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Nicknames of Houston

March 04, 2023

There are many nicknames for the city of Houston, the largest city in Texas and fourth-largest city in the United States. The city's nicknames reflect its geography, economy, multicultural population, and popular culture, including sports and music. They are often used by the media and in popular culture to reference the city.

The skyline of the city of Houston

Houston currently has one official nickname, "Space City", signifying the city's global importance to space exploration and historical role as a prominent center of activity by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Cities adopt official nicknames such as this one to establish a civic identity, promote civic pride, and build community unity.[1] Houston has had other nicknames in the past which have faded in common usage, going as far back as the 1870s.

The city has recently accumulated several unofficial nicknames from among sub-groups within the city, including several whose origins are in the local hip-hop subculture. The most recently added nickname is "The Big Heart", which refers to assistance given by Houston and its citizens to the victims of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and 2006.

Official nickname

Space City

Houston received its official nickname of "Space City" in 1967 because it is home to NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center.[2][3]

NASA's center in Houston has its origins in the Space Task Group which directed its first manned spaceflight program, Project Mercury. In 1961, it grew into a bigger organization as the Manned Spacecraft Center, and in 1962 moved into a newly built campus on land donated by Rice University.[4] It was renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC) in honor of Texas U.S. Senator, Vice President, and President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1973, the year Johnson died. As Senate Majority Leader, Johnson played a decisive role in passage of the legislation which created NASA in 1958. JSC contains the Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center, which coordinates and monitors all human spaceflight for the United States, and directed all Space Shuttle missions and activities aboard the International Space Station.[5] The visitor's center of JSC is Space Center Houston.[6]

Some of the first words transmitted by Neil Armstrong from the moon, "Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed", are written in 15 languages on bronze plaques placed along the main entrance of Tranquility Park in downtown Houston. A replica of one of the footprints left on the moon by Neil Armstrong is also on display inside the park.[7]

Popular nicknames

HOU

The correct 3-letter abbreviation for the city, taken from the acronym for Hobby Airport.

Bayou City

"Bayou City" redirects here. For the Confederate ship, see CS Bayou City.

Houston is popularly known as "The Bayou City"[8] (and less frequently as "Baghdad on the Bayou")[9] because it is home to ten winding waterways that flow through the surrounding area. Buffalo Bayou is the main waterway flowing through the city and has a significant place in Texas history, not only due to the founding place of the City of Houston, but also because the final battle for Texas Independence was fought along its banks.[10] Other major bayous in the city include White Oak Bayou, Brays Bayou and Sims Bayou.[11]

H-Town

"H-Town" is a widely popular modern nickname for Houston.[12] It is commonly used in reference to the city both locally and internationally, especially within the entertainment community. In addition, the H-Town Blues Festival is a music festival held each year in the city,[13] and the H-Town Arena Theatre has hosted a variety of performing artists from around the country since the 1970s.[14] H-Town (with the "H" standing for Houston) is also the name of an R&B and hip hop band from Houston that was formed in 1992.[15]

Hustle-Town

"Hustle-Town", another popular local nickname for Houston, is often proudly used to reference the city's significance as an international center of commerce, trade, and more recently, music, art, and a rapidly growing population center that 'never seems to rest'. Houston is sometimes compared to larger, older cities and pop-cultural centers, sometimes being referred to as the "New York' or 'L.A' of the South", and is actually the fourth largest city in the United States, in terms of population size. The term 'Hustle-Town' was heavily popularized by Houston rapper SPM, following the release of 'Hustle-Town' in 1998, directly utilizing the term in the name of the song, which was followed with a large rise in the usage of the term in hip-hop music and culture in the Houston scene. The term is also often used by sports teams, corporations, slogans, or groups in Houston, such as the Houston Astros, with the phrase 'Welcome to Hustle Town', which can be seen painted on the south side of Minute Maid Park.

Sport Nicknames

Clutch City

Main article: Clutch City

The nickname of "Clutch City" was given to the city of Houston after the Houston Rockets won the 1994 and 1995 NBA championships. The moniker was adopted in response to a front-page headline in the Houston Chronicle declaring Houston to be "Choke City".[16] It was revived in 2005, as the Houston Astros had a late-season rally to win the pennant and clinch their first-ever World Series appearance, and again in 2006, when the Houston Dynamo won the MLS Cup in their inaugural season.[17]

The Rockets' mascot, "Clutch the Bear", was named the 5th-most recognizable mascot in sports by USA Today in February 2005, and was inducted into the Mascot Hall of Fame in 2006.[18]

Crush City

Crush City is a nickname that derived from the 2015 Houston Astros season. "Crush" is a reference to the high number of home runs delivered by the Houston Astros, as the team ended with the second most home runs in MLB.

Historic nicknames

 
A Magnolia flower in bloom

Magnolia City

"Magnolia City" is one of the earliest of Houston's many nicknames. The Texas World, a newspaper first published in 1900, is said to have labeled Houston "the Magnolia City",[19] but the nickname had been in use among the locals since the 1870s.[20] Areas of east Houston, particularly Harrisburg and Magnolia Park, were once natural Magnolia forests that were wiped out by urban sprawl by the 1920s. The nickname is still sometimes used in media stories about the city.[19]

 
1912 pamphlet with illustrations of Houston

Capital of the Sunbelt

The nickname "Capital of the Sunbelt" (also "Golden Buckle on the Sun Belt")[21] appeared during the boomtown years when the city experienced rapid growth.[22][23][24][25][26] In the late 1970s, Houston was experiencing a population increase, as people from Rust Belt states moved en masse into Texas.[27] The new residents mostly came for the numerous employment opportunities in the petroleum industry, resulting from the Arab Oil Embargo.[28]

 
Katrina evacuees shelter at the Reliant Astrodome.

The Big Heart

The "Big Heart" is a nickname Houston earned in 2005–06 among many of the storm victims from Louisiana and other affected areas who sought refuge there in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.[29] Angelo Edwards, vice chair of the ACORN Katrina Survivors Association, said, "No other city really provided the resources and assistance Houston has."[29]

Houston housed, fed and mended more than 150,000 survivors in an effort that won acclaim throughout the United States, mounting what is believed to be the biggest shelter operation in the country's history, including Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (MASH)-like mega-clinics that took on problems ranging from emergency care to eyeglass prescriptions.[29]

"This has been a real success story", said Houston Mayor Bill White. "So many Houstonians stepped up to help our neighbors from Louisiana. It was humbling, and it showed the world the big heart and the incredible talent of our city."[30]

Subculture and groups

City of Lean

The "City of Lean" nickname (also "Lean City") refers to the enjoyment of codeine-laced cough syrup, sometimes called purple drank, that has been popular in Houston and is associated with some rap artists.[31][32] Houston rap artist Big Moe used this nickname for the title of his 2000 album City of Syrup, whose cover featured an image of purple ooze being poured over the Houston skyline.[33]

Drip City is another name for City of Lean

Houstone

“Houstone” is generally used to refer to members of the Texas prison gang “Tango Blast”. However, “Houstone” is also used amongst them to claim Houston as their city as a form of identification.

Mutt City

Coined by food writer John T. Edge in Oxford American:[34] "... a name that combines the city's embrace of the variety and splendor of the foods from our immigrant communities and our penchant for crossing the lines and boundaries between not only different cuisines but between high-dollar and low-brow fare."[35]

Ozone City

"Ozone City" is a more recent nickname used in Punk, Alternative, and art circles. Its exact origins are unknown, but likely in reference to Houston's high Ozone count and air pollution.[36]

Screwston

"Screwston" is a popular modern nickname for the city of Houston.[37] It is widely known by fans of local hip-hop artist DJ Screw and his style of music, known as "chopped and screwed".[38]

Marketing slogan

 
An oil well in Texas

The Energy Capital of the World

Houston is considered by many to be "The Energy Capital of the World,"[39] because the city is home to more than 5,000 energy-related firms.[40] The city is a leading domestic and international center for virtually every segment of the oil and gas industry—exploration, production, transmission, marketing, service, supply, offshore drilling, and technology.[41][42]

Houston dominates U.S. oil and gas exploration and production and is unrivaled in the American energy industry.[43] It is home to more than 3,600 energy-related establishments. Houston is also home to 13 of the nation's 20 largest natural gas transmission companies, 600 exploration and production firms and more than 170 pipeline operators.[41][42] Houston also hosts the annual Offshore Technology Conference which is the world's largest energy-related trade show.

See also

References

  1. ^ Muench, David "Wisconsin Community Slogans: Their Use and Local Impacts 2013-06-09 at the Wayback Machine ", December 1993, accessed April 10, 2007.
  2. ^ "JSC Celebrates 40 Years of Human Space Flight". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved February 18, 2007.
  3. ^ http://blogs.houstonpress.com/hairballs/2010/03/houston_101_yet_another_new_ni.php Houston Press: Houston 101
  4. ^ Dethloff, Henry C. (1993). "Chapter 3: Houston - Texas - U.S.A.". Suddenly Tomorrow Came... A History of the Johnson Space Center. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ISBN 978-1502753588.
  5. ^ . Space Center Houston. Archived from the original on 2015-09-07. Retrieved July 31, 2015.
  6. ^ "About Us". Space Center Houston. Retrieved July 31, 2015.
  7. ^ . Parks and Outdoors, What to do, Greater Houston Convention and Visitors Bureau. Archived from the original on July 1, 2007. Retrieved March 27, 2007.
  8. ^ . Travel Guide, www.VCarious.com (2007). Archived from the original on February 7, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  9. ^ "Bayous and Waterways". Environmental News, Citizens' Environmental Coalition – Houston. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  10. ^ John Perry. . Houston Heritage, City Savvy, Vol. 11, No. 3 (Online Ed. 2006). Archived from the original on January 24, 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  11. ^ Eric Ruckstuhl. . Bayou Preservation Association. Archived from the original on June 8, 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  12. ^ "H-Town". The Big Apple, www.barrypopik.com. Retrieved September 27, 2007.
  13. ^ William Michael Smith. "The H-Town Blues Festival". Houston Press (February 1, 2007). Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  14. ^ . www.GoTickets.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  15. ^ "H-Town Lead Singer Dies". MTV. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
  16. ^ Dave Winder. . www.Rockets.com, NBA Media Ventures. Archived from the original on December 25, 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  17. ^ David J. Warner. . www.sports.aol.com. Archived from the original on 2007-11-21. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
  18. ^ "2006 Inductees". The Official Mascot Hall of Fame (2007). Archived from the original on January 28, 2013. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
  19. ^ a b "Bayou City has a long, full history of print journalism". 100 Years, Houston Chronicle (Oct. 10, 2001). Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  20. ^ "Magnolia City (Houston nickname)". The Big Apple, Entry from August 13, 2006. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  21. ^ Blumenthal, Ralph (March 1, 2004). "A Hummer Alongside a Horse? The Rodeo Must Be in Houston". The New York Times. Retrieved January 24, 2008.
  22. ^ Kotkin, Joel (2014-03-01). "Forget What the Pundits Tell You, Coastal Cities are Old News - it's the Sunbelt that's Booming". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
  23. ^ Feagin, Joe R. (1985-01-01). "The Global Context of Metropolitan Growth: Houston and the Oil Industry". American Journal of Sociology. 90 (6): 1204–1230. doi:10.1086/228208. JSTOR 2779634. S2CID 143437278.
  24. ^ . www.temple.edu. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
  25. ^ Brenner, Neil; Keil, Roger (2006-01-01). The Global Cities Reader. Psychology Press. ISBN 9780415323444.
  26. ^ Cummings, Scott (1988-01-01). Business Elites and Urban Development: Case Studies and Critical Perspectives. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780887065774.
  27. ^ "Polish-Texans". Texas Almanac (2004-2005), www.texasalmanac.com. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  28. ^ "The Impact of World Events on the Petroleum Industry of Houston, Texas in the 1970s and 1980s" (PDF). University of Houston Mathematics Department. Retrieved January 22, 2008.[dead link]
  29. ^ a b c "Katrina's Latest Damage". Newsweek on post-Katrina Houston (March 5, 2006). Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  30. ^ . Mayor Bill White – Press Releases, City of Houston (September 21, 2005). Archived from the original on June 24, 2007. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  31. ^ "city of syrup". The Big Apple, www.barrypopik.com. Retrieved September 27, 2007.
  32. ^ National Drug Intelligence Center (2007). . Archived from the original on February 13, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2008. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  33. ^ From Bayou City to "city of syrup" by Kristen Mack, Houston Chronicle, February 10, 2002, 2 Star edition, Section A, Page 37 MetFront
  34. ^ John T. Edge (Fall 2012). . Oxford American. Archived from the original on 2019-06-08. Retrieved 2019-06-08.
  35. ^ Sarah Rufca (Nov 15, 2012). "National food critic dubs H-Town's restaurant scene "bastard cooking" — sorry that's no compliment". Culture Map Houston.
  36. ^ "Ozone City". Ozone City Ourage, www.houstonpunkart.wordpress.com.
  37. ^ "Screwston". The Big Apple, www.barrypopik.com. Retrieved September 27, 2007.
  38. ^ . MTV. Archived from the original on January 11, 2008. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
  39. ^ . Energy Capital Houston. Archived from the original on August 19, 2006. Retrieved January 30, 2008.
  40. ^ "Facts and Figures". About Houston, City of Houston (2007). Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  41. ^ a b . Greater Houston Partnership. Archived from the original on December 22, 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
  42. ^ a b Greater Houston Partnership, 2005 – 2015 Strategic Plan 2008-04-11 at the Wayback Machine , page 27.
  43. ^ Simon Romero (September 6, 2005). "Houston Finds Business Boon After Katrina". Business, New York Times (September 6, 2005). Retrieved June 27, 2007.

External links

  • City of Houston official website
  • Greater Houston Convention & Visitors Bureau

March 04, 2023
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There are many nicknames for the city of Houston the largest city in Texas and fourth largest city in the United States The city s nicknames reflect its geography economy multicultural population and popular culture including sports and music They are often used by the media and in popular culture to reference the city The skyline of the city of Houston Houston currently has one official nickname Space City signifying the city s global importance to space exploration and historical role as a prominent center of activity by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Cities adopt official nicknames such as this one to establish a civic identity promote civic pride and build community unity 1 Houston has had other nicknames in the past which have faded in common usage going as far back as the 1870s The city has recently accumulated several unofficial nicknames from among sub groups within the city including several whose origins are in the local hip hop subculture The most recently added nickname is The Big Heart which refers to assistance given by Houston and its citizens to the victims of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and 2006 Contents 1 Official nickname 1 1 Space City 2 Popular nicknames 2 1 HOU 2 2 Bayou City 2 3 H Town 2 4 Hustle Town 2 5 Sport Nicknames 2 5 1 Clutch City 2 5 2 Crush City 3 Historic nicknames 3 1 Magnolia City 3 2 Capital of the Sunbelt 3 3 The Big Heart 4 Subculture and groups 4 1 City of Lean 4 2 Houstone 4 3 Mutt City 4 4 Ozone City 4 5 Screwston 5 Marketing slogan 5 1 The Energy Capital of the World 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksOfficial nickname EditSpace City Edit Johnson Space Center Houston received its official nickname of Space City in 1967 because it is home to NASA s Manned Spacecraft Center 2 3 NASA s center in Houston has its origins in the Space Task Group which directed its first manned spaceflight program Project Mercury In 1961 it grew into a bigger organization as the Manned Spacecraft Center and in 1962 moved into a newly built campus on land donated by Rice University 4 It was renamed the Lyndon B Johnson Space Center JSC in honor of Texas U S Senator Vice President and President Lyndon B Johnson in 1973 the year Johnson died As Senate Majority Leader Johnson played a decisive role in passage of the legislation which created NASA in 1958 JSC contains the Christopher C Kraft Jr Mission Control Center which coordinates and monitors all human spaceflight for the United States and directed all Space Shuttle missions and activities aboard the International Space Station 5 The visitor s center of JSC is Space Center Houston 6 Some of the first words transmitted by Neil Armstrong from the moon Houston Tranquility Base here The Eagle has landed are written in 15 languages on bronze plaques placed along the main entrance of Tranquility Park in downtown Houston A replica of one of the footprints left on the moon by Neil Armstrong is also on display inside the park 7 Popular nicknames EditHOU Edit The correct 3 letter abbreviation for the city taken from the acronym for Hobby Airport Bayou City Edit Bayou City redirects here For the Confederate ship see CS Bayou City Houston is popularly known as The Bayou City 8 and less frequently as Baghdad on the Bayou 9 because it is home to ten winding waterways that flow through the surrounding area Buffalo Bayou is the main waterway flowing through the city and has a significant place in Texas history not only due to the founding place of the City of Houston but also because the final battle for Texas Independence was fought along its banks 10 Other major bayous in the city include White Oak Bayou Brays Bayou and Sims Bayou 11 H Town Edit H Town is a widely popular modern nickname for Houston 12 It is commonly used in reference to the city both locally and internationally especially within the entertainment community In addition the H Town Blues Festival is a music festival held each year in the city 13 and the H Town Arena Theatre has hosted a variety of performing artists from around the country since the 1970s 14 H Town with the H standing for Houston is also the name of an R amp B and hip hop band from Houston that was formed in 1992 15 Hustle Town Edit Hustle Town another popular local nickname for Houston is often proudly used to reference the city s significance as an international center of commerce trade and more recently music art and a rapidly growing population center that never seems to rest Houston is sometimes compared to larger older cities and pop cultural centers sometimes being referred to as the New York or L A of the South and is actually the fourth largest city in the United States in terms of population size The term Hustle Town was heavily popularized by Houston rapper SPM following the release of Hustle Town in 1998 directly utilizing the term in the name of the song which was followed with a large rise in the usage of the term in hip hop music and culture in the Houston scene The term is also often used by sports teams corporations slogans or groups in Houston such as the Houston Astros with the phrase Welcome to Hustle Town which can be seen painted on the south side of Minute Maid Park Sport Nicknames Edit Clutch City Edit Main article Clutch City The nickname of Clutch City was given to the city of Houston after the Houston Rockets won the 1994 and 1995 NBA championships The moniker was adopted in response to a front page headline in the Houston Chronicle declaring Houston to be Choke City 16 It was revived in 2005 as the Houston Astros had a late season rally to win the pennant and clinch their first ever World Series appearance and again in 2006 when the Houston Dynamo won the MLS Cup in their inaugural season 17 The Rockets mascot Clutch the Bear was named the 5th most recognizable mascot in sports by USA Today in February 2005 and was inducted into the Mascot Hall of Fame in 2006 18 Crush City Edit Crush City is a nickname that derived from the 2015 Houston Astros season Crush is a reference to the high number of home runs delivered by the Houston Astros as the team ended with the second most home runs in MLB Historic nicknames Edit A Magnolia flower in bloom Magnolia City Edit Magnolia City is one of the earliest of Houston s many nicknames The Texas World a newspaper first published in 1900 is said to have labeled Houston the Magnolia City 19 but the nickname had been in use among the locals since the 1870s 20 Areas of east Houston particularly Harrisburg and Magnolia Park were once natural Magnolia forests that were wiped out by urban sprawl by the 1920s The nickname is still sometimes used in media stories about the city 19 1912 pamphlet with illustrations of Houston Capital of the Sunbelt Edit The nickname Capital of the Sunbelt also Golden Buckle on the Sun Belt 21 appeared during the boomtown years when the city experienced rapid growth 22 23 24 25 26 In the late 1970s Houston was experiencing a population increase as people from Rust Belt states moved en masse into Texas 27 The new residents mostly came for the numerous employment opportunities in the petroleum industry resulting from the Arab Oil Embargo 28 Katrina evacuees shelter at the Reliant Astrodome The Big Heart Edit The Big Heart is a nickname Houston earned in 2005 06 among many of the storm victims from Louisiana and other affected areas who sought refuge there in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina 29 Angelo Edwards vice chair of the ACORN Katrina Survivors Association said No other city really provided the resources and assistance Houston has 29 Houston housed fed and mended more than 150 000 survivors in an effort that won acclaim throughout the United States mounting what is believed to be the biggest shelter operation in the country s history including Mobile Army Surgical Hospital MASH like mega clinics that took on problems ranging from emergency care to eyeglass prescriptions 29 This has been a real success story said Houston Mayor Bill White So many Houstonians stepped up to help our neighbors from Louisiana It was humbling and it showed the world the big heart and the incredible talent of our city 30 Subculture and groups EditCity of Lean Edit The City of Lean nickname also Lean City refers to the enjoyment of codeine laced cough syrup sometimes called purple drank that has been popular in Houston and is associated with some rap artists 31 32 Houston rap artist Big Moe used this nickname for the title of his 2000 album City of Syrup whose cover featured an image of purple ooze being poured over the Houston skyline 33 Drip City is another name for City of Lean Houstone Edit Houstone is generally used to refer to members of the Texas prison gang Tango Blast However Houstone is also used amongst them to claim Houston as their city as a form of identification Mutt City Edit Coined by food writer John T Edge in Oxford American 34 a name that combines the city s embrace of the variety and splendor of the foods from our immigrant communities and our penchant for crossing the lines and boundaries between not only different cuisines but between high dollar and low brow fare 35 Ozone City Edit Ozone City is a more recent nickname used in Punk Alternative and art circles Its exact origins are unknown but likely in reference to Houston s high Ozone count and air pollution 36 Screwston Edit Screwston is a popular modern nickname for the city of Houston 37 It is widely known by fans of local hip hop artist DJ Screw and his style of music known as chopped and screwed 38 Marketing slogan Edit An oil well in Texas The Energy Capital of the World Edit Houston is considered by many to be The Energy Capital of the World 39 because the city is home to more than 5 000 energy related firms 40 The city is a leading domestic and international center for virtually every segment of the oil and gas industry exploration production transmission marketing service supply offshore drilling and technology 41 42 Houston dominates U S oil and gas exploration and production and is unrivaled in the American energy industry 43 It is home to more than 3 600 energy related establishments Houston is also home to 13 of the nation s 20 largest natural gas transmission companies 600 exploration and production firms and more than 170 pipeline operators 41 42 Houston also hosts the annual Offshore Technology Conference which is the world s largest energy related trade show See also Edit Texas portalList of city nicknames in Texas Culture of HoustonReferences Edit Muench David Wisconsin Community Slogans Their Use and Local Impacts Archived 2013 06 09 at the Wayback Machine December 1993 accessed April 10 2007 JSC Celebrates 40 Years of Human Space Flight National Aeronautics and Space Administration Retrieved February 18 2007 http blogs houstonpress com hairballs 2010 03 houston 101 yet another new ni php Houston Press Houston 101 Dethloff Henry C 1993 Chapter 3 Houston Texas U S A Suddenly Tomorrow Came A History of the Johnson Space Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration ISBN 978 1502753588 JSC History Space Center Houston Archived from the original on 2015 09 07 Retrieved July 31 2015 About Us Space Center Houston Retrieved July 31 2015 Tranquility Park Parks and Outdoors What to do Greater Houston Convention and Visitors Bureau Archived from the original on July 1 2007 Retrieved March 27 2007 Houston Travel Guide www VCarious com 2007 Archived from the original on February 7 2012 Retrieved June 27 2007 Bayous and Waterways Environmental News Citizens Environmental Coalition Houston Retrieved June 27 2007 John Perry Born on the bayou city s murky start Houston Heritage City Savvy Vol 11 No 3 Online Ed 2006 Archived from the original on January 24 2007 Retrieved June 27 2007 Eric Ruckstuhl Canoeing Houston s Bayous and Creeks Bayou Preservation Association Archived from the original on June 8 2007 Retrieved June 27 2007 H Town The Big Apple www barrypopik com Retrieved September 27 2007 William Michael Smith The H Town Blues Festival Houston Press February 1 2007 Retrieved June 27 2007 Events at H Town Theatre www GoTickets com Archived from the original on February 6 2012 Retrieved June 27 2007 H Town Lead Singer Dies MTV Retrieved January 22 2008 Dave Winder 1994 From Choke City to Clutch City Looking back www Rockets com NBA Media Ventures Archived from the original on December 25 2007 Retrieved June 27 2007 David J Warner Houston Dynamo Wins MLS Cup Nobody Outside of RFK Stadium Sees It Happen www sports aol com Archived from the original on 2007 11 21 Retrieved January 22 2008 2006 Inductees The Official Mascot Hall of Fame 2007 Archived from the original on January 28 2013 Retrieved January 8 2008 a b Bayou City has a long full history of print journalism 100 Years Houston Chronicle Oct 10 2001 Retrieved June 27 2007 Magnolia City Houston nickname The Big Apple Entry from August 13 2006 Retrieved June 27 2007 Blumenthal Ralph March 1 2004 A Hummer Alongside a Horse The Rodeo Must Be in Houston The New York Times Retrieved January 24 2008 Kotkin Joel 2014 03 01 Forget What the Pundits Tell You Coastal Cities are Old News it s the Sunbelt that s Booming The Daily Beast Retrieved 2016 03 25 Feagin Joe R 1985 01 01 The Global Context of Metropolitan Growth Houston and the Oil Industry American Journal of Sociology 90 6 1204 1230 doi 10 1086 228208 JSTOR 2779634 S2CID 143437278 Beth Anne Shelton Joe R Feagin Robert Bullard Nestor Rodriguez Robert D Thomas Houston www temple edu Archived from the original on 2016 03 04 Retrieved 2016 03 25 Brenner Neil Keil Roger 2006 01 01 The Global Cities Reader Psychology Press ISBN 9780415323444 Cummings Scott 1988 01 01 Business Elites and Urban Development Case Studies and Critical Perspectives SUNY Press ISBN 9780887065774 Polish Texans Texas Almanac 2004 2005 www texasalmanac com Retrieved July 3 2018 The Impact of World Events on the Petroleum Industry of Houston Texas in the 1970s and 1980s PDF University of Houston Mathematics Department Retrieved January 22 2008 dead link a b c Katrina s Latest Damage Newsweek on post Katrina Houston March 5 2006 Retrieved June 27 2007 George R Brown Convention Center Closes its Doors Having Placed All Residents in Housing or Other Shelters Mayor Bill White Press Releases City of Houston September 21 2005 Archived from the original on June 24 2007 Retrieved June 27 2007 city of syrup The Big Apple www barrypopik com Retrieved September 27 2007 National Drug Intelligence Center 2007 Houston High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area Drug Market Analysis Archived from the original on February 13 2008 Retrieved January 24 2008 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Check url value help From Bayou City to city of syrup by Kristen Mack Houston Chronicle February 10 2002 2 Star edition Section A Page 37 MetFront John T Edge Fall 2012 Local Fare Savoring Mutt City Oxford American Archived from the original on 2019 06 08 Retrieved 2019 06 08 Sarah Rufca Nov 15 2012 National food critic dubs H Town s restaurant scene bastard cooking sorry that s no compliment Culture Map Houston Ozone City Ozone City Ourage www houstonpunkart wordpress com Screwston The Big Apple www barrypopik com Retrieved September 27 2007 Chopped and Screwed A History MTV Archived from the original on January 11 2008 Retrieved January 22 2008 Publication Website Energy Capital Houston Archived from the original on August 19 2006 Retrieved January 30 2008 Facts and Figures About Houston City of Houston 2007 Retrieved June 27 2007 a b Energy Industry Guide Greater Houston Partnership Archived from the original on December 22 2007 Retrieved January 22 2008 a b Greater Houston Partnership 2005 2015 Strategic Plan Archived 2008 04 11 at the Wayback Machine page 27 Simon Romero September 6 2005 Houston Finds Business Boon After Katrina Business New York Times September 6 2005 Retrieved June 27 2007 External links EditCity of Houston official website Greater Houston Convention amp Visitors Bureau Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nicknames of Houston amp oldid 1098210243, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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