Nicolaas Samuelszoon Kruik (Latin: Nicolaus Samuelis Cruquius; 2 December 1678 in West-Vlieland – 5 February 1754 in Spaarndam), also known as Klaas Kruik and Nicolaes Krukius, was a Dutch land surveyor, cartographer, astronomer and weatherman. He is commemorated by the Museum De Cruquius.
He was a perfectionist who liked to measure things and he calculated temperature measurements in Fahrenheit from 1706 to 1734. His historical calculations are still used today by the KNMI, the Dutch meteorological institute. He not only measured weather changes in wind speed, rainfall, air pressure, temperature, and humidity, but also measured sea level. His method of visualising planes of water level to illustrate contours of depth (isobaths) in his map of the Merwede (1728) was the first of its kind.[1] He was an advocate of pumping out the Haarlemmermeer (Haarlem lake),[2] which was done a century after his death.
Rijnlandshuis, the Gemeenlandshuis where Cruquius lived and worked in Spaarndam
He became a surveyor at the age of 19 and began to draw maps, a lucrative job in his day. Though born in Vlieland, he moved to Delft a few years after he was born and it is there in 1705 that he started his first weather observations. In 1717 at the age of 39, though firmly established as a respected surveyor, he moved to the family farm in Rijnsburg outside Leiden and chose to study in Leiden under Herman Boerhaave, at that time the most famous scientist in the Netherlands. He signed himself in as "Krukius, medical student, born in Delft". Thanks to Boerhaave, Kruik became a member of the Royal Society of London. The secretary of the Royal Society at that time, James Jurin, started the first European network of meteorological weather stations, and the Dutch members played a large part. Kruik was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1724.[3]
In 1721 and 1723 Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli travelled to Holland and he and Boerhaave stimulated Kruik to keep systematic observations in the belief that climate changes had an effect on public health. Kruik started to travel the various beaches and rivers in the Netherlands and study the water levels while continuing his map-making work. On these trips he was sometimes accompanied by Boerhaave and Marsigli. While studying the Merwede, he began to form plans to help keep the lower areas of the Netherlands dry.
Kruik's c. 1730 map of the Merwede, the first full-scale depiction of contours of depth (isobaths).
It was at this time that Kruik changed his name to the Latin Cruquius after his first publications of maps and measurements. In 1725 he wrote a famous letter to Willem 's Gravesande, a Dutch professor of physics and astronomy at Leiden, proposing an empirical deductive research method to solve the water problems of the Netherlands. This letter started the chain of events in working that eventually led to a plan presented to the United Provinces to create a water defense plan in 1727. It was this unified water plan that in turn led to the creation of Haarlemmermeer bij pumping the Haarlem lake dry more than a century later.
Diagram showing the distance of the planets to the earth in 1732, also showing a complete lunar eclipse and a partial solar eclipse in that year
In 1733 he became a member of the 'Hoogheemraadschap Rijnland', a Dutch Waterboard Agency, and worked as a Waterboard inspector in Spaarndam. It was here that he met Jan Noppen (1706–1734), the Halfweg inspector, who started the earliest continuous weather station in Zwanenburg with measurements three times daily of temperature, air pressure, humidity, and rainfall.
An eccentric man, Kruik wrote music, and had an obsessive need to measure things.[citation needed] This need included measuring his own weight and amount of urine daily.[citation needed] According to contemporary accounts, only Boerhaave could successfully work with him.[citation needed]
^"The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Archive Resource entry for Cruquius; Nicolaus". Royal Society. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
Referencesedit
Paul van den Brink, In een opslag van het oog: de Hollandse rivierkartografie en waterstaatszorg in opkomst, 1725–1754, Canaletto/Repro-Holland, 1998.
Het oudste weerboekje van Nederland: de weerwaarnemingen van Nicolaas Cruquius a reprint of the "Hoogheemraadschap van Rijnland" (Dutch Waterboard agency) archive of the observations of Nicolaas Cruquius with a foreword by Harry Geurts of the Dutch Meteorological Institute KNMI, by Nicolaas Cruquius & Harry Geurts, Van Wijnen, Franeker, 2006.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nicolaas Samuel Crucquius.
External linksedit
Museum De Cruquius website
Link with historical information about Cruquius (retrieved dec 2007)
Historische weerkundige waarnemingen, A.F.V. van Engelen en H.A.M. Geurts, Nicolaus Cruquius (1678–1754) and his meteorological observations, De Bilt, 1985
April 12, 2024
nicolaas, kruik, nicolaas, samuelszoon, kruik, latin, nicolaus, samuelis, cruquius, december, 1678, west, vlieland, february, 1754, spaarndam, also, known, klaas, kruik, nicolaes, krukius, dutch, land, surveyor, cartographer, astronomer, weatherman, commemorat. Nicolaas Samuelszoon Kruik Latin Nicolaus Samuelis Cruquius 2 December 1678 in West Vlieland 5 February 1754 in Spaarndam also known as Klaas Kruik and Nicolaes Krukius was a Dutch land surveyor cartographer astronomer and weatherman He is commemorated by the Museum De Cruquius Nicolaas KruikBorn2 December 1678West Vlieland Dutch RepublicDied5 February 1754 1754 02 05 aged 75 Spaarndam Dutch RepublicOccupation s surveyor cartographer astronomer and weathermanHe was a perfectionist who liked to measure things and he calculated temperature measurements in Fahrenheit from 1706 to 1734 His historical calculations are still used today by the KNMI the Dutch meteorological institute He not only measured weather changes in wind speed rainfall air pressure temperature and humidity but also measured sea level His method of visualising planes of water level to illustrate contours of depth isobaths in his map of the Merwede 1728 was the first of its kind 1 He was an advocate of pumping out the Haarlemmermeer Haarlem lake 2 which was done a century after his death Contents 1 Biography 2 Notes 3 References 4 External linksBiography edit nbsp Rijnlandshuis the Gemeenlandshuis where Cruquius lived and worked in SpaarndamHe became a surveyor at the age of 19 and began to draw maps a lucrative job in his day Though born in Vlieland he moved to Delft a few years after he was born and it is there in 1705 that he started his first weather observations In 1717 at the age of 39 though firmly established as a respected surveyor he moved to the family farm in Rijnsburg outside Leiden and chose to study in Leiden under Herman Boerhaave at that time the most famous scientist in the Netherlands He signed himself in as Krukius medical student born in Delft Thanks to Boerhaave Kruik became a member of the Royal Society of London The secretary of the Royal Society at that time James Jurin started the first European network of meteorological weather stations and the Dutch members played a large part Kruik was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1724 3 In 1721 and 1723 Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli travelled to Holland and he and Boerhaave stimulated Kruik to keep systematic observations in the belief that climate changes had an effect on public health Kruik started to travel the various beaches and rivers in the Netherlands and study the water levels while continuing his map making work On these trips he was sometimes accompanied by Boerhaave and Marsigli While studying the Merwede he began to form plans to help keep the lower areas of the Netherlands dry nbsp Kruik s c 1730 map of the Merwede the first full scale depiction of contours of depth isobaths It was at this time that Kruik changed his name to the Latin Cruquius after his first publications of maps and measurements In 1725 he wrote a famous letter to Willem s Gravesande a Dutch professor of physics and astronomy at Leiden proposing an empirical deductive research method to solve the water problems of the Netherlands This letter started the chain of events in working that eventually led to a plan presented to the United Provinces to create a water defense plan in 1727 It was this unified water plan that in turn led to the creation of Haarlemmermeer bij pumping the Haarlem lake dry more than a century later nbsp Diagram showing the distance of the planets to the earth in 1732 also showing a complete lunar eclipse and a partial solar eclipse in that yearIn 1733 he became a member of the Hoogheemraadschap Rijnland a Dutch Waterboard Agency and worked as a Waterboard inspector in Spaarndam It was here that he met Jan Noppen 1706 1734 the Halfweg inspector who started the earliest continuous weather station in Zwanenburg with measurements three times daily of temperature air pressure humidity and rainfall An eccentric man Kruik wrote music and had an obsessive need to measure things citation needed This need included measuring his own weight and amount of urine daily citation needed According to contemporary accounts only Boerhaave could successfully work with him citation needed Notes edit Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Map Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 17 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 630 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Haarlem Lake Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 12 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 781 The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Archive Resource entry for Cruquius Nicolaus Royal Society Retrieved 9 June 2013 References editPaul van den Brink In een opslag van het oog de Hollandse rivierkartografie en waterstaatszorg in opkomst 1725 1754 Canaletto Repro Holland 1998 Het oudste weerboekje van Nederland de weerwaarnemingen van Nicolaas Cruquius a reprint of the Hoogheemraadschap van Rijnland Dutch Waterboard agency archive of the observations of Nicolaas Cruquius with a foreword by Harry Geurts of the Dutch Meteorological Institute KNMI by Nicolaas Cruquius amp Harry Geurts Van Wijnen Franeker 2006 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nicolaas Samuel Crucquius External links editMuseum De Cruquius website Dutch Meteorological Institute KNMI website Link with historical information about Cruquius retrieved dec 2007 Historische weerkundige waarnemingen A F V van Engelen en H A M Geurts Nicolaus Cruquius 1678 1754 and his meteorological observations De Bilt 1985 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nicolaas Kruik amp oldid 1217509488, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
