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Nicholas Hobbs

January 01, 1970

Nicholas Hobbs (March 13, 1915 – January 23, 1983) was an American psychologist and a past president of the American Psychological Association (APA).

Nicholas Hobbs
Born(1915-03-13)March 13, 1915
Greenville, South Carolina
DiedJanuary 23, 1983(1983-01-23) (aged 67)
Nashville, Tennessee
EducationThe Citadel
Ohio State University
Known forPast president, American Psychological Association
Scientific career
FieldsPsychology

Biography edit

Hobbs graduated from The Citadel in Charleston, South Carolina in 1936. He then moved to Ohio State University where he studied under Carl Rogers and Sidney Pressey.[1] He received his master's in educational psychology in 1938. During World War II, he served in the Air Force and directed the Aviation Psychology Program, helping to establish the selection process for that branch of the military. He would then return to Ohio State University and receive his PhD in educational psychology in 1946. He served as the director of the clinical psychology program at Teachers College, Columbia University, from 1946 to 1950. At Columbia University, he met Mary Thompson among his graduate students there and they married in 1949. Nicholas became chair of the psychology department at Louisiana State University from 1950 to 1951, then moved to chair the Division of Human Development at George Peabody College for Teachers (then a separate school, now part of Vanderbilt University) where he served until 1965. He resigned from this post in order to take on the role of director of the John F. Kennedy Center for Research on Education and Human Development, now known as the Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, which he and Susan Gray established. In the academic year of 1954–1955, he taught as a visiting professor in the psychology department at Harvard University. From 1956 to 1960 he worked as a visiting lecturer at the Institute of Humanistic Studies of the University of Pennsylvania. He served as provost of Vanderbilt University from 1967 to 1975, after which he helped to found the Vanderbilt Institute for Public Policy Studies, establishing and serving as the first director of that Institute's Center for the Study of Families and Children until retiring in 1980.[1]

Throughout his life, Hobbs also served on a number of regional and national boards. In the early 1950s, he directed the Southern Regional Education Board.[1] His involvement there led to the establishment of the Commission on Mental Health. He chaired the APA committee that created the organization's first code of ethics, introduced in 1953.[2] In the late 1950s, he was the vice-chair of the board of trustees of the Joint Commission on Mental Health and Illness. This enterprise would help to embolden the deinstitutionalization movement and put emphasis on community care for the mentally ill. Based in part on his experience during World War II of helping to establish the selection process for the United States Air Force, he was appointed the first director of selection for the Peace Corps by President John F. Kennedy in 1961.[3]

Also in 1961 Hobbs initiated an 8-year pilot project to address the need for effective and affordable mental health programs for children. Project Re-ED, for the re-education of emotionally disturbed children, was funded by a National Institutes of Health grant involving residential programs at the Cumberland House in Nashville, Tennessee, and the Wright School in Durham, North Carolina. The innovative program emphasized teaching rather than therapy and addressing the child's full environment (family, school, neighborhood) rather than treating the child separately, with the goal of teaching children and their caregivers more effective and constructive ways of addressing and overcoming problem situations.[4] His report of the results was published in his book The Troubled and Troubling Child in 1982, by which time the project included or influenced many more schools across the United States.[5]

Hobbs was the 1966 American Psychological Association president.[6] He would also become the vice president of the Joint Commission on Mental Health of Children that same year. The report the commission presented would lead to the conception of child advocacy and early bills such as an amendment to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act made to include the handicapped, disadvantaged, and mentally ill youth.

In 1972, Edward Zigler, director of the Office of Child Development, and Elliot Richardson, the U.S. Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, organized a major effort to standardize and disseminate appropriate diagnostic procedures for classifying and categorizing children with special needs. This resulted in the Project on Classification of Exceptional Children, which Hobbs directed. The task force sought to balance the concerns of accurately classifying special needs of children in order to better facilitate providing help, with the concerns of such a label stigmatizing a child and limiting subsequent expectations and opportunities. The results of this task force were presented in two publications: Issues in the Classification of Children, a two-volume collection of papers by members of the task force which Hobbs edited, and The Futures of Children authored by Hobbs.[7] Hobbs also served on the National Advisory Mental Health Council, a policy board that advises the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the director of the National Institutes of Health, and the director of the National Institute of Mental Health.

He received the two APA Awards in 1980; one for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Institutional Practice, another for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Psychology in Public Interest.[8]

The Nicholas Hobbs Society at the Vanderbilt Kennedy Center raises money for research into developmental disabilities.[9] APA Division 37 awards the Nicholas Hobbs Award for child policy and advocacy.[10]

Publications edit

Selected list of books and articles by Nicholas Hobbs:

  • Hobbs, N (1948). "The Development of a Code of Ethical Standards for Psychology". American Psychologist. 3 (3): 80–84. doi:10.1037/h0060281.
  • Hobbs, N. (1951). Group-Centered Psychotherapy. In C. R. Rogers (Ed.), Client-Centered Therapy: Its Current Practice, Implications, and Theory. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co.
  • Hobbs, N. (1955). Client-Centered Psychotherapy. In J. L. McCary (Ed.), Six Approaches to Psychotherapy. New York, NY: Dryden Press.
  • Hobbs, N (1959). "Science and Ethical Behavior". American Psychologist. 14 (5): 217–225. doi:10.1037/h0046389.
  • Hobbs, N. (1960). Motivation to High Achievement. In B. Schertzer (Ed.), Working with Superior Students: Theories and Practices (pp. 247–264). Chicago, IL: Science Research Associates.
  • Hobbs, N (1963). "A Psychologist in the Peace Corps". American Psychologist. 18 (1): 47–55. doi:10.1037/h0048304.
  • Hobbs, N (1964). "Mental Health's Third Revolution". American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 34 (5): 822–833. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1964.tb02237.x. PMID 14220511.
  • Hobbs, N. (1965). How the Re-ED Plan Developed. In N. Long, J., W. C. Morse & R. G. Newman (Eds.), Conflict in the Classroom: The Education of Emotionally Disturbed Children (pp. 286–294). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co.
  • Hobbs, N (1966). "Helping Disturbed Children: Psychological and Ecological Strategies". American Psychologist. 21 (12): 1105–1115. doi:10.1037/h0021115. PMID 5980699.
  • Hobbs, N (1973). "The Project on Classification of Exceptional Children". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1 (1): 121–124. doi:10.1007/BF00917893. PMID 24198134. S2CID 23013204.
  • Hobbs, N. (1975). The Futures of Children. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
  • Hobbs, N. (1982). The Troubled and Troubling Child. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
  • Hobbs, N.; Robinson, S. (1982). "Adolescent Development and Public Policy". American Psychologist. 37 (2): 212–223. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.212. PMID 7091865.
  • Hobbs, N. (1984). Strengthening Families. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Hobbs, N., & Perrin, J. M. (1985). Issues in the Care of Children with Chronic Illness. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Smith, M. B. (1985). "Nicholas Hobbs (1915–1983)". American Psychologist. 40 (4): 463–465. doi:10.1037/h0092198. ProQuest 614511801.
  2. ^ "The first code". Monitor on Psychology. 34 (1): 63. January 2003. Retrieved November 15, 2014.
  3. ^ Peace Corps (1962). 1st Annual Report (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Peace Corps. p. 9. Retrieved April 27, 2015.
  4. ^ Warren, S. (2007). Project Re-ED. In C Reynolds et al. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Special Education: A Reference for the Education of Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Disabilities and Other Exceptional Individuals. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Press.[page needed]
  5. ^ Lewis, Wilbert W.; Lewis, Beverly L. (1989). "The Psychoeducational Model: Cumberland House after 25 Years". In Gabel, Stewart; Lyman, Robert D.; Prentice-Dunn, S. (eds.). Residential and Inpatient Treatment of Children and Adolescents. New York: Plenum Press. pp. 97–112. ISBN 9781489909275.
  6. ^ Thomas Fagan; Paul G. Warden (January 1, 1996). Historical Encyclopedia of School Psychology. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-313-29015-2.
  7. ^ Burke, P. and Ruedel, K. (2008). "Disability Classification, Categorization in Education." In L. Florian and M. McLaughlin (Eds.), Disability Classification in Education: Issues and Perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, p. 68-77.
  8. ^ "Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Institutional Practice". American Psychological Association. Retrieved November 15, 2014.
  9. ^ "The Nicholas Hobbs Society". Vanderbilt Kennedy Center. Retrieved November 15, 2014.
  10. ^ Anne McDonald Culp (25 June 2013). Child and Family Advocacy: Bridging the Gaps Between Research, Practice, and Policy. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 282. ISBN 978-1-4614-7456-2.

January 01, 1970
nicholas, hobbs, march, 1915, january, 1983, american, psychologist, past, president, american, psychological, association, born, 1915, march, 1915greenville, south, carolinadiedjanuary, 1983, 1983, aged, nashville, tennesseeeducationthe, citadelohio, state, u. Nicholas Hobbs March 13 1915 January 23 1983 was an American psychologist and a past president of the American Psychological Association APA Nicholas HobbsBorn 1915 03 13 March 13 1915Greenville South CarolinaDiedJanuary 23 1983 1983 01 23 aged 67 Nashville TennesseeEducationThe CitadelOhio State UniversityKnown forPast president American Psychological AssociationScientific careerFieldsPsychologyBiography editHobbs graduated from The Citadel in Charleston South Carolina in 1936 He then moved to Ohio State University where he studied under Carl Rogers and Sidney Pressey 1 He received his master s in educational psychology in 1938 During World War II he served in the Air Force and directed the Aviation Psychology Program helping to establish the selection process for that branch of the military He would then return to Ohio State University and receive his PhD in educational psychology in 1946 He served as the director of the clinical psychology program at Teachers College Columbia University from 1946 to 1950 At Columbia University he met Mary Thompson among his graduate students there and they married in 1949 Nicholas became chair of the psychology department at Louisiana State University from 1950 to 1951 then moved to chair the Division of Human Development at George Peabody College for Teachers then a separate school now part of Vanderbilt University where he served until 1965 He resigned from this post in order to take on the role of director of the John F Kennedy Center for Research on Education and Human Development now known as the Vanderbilt Kennedy Center which he and Susan Gray established In the academic year of 1954 1955 he taught as a visiting professor in the psychology department at Harvard University From 1956 to 1960 he worked as a visiting lecturer at the Institute of Humanistic Studies of the University of Pennsylvania He served as provost of Vanderbilt University from 1967 to 1975 after which he helped to found the Vanderbilt Institute for Public Policy Studies establishing and serving as the first director of that Institute s Center for the Study of Families and Children until retiring in 1980 1 Throughout his life Hobbs also served on a number of regional and national boards In the early 1950s he directed the Southern Regional Education Board 1 His involvement there led to the establishment of the Commission on Mental Health He chaired the APA committee that created the organization s first code of ethics introduced in 1953 2 In the late 1950s he was the vice chair of the board of trustees of the Joint Commission on Mental Health and Illness This enterprise would help to embolden the deinstitutionalization movement and put emphasis on community care for the mentally ill Based in part on his experience during World War II of helping to establish the selection process for the United States Air Force he was appointed the first director of selection for the Peace Corps by President John F Kennedy in 1961 3 Also in 1961 Hobbs initiated an 8 year pilot project to address the need for effective and affordable mental health programs for children Project Re ED for the re education of emotionally disturbed children was funded by a National Institutes of Health grant involving residential programs at the Cumberland House in Nashville Tennessee and the Wright School in Durham North Carolina The innovative program emphasized teaching rather than therapy and addressing the child s full environment family school neighborhood rather than treating the child separately with the goal of teaching children and their caregivers more effective and constructive ways of addressing and overcoming problem situations 4 His report of the results was published in his book The Troubled and Troubling Child in 1982 by which time the project included or influenced many more schools across the United States 5 Hobbs was the 1966 American Psychological Association president 6 He would also become the vice president of the Joint Commission on Mental Health of Children that same year The report the commission presented would lead to the conception of child advocacy and early bills such as an amendment to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act made to include the handicapped disadvantaged and mentally ill youth In 1972 Edward Zigler director of the Office of Child Development and Elliot Richardson the U S Secretary of Health Education and Welfare organized a major effort to standardize and disseminate appropriate diagnostic procedures for classifying and categorizing children with special needs This resulted in the Project on Classification of Exceptional Children which Hobbs directed The task force sought to balance the concerns of accurately classifying special needs of children in order to better facilitate providing help with the concerns of such a label stigmatizing a child and limiting subsequent expectations and opportunities The results of this task force were presented in two publications Issues in the Classification of Children a two volume collection of papers by members of the task force which Hobbs edited and The Futures of Children authored by Hobbs 7 Hobbs also served on the National Advisory Mental Health Council a policy board that advises the Secretary of Health and Human Services the director of the National Institutes of Health and the director of the National Institute of Mental Health He received the two APA Awards in 1980 one for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Institutional Practice another for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Psychology in Public Interest 8 The Nicholas Hobbs Society at the Vanderbilt Kennedy Center raises money for research into developmental disabilities 9 APA Division 37 awards the Nicholas Hobbs Award for child policy and advocacy 10 Publications editSelected list of books and articles by Nicholas Hobbs Hobbs N 1948 The Development of a Code of Ethical Standards for Psychology American Psychologist 3 3 80 84 doi 10 1037 h0060281 Hobbs N 1951 Group Centered Psychotherapy In C R Rogers Ed Client Centered Therapy Its Current Practice Implications and Theory Boston MA Houghton Mifflin Co Hobbs N 1955 Client Centered Psychotherapy In J L McCary Ed Six Approaches to Psychotherapy New York NY Dryden Press Hobbs N 1959 Science and Ethical Behavior American Psychologist 14 5 217 225 doi 10 1037 h0046389 Hobbs N 1960 Motivation to High Achievement In B Schertzer Ed Working with Superior Students Theories and Practices pp 247 264 Chicago IL Science Research Associates Hobbs N 1963 A Psychologist in the Peace Corps American Psychologist 18 1 47 55 doi 10 1037 h0048304 Hobbs N 1964 Mental Health s Third Revolution American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 34 5 822 833 doi 10 1111 j 1939 0025 1964 tb02237 x PMID 14220511 Hobbs N 1965 How the Re ED Plan Developed In N Long J W C Morse amp R G Newman Eds Conflict in the Classroom The Education of Emotionally Disturbed Children pp 286 294 Belmont CA Wadsworth Publishing Co Hobbs N 1966 Helping Disturbed Children Psychological and Ecological Strategies American Psychologist 21 12 1105 1115 doi 10 1037 h0021115 PMID 5980699 Hobbs N 1973 The Project on Classification of Exceptional Children Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 1 1 121 124 doi 10 1007 BF00917893 PMID 24198134 S2CID 23013204 Hobbs N 1975 The Futures of Children San Francisco CA Jossey Bass Publishers Hobbs N 1982 The Troubled and Troubling Child San Francisco CA Jossey Bass Publishers Hobbs N Robinson S 1982 Adolescent Development and Public Policy American Psychologist 37 2 212 223 doi 10 1037 0003 066X 37 2 212 PMID 7091865 Hobbs N 1984 Strengthening Families San Francisco Jossey Bass Hobbs N amp Perrin J M 1985 Issues in the Care of Children with Chronic Illness San Francisco CA Jossey Bass Publishers References edit a b c Smith M B 1985 Nicholas Hobbs 1915 1983 American Psychologist 40 4 463 465 doi 10 1037 h0092198 ProQuest 614511801 The first code Monitor on Psychology 34 1 63 January 2003 Retrieved November 15 2014 Peace Corps 1962 1st Annual Report PDF Washington D C Peace Corps p 9 Retrieved April 27 2015 Warren S 2007 Project Re ED In C Reynolds et al Eds Encyclopedia of Special Education A Reference for the Education of Children Adolescents and Adults with Disabilities and Other Exceptional Individuals Hoboken NJ Wiley Press page needed Lewis Wilbert W Lewis Beverly L 1989 The Psychoeducational Model Cumberland House after 25 Years In Gabel Stewart Lyman Robert D Prentice Dunn S eds Residential and Inpatient Treatment of Children and Adolescents New York Plenum Press pp 97 112 ISBN 9781489909275 Thomas Fagan Paul G Warden January 1 1996 Historical Encyclopedia of School Psychology Greenwood Publishing Group p 152 ISBN 978 0 313 29015 2 Burke P and Ruedel K 2008 Disability Classification Categorization in Education In L Florian and M McLaughlin Eds Disability Classification in Education Issues and Perspectives Thousand Oaks CA Corwin Press p 68 77 Award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Institutional Practice American Psychological Association Retrieved November 15 2014 The Nicholas Hobbs Society Vanderbilt Kennedy Center Retrieved November 15 2014 Anne McDonald Culp 25 June 2013 Child and Family Advocacy Bridging the Gaps Between Research Practice and Policy Springer Science amp Business Media p 282 ISBN 978 1 4614 7456 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nicholas Hobbs amp oldid 1194409073, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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