including, once, poetic, edda, scholarly, theories, concerning, name, funct. In Norse mythology Njorun Old Norse Njǫrun ˈnjɔron sometimes modernly anglicized as Niorun is a goddess attested in the Prose Edda written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson and various kennings including once in the Poetic Edda Scholarly theories concerning her name and function in the pantheon include etymological connections to the Norse god Njordr and the Roman goddess Nerio and suggestions that she may represent the earth or be the unnamed sister wife of Njordr Contents 1 Attestations 2 Theories 3 Notes 4 ReferencesAttestations editNjorun is listed after Bil as an asynja within the Prose Edda book Skaldskaparmal No further information other than her name is provided there 1 In addition the name occurs in kennings for women in poetry by Kormakr Ogmundarson Hrafn Onundarson and Rognvaldr Kali as well as in Krakumal and verses in Islendinga saga Njals saga and Hardar saga 2 Eld Njorun meaning fire Njorun occurs in women kennings in poetry by Gisli Sursson and Bjorn Breidvikingakappi 3 while hol Njorun occurs in a somewhat dubious kenning in a stanza by Bjorn hitdaelakappi 4 Draum Njorun meaning dream Njorun is cited in the Poetic Edda poem Alvissmal as a word from the language of the dwarfs for the night The same word occurs in Nafnathulur 5 Theories editNjorun is a mysterious figure of whom nothing else is known Andy Orchard suggests that she may be fictitious 6 Several scholars have suggested that the stem syllable in her name Njǫr may represent the element ner as in Tacitus earth goddess Nerthus Ner thuz whose name is etymologically identical with that of the Norse god Njǫrdr and that Njorun may therefore be a name for the earth 2 7 Asgeir Blondal Magnusson additionally suggests a connection with the Roman goddess Nerio 8 The possible etymological connection with Njǫrdr and Nerthus suggests that Njorun may be a preserved name for the sister wife of Njordr who is highly unusual in the Old Norse context in being unnamed As was noted by Albert Morey Sturtevant Njǫrun and Gefjon are the only female names recorded in Old Norse texts that have the suffix un 9 Two other god goddess pairs distinguished by suffix are preserved in the Old Norse corpus Ullr and Ullin and Fjorgyn and Fjorgynn and there is a possible third example in Old High German Phol and Volla 10 Notes edit Faulkes 1995 157 a b Finnur Jonsson 1931 429 Finnur Jonsson 1931 106 Finnur Jonsson 1931 276 Finnur Jonsson 1931 84 Orchard 1997 119 Jan de Vries Contributions to the Study of Othin Especially in His Relation to Agricultural Practices in Modern Popular Lore Folklore Fellows Communications 94 1931 cited in Hopkins 2012 39 Asgeir Blondal Magnusson 1989 671 Sturtevant 1952 167 Hopkins 2012 42 43 note 5 References editAsgeir Blondal Magnusson 1989 Islensk ordsifjabok Ordabok Haskolans Faulkes Anthony Trans 1995 Edda Everyman ISBN 0 460 87616 3 Finnur Jonsson 1913 Godafraedi Nordmanna og Islendinga eftir heimildum Hid islenska bokmentafjelag Finnur Jonsson 1931 Lexicon poeticum S L Mollers bogtrykkeri Hopkins Joseph 2012 Goddesses Unknown I Njǫrun and the Sister Wife of Njǫrdr RMN Newsletter volume 5 pp 39 44 Orchard Andy 1997 Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend Cassell ISBN 0 304 34520 2 Sturtevant Albert Morey 1952 Regarding the Old Norse name Gefjon as published in Scandinavian Studies volume 24 number 4 November ISSN 0036 5637 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Njorun amp oldid 1217956064, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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