The Niger–Nigeria border is 1,608 kilometres (999 miles) in length and runs from the tripoint with Benin in the west to the tripoint with Chad in the east.[1]
The border starts in the west at Beninese tripoint in the Niger river, then proceeds overland in a northwards direction, before turning eastwards in a broad arc. The border then proceeds eastwards in a broadly eastwards direction, though with considerable undulation, before reaching the Komadougou Yobe river; the boundary then follows this river eastwards to the tripoint with Chad in Lake Chad.[2] The border cuts through the densely-populated cultural region known as Hausaland, with Hausa speakers forming the majority on both sides of the frontier.[3]
Historyedit
The border first emerged during the Scramble for Africa, a period of intense competition between European powers in the later 19th century for territory and influence in Africa.[4] The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884, in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward. As a result of this France gained control of the upper valley of the Niger River (roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger).[4] Meanwhile Britain, which had (via the Royal Niger Company) administered the area around Lagos since 1861 and the Oil River Protectorate (Calabar are the surrounding area) since 1884, would have priority in the areas south of the upper Niger region. From their respective bases both nations gradually extended their rule into the interior.[4] France has conquered the area of modern Niger in 1900; initially ruled as a military territory, it was later included within the federal colony of French West Africa (Afrique occidentale française, abbreviated AOF).[4] The British likewise extended their rule inland from their Lagos and Calabar bases, forming two additional colonies - the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate. In 1900 rule of these areas was transferred to the British government, with the Northern and Southern (including Lagos and Calabar) protectorates united as the colony of Nigeria in 1914.[4] Britain and France had signed a treaty on 5 August 1890, agreeing that their respective territories would be divided by a line from Say to Baroua near Lake Chad; this line was in general further north than the current border.[2] This boundary line was further delimited in 1898, 1904 and 1906, being finalised at its current location in 1910.[4] A series of beacons and markers were thereafter placed on the ground to physically demarcate the border.[2]
After the Second World War both Britain and France committed to the decolonisation of their African territories. As a result Niger was granted independence in August 1960, followed by Nigeria in October 1960, at which point their mutual frontier became an international one between two sovereign states.
In recent years the border area has been heavily affected by the ongoing Boko Haram insurgency in north-east Nigeria, resulting in flows of cross-border refugees and a general state of lawlessness.[5][6]
niger, nigeria, border, kilometres, miles, length, runs, from, tripoint, with, benin, west, tripoint, with, chad, east, niger, nigeria, border, contents, description, history, settlements, near, border, niger, nigeria, border, crossings, also, referencesdescri. The Niger Nigeria border is 1 608 kilometres 999 miles in length and runs from the tripoint with Benin in the west to the tripoint with Chad in the east 1 Niger Nigeria border Contents 1 Description 2 History 3 Settlements near the border 3 1 Niger 3 2 Nigeria 4 Border crossings 5 See also 6 ReferencesDescription editThe border starts in the west at Beninese tripoint in the Niger river then proceeds overland in a northwards direction before turning eastwards in a broad arc The border then proceeds eastwards in a broadly eastwards direction though with considerable undulation before reaching the Komadougou Yobe river the boundary then follows this river eastwards to the tripoint with Chad in Lake Chad 2 The border cuts through the densely populated cultural region known as Hausaland with Hausa speakers forming the majority on both sides of the frontier 3 History editThe border first emerged during the Scramble for Africa a period of intense competition between European powers in the later 19th century for territory and influence in Africa 4 The process culminated in the Berlin Conference of 1884 in which the European nations concerned agreed upon their respective territorial claims and the rules of engagements going forward As a result of this France gained control of the upper valley of the Niger River roughly equivalent to the areas of modern Mali and Niger 4 Meanwhile Britain which had via the Royal Niger Company administered the area around Lagos since 1861 and the Oil River Protectorate Calabar are the surrounding area since 1884 would have priority in the areas south of the upper Niger region From their respective bases both nations gradually extended their rule into the interior 4 France has conquered the area of modern Niger in 1900 initially ruled as a military territory it was later included within the federal colony of French West Africa Afrique occidentale francaise abbreviated AOF 4 The British likewise extended their rule inland from their Lagos and Calabar bases forming two additional colonies the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate In 1900 rule of these areas was transferred to the British government with the Northern and Southern including Lagos and Calabar protectorates united as the colony of Nigeria in 1914 4 Britain and France had signed a treaty on 5 August 1890 agreeing that their respective territories would be divided by a line from Say to Baroua near Lake Chad this line was in general further north than the current border 2 This boundary line was further delimited in 1898 1904 and 1906 being finalised at its current location in 1910 4 A series of beacons and markers were thereafter placed on the ground to physically demarcate the border 2 After the Second World War both Britain and France committed to the decolonisation of their African territories As a result Niger was granted independence in August 1960 followed by Nigeria in October 1960 at which point their mutual frontier became an international one between two sovereign states In recent years the border area has been heavily affected by the ongoing Boko Haram insurgency in north east Nigeria resulting in flows of cross border refugees and a general state of lawlessness 5 6 Settlements near the border editNiger edit Sabon Birni Bana Yelou Gueza Bei Bei Doumega Nassaraoua Tibiri Gofo Bazaga Birni N Konni Tsernaoua Doguerawa Kabobi Bangui Dan Mairi Serkin Toudou Maraka Bakoraouni Magaria Doumbari Gamdou Dunari Miskindi Toulatoula Faya Koura Maine Soroa Diffa Bosso Nigeria edit Dole Kamba Kokoba Maiyama Rafin Tsaka Nageda Kangiwa Kwalaye Lema Tagimba Jimojime Sule Tunugara Ruawuri Kalmalo Kwashebawa Djibia Katsina Dankama Mai Adua Zango Rogogo Maribara Baure Babura Maigatari Galadi Machina Gumsi Meori Kurusalia Njikilamma Karagu Margawa AregeBorder crossings editThere are numerous official border crossings the main ones being Gaya Kamba Birni N Konni Ilela Dan Issa Katsina and Magaria Mutum 7 8 See also editNiger Nigeria relationsReferences edit CIA World Factbook Niger 3 November 2019 a b c Brownlie Ian 1979 African Boundaries A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia Institute for International Affairs Hurst and Co pp 445 69 William F S Miles Hausaland Divided Colonialism and Independence in Nigeria and Niger Cornell University Press 1994 a b c d e f International Boundary Study No 93 Niger Nigeria Boundary PDF 15 December 1969 retrieved 6 November 2019 Niger Nigeria border governors meet to tackle border violence News 24 9 September 2019 retrieved 8 November 2019 UNHCR Attacks in NW Nigeria Send Thousands Fleeing to Niger News 24 27 September 2019 retrieved 8 November 2019 Geels Jolijn 2006 Bradt Travel Guide Niger pgs 46 Williams Lizzie 2012 Bradt Travel Guide Nigeria pgs 57 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Niger Nigeria border amp oldid 1037807131, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
