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Nimi (king)

Nimi (Sanskrit: निमि, romanizedNimi) is a king of the Suryavamsha (Solar dynasty) featured in Hindu mythology.[1] He is considered to be the first king of the Videha kingdom and is regarded to be the ancestor to the Janaka lineage of Mithila.[2] Nimi is the grandson of Manu, and a son of Ikshvaku.[3]

Nimi
Thai depiction of Nimi
TextsRamayana
Personal information
Parents
DynastySuryavamsha (Janakavamsha)

Hinduism edit

Nimi's yajña edit

Once, Nimi performed a yajña and invited Sage Vasishtha to be the main priest to conduct the ceremony. However, the sage had already committed to conduct a yajña for Indra, and he told Nimi that he would officiate as the head priest after having conducted Indra's yajña. Nimi went away without replying. Sage Vashistha was under the impression that King Nimi has assented to wait for him.[4][5]

The sage conducted Indra's yajña and rushed to preside at Nimi's yajña only to find that the yajña was already being conducted by Gautama. Sage Vasishtha got angry and cursed King Nimi that "he would cease to live in corporal form" while the king was asleep. Thus, King Nimi was left without his body to heaven with Indra, and stayed there for 9,000,000 years. After the yajña was conducted successfully, the priests asked the gods to return King Nimi to his corporal form. However, he refused to return to his bodily form. The account of Nimi is described by Rama to Lakshmana in the Uttara Kanda of Ramayana.[6]

This episode is also detailed in the Vishnu Purana.[7]

Buddhism edit

In several traditions, a righteous and edifying Videhan King Nimi or Nemi is mentioned, who travels to heaven and hell in a celestial chariot. The story is mentioned in one text of the Pāli Canon, and two Pāli post-canonical texts. The name Nimi or Nemi is explained as "he brings the lineage full circle like the rim (Pali: nemi) of a carriage wheel".[8] The story relates that a certain King Makhadeva tells his barber that the latter should warn him as soon as the king has his first grey hair, a common memento mori motif found in ancient Indian literature,[9] which goes back to the ancient Indian conception of stages of life.[10] Later on, when his first hairs go grey, and his barber tells him about that, the king goes forth to lead a spiritual life as a hermit, but not before he entrusts his son to do the same when his hair goes grey. The former king is later reborn in a heavenly world. He sees that his descendants all follow the same tradition of becoming hermits when they became old. He then decides to be reborn as the next descendant of the same dynasty, and has the name King Nimi. The story then goes on to say that this king is able to travel to heaven and hell at the invitation of the god Sakka. At the end of the story, King Makhadeva, later reborn as Nimi, is identified as a previous birth of the Buddha, and the barber and heavenly charioteer are identified as the disciple Ānanda.[11]

The story is mentioned in many other early Buddhist texts, both canonical and post-canonical.[12][13] Translator C. A. F. Rhys Davids compared the legend with Dante's Inferno.[14][12] The story of King Nimi visiting heaven and hell is iconic in traditional Thai art, and is easily recognizable for the average Thai person.[15] This story, as well as many similar stories that deal with cakravartin kings, attempts to establish that the spiritual life of renunciation is superior to the worldly life, and the solitary life superior to a married life.[16][17] Moreover, Asian religion scholar Naomi Appleton argues that there is a connection between the stories of the Videhan renouncing kings and the ideal of the solitary Buddha in Buddhism. Solitary Buddhas are often depicted renouncing their worldly life because of certain signs in their environment or on their body, as in the case of Makkhadeva.[17] Finally, according to the scholar Padmanabh Jaini, the story may also have influenced how Buddhist cosmology was interpreted.[18]

In post-canonical Pāli works, the belief is expressed that King Nimi belongs to a long line of Kings descending from Mahāsammata, the first king of humankind. The Buddha is believed to be a descendant of the same dynasty.[19]

Jainism edit

In Jain texts, a similar motif as in Buddhist texts can be found, of a king called Nami.[20]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Garg, Gaṅgā Rām (1992). Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World. Concept Publishing Company. p. 16. ISBN 978-81-7022-374-0.
  2. ^ Mani, Vettam (1 January 2015). Puranic Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive Work with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 344. ISBN 978-81-208-0597-2.
  3. ^ Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdom. Author – Makhan Jha
  4. ^ Glucklich, Ariel (9 May 2008). The Strides of Vishnu: Hindu Culture in Historical Perspective. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-19-531405-2.
  5. ^ The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India, Volume VII: Uttarakāṇḍa. Princeton University Press. 11 September 2018. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-691-18292-6.
  6. ^ www.wisdomlib.org (28 September 2020). "The Story of Nimi [Chapter 55]". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  7. ^ www.wisdomlib.org (30 August 2014). "Sacrifice if Nimi, origin of Sita and story of Kushadhvaja's race [Chapter V]". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  8. ^ Appleton 2016, pp. 139–40, 164 n.9.
  9. ^ Bloomfield, Maurice (1916). "On Recurring Psychic Motifs in Hindu Fiction, and the Laugh and Cry Motif". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 36: 57–8. doi:10.2307/592669. JSTOR 592669.
  10. ^ Appleton 2016, p. 140.
  11. ^ Appleton 2016, p. 139, 165 n.14.
  12. ^ a b Analayo, Bhikkhu (2017). "The Repercussions Of Lack Of Proper Governance" (PDF). In Mahinda, D. (ed.). Justice and Statecraft: Buddhist Ideals Inspiring Contemporary World. Nāgānanda International Buddhist University. pp. 126–7.
  13. ^ Appleton 2016, p. 139.
  14. ^ Rhys Davids, C. A. F. (15 March 2011). "Review: The Jātaka, or Stories of the Buddha's Former Births. Vol. VI. Translated by E. B. Cowell and W. H. D. Rouse, M.A., Litt.D. Cambridge, 1907". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. 40 (2): 595. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00080837. S2CID 163337858.
  15. ^ Brereton, B.P. (1986). Images of Heaven and Hell in Thai Literature and Painting (PDF). Conference on Thai Studies in Honor of William J. Gedney. pp. 41–2.
  16. ^ Bhikkhu, Analayo (2015). "The Buddha's past life as a princess in the Ekottarika-agama" (PDF). Journal of Buddhist Ethics. 22: 95.
  17. ^ a b Appleton 2016, p. 144.
  18. ^ Jaini, Padmanabh S. (July 1992). "Ākāravattārasutta: An 'apocryphal' sutta from Thailand". Indo-Iranian Journal. 35 (2–3): 198. doi:10.1007/BF00164932. S2CID 161230878.
  19. ^ Jory, Patrick (2002). "The Vessantara Jataka, Barami, And The Bodhisatta-Kings: The Origin and Spread of a Thai Concept of Power". Crossroads: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 16 (2): 41–2. JSTOR 40860799.
  20. ^ Appleton 2016, p. 140–1.

External links edit

nimi, king, nimi, sanskrit, romanized, nimi, king, suryavamsha, solar, dynasty, featured, hindu, mythology, considered, first, king, videha, kingdom, regarded, ancestor, janaka, lineage, mithila, nimi, grandson, manu, ikshvaku, nimithai, depiction, nimitextsra. Nimi Sanskrit न म romanized Nimi is a king of the Suryavamsha Solar dynasty featured in Hindu mythology 1 He is considered to be the first king of the Videha kingdom and is regarded to be the ancestor to the Janaka lineage of Mithila 2 Nimi is the grandson of Manu and a son of Ikshvaku 3 NimiThai depiction of NimiTextsRamayanaPersonal informationParentsIkshvaku father DynastySuryavamsha Janakavamsha Contents 1 Hinduism 1 1 Nimi s yajna 2 Buddhism 3 Jainism 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksHinduism editNimi s yajna edit Once Nimi performed a yajna and invited Sage Vasishtha to be the main priest to conduct the ceremony However the sage had already committed to conduct a yajna for Indra and he told Nimi that he would officiate as the head priest after having conducted Indra s yajna Nimi went away without replying Sage Vashistha was under the impression that King Nimi has assented to wait for him 4 5 The sage conducted Indra s yajna and rushed to preside at Nimi s yajna only to find that the yajna was already being conducted by Gautama Sage Vasishtha got angry and cursed King Nimi that he would cease to live in corporal form while the king was asleep Thus King Nimi was left without his body to heaven with Indra and stayed there for 9 000 000 years After the yajna was conducted successfully the priests asked the gods to return King Nimi to his corporal form However he refused to return to his bodily form The account of Nimi is described by Rama to Lakshmana in the Uttara Kanda of Ramayana 6 This episode is also detailed in the Vishnu Purana 7 Buddhism editIn several traditions a righteous and edifying Videhan King Nimi or Nemi is mentioned who travels to heaven and hell in a celestial chariot The story is mentioned in one text of the Pali Canon and two Pali post canonical texts The name Nimi or Nemi is explained as he brings the lineage full circle like the rim Pali nemi of a carriage wheel 8 The story relates that a certain King Makhadeva tells his barber that the latter should warn him as soon as the king has his first grey hair a common memento mori motif found in ancient Indian literature 9 which goes back to the ancient Indian conception of stages of life 10 Later on when his first hairs go grey and his barber tells him about that the king goes forth to lead a spiritual life as a hermit but not before he entrusts his son to do the same when his hair goes grey The former king is later reborn in a heavenly world He sees that his descendants all follow the same tradition of becoming hermits when they became old He then decides to be reborn as the next descendant of the same dynasty and has the name King Nimi The story then goes on to say that this king is able to travel to heaven and hell at the invitation of the god Sakka At the end of the story King Makhadeva later reborn as Nimi is identified as a previous birth of the Buddha and the barber and heavenly charioteer are identified as the disciple Ananda 11 The story is mentioned in many other early Buddhist texts both canonical and post canonical 12 13 Translator C A F Rhys Davids compared the legend with Dante s Inferno 14 12 The story of King Nimi visiting heaven and hell is iconic in traditional Thai art and is easily recognizable for the average Thai person 15 This story as well as many similar stories that deal with cakravartin kings attempts to establish that the spiritual life of renunciation is superior to the worldly life and the solitary life superior to a married life 16 17 Moreover Asian religion scholar Naomi Appleton argues that there is a connection between the stories of the Videhan renouncing kings and the ideal of the solitary Buddha in Buddhism Solitary Buddhas are often depicted renouncing their worldly life because of certain signs in their environment or on their body as in the case of Makkhadeva 17 Finally according to the scholar Padmanabh Jaini the story may also have influenced how Buddhist cosmology was interpreted 18 In post canonical Pali works the belief is expressed that King Nimi belongs to a long line of Kings descending from Mahasammata the first king of humankind The Buddha is believed to be a descendant of the same dynasty 19 Jainism editIn Jain texts a similar motif as in Buddhist texts can be found of a king called Nami 20 See also editBook of Arda Viraf Divine Comedy Hekhalot literature Janaka Ikshvaku DilipaReferences edit Garg Gaṅga Ram 1992 Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World Concept Publishing Company p 16 ISBN 978 81 7022 374 0 Mani Vettam 1 January 2015 Puranic Encyclopedia A Comprehensive Work with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature Motilal Banarsidass p 344 ISBN 978 81 208 0597 2 Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdom Author Makhan Jha Glucklich Ariel 9 May 2008 The Strides of Vishnu Hindu Culture in Historical Perspective Oxford University Press USA p 60 ISBN 978 0 19 531405 2 The Ramayaṇa of Valmiki An Epic of Ancient India Volume VII Uttarakaṇḍa Princeton University Press 11 September 2018 p 141 ISBN 978 0 691 18292 6 www wisdomlib org 28 September 2020 The Story of Nimi Chapter 55 www wisdomlib org Retrieved 13 July 2022 www wisdomlib org 30 August 2014 Sacrifice if Nimi origin of Sita and story of Kushadhvaja s race Chapter V www wisdomlib org Retrieved 13 July 2022 Appleton 2016 pp 139 40 164 n 9 Bloomfield Maurice 1916 On Recurring Psychic Motifs in Hindu Fiction and the Laugh and Cry Motif Journal of the American Oriental Society 36 57 8 doi 10 2307 592669 JSTOR 592669 Appleton 2016 p 140 Appleton 2016 p 139 165 n 14 a b Analayo Bhikkhu 2017 The Repercussions Of Lack Of Proper Governance PDF In Mahinda D ed Justice and Statecraft Buddhist Ideals Inspiring Contemporary World Nagananda International Buddhist University pp 126 7 Appleton 2016 p 139 Rhys Davids C A F 15 March 2011 Review The Jataka or Stories of the Buddha s Former Births Vol VI Translated by E B Cowell and W H D Rouse M A Litt D Cambridge 1907 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain amp Ireland 40 2 595 doi 10 1017 S0035869X00080837 S2CID 163337858 Brereton B P 1986 Images of Heaven and Hell in Thai Literature and Painting PDF Conference on Thai Studies in Honor of William J Gedney pp 41 2 Bhikkhu Analayo 2015 The Buddha s past life as a princess in the Ekottarika agama PDF Journal of Buddhist Ethics 22 95 a b Appleton 2016 p 144 Jaini Padmanabh S July 1992 Akaravattarasutta An apocryphal sutta from Thailand Indo Iranian Journal 35 2 3 198 doi 10 1007 BF00164932 S2CID 161230878 Jory Patrick 2002 The Vessantara Jataka Barami And The Bodhisatta Kings The Origin and Spread of a Thai Concept of Power Crossroads An Interdisciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 16 2 41 2 JSTOR 40860799 Appleton 2016 p 140 1 External links editAppleton Naomi 2016 Shared Characters in Jain Buddhist and Hindu Narrative Gods Kings and Other Heroes Taylor amp Francis ISBN 978 1 317 05575 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nimi king amp oldid 1189368900, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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