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Neue Rechte

April 10, 2024

Neue Rechte (English: New Right) is the designation for a right-wing political movement in Germany. It was founded as an opposition to the New Left generation of the 1960s. Its intellectually oriented proponents distance themselves from Old Right Nazi traditions and emphasize similarities between the far-right and the conservative spectrum.

A common denominator of the Neue Rechte is a skeptical or negative stance towards the basic tenets of the German constitution, often in the sense of an ethnic (völkisch) nationalism.

History edit

When the far-right National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) was founded in 1964, its younger members began to call themselves Junge Rechte; this was in order to differ from Nazi models and to counter the German student movement. Contrary to their hopes, the NPD failed to enter the Bundestag parliament in the 1969 federal elections, whereafter they initiated a far-right renewal movement. In 1972, Henning Eichberg drafted the policy declaration of the Aktion Neue Rechte offshoot, conveying ideas of an 'anti-imperialistic liberation nationalism', which included the expulsion of the Allied 'occupying forces' to pave the way for German unification and national rebirth.

From 1974, the movement disintegrated into numerous splinter groups, some defending the traditional ideas of a German Volksgemeinschaft, some affiliating to the rising ecology movement. Eichberg and his followers continued to fight an 'over-foreignization' (Überfremdung) by the superpowers and advocated a Third Position in opposition to both capitalism and communism. They made attempts to build up ties to left-wing sectarian and ecological groups, as well as to the German peace movement.

In around 1980, a new tendency arose to approach the ideas of the French Nouvelle Droite and its founder Alain de Benoist. The adherents stressed the perspective of a pan-European 'cultural struggle'; their concepts were embodied by the foundation of the Thule-Seminar as the German branch of the French Groupement de recherche et d'études pour la civilisation européenne (GRECE). In the late 1980s, proponents of a national revolutionary movement attempted to infiltrate right-wing populist parties like The Republicans, while other associated with the national liberal spectrum.

The movement gained a new momentum in the course of German reunification. The rise of right-wing parties as The Republicans led by Franz Schönhuber, the Pro Movement, and the Alternative for Germany (AfD) is a matter of ongoing debate among German political scientists. They draw parallels to the success of European parties such as the Italian Alleanza Nazionale and the Lega Nord, the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), the French Front National, the Swiss People's Party (SVP) or the Belgian Vlaams Belang as well as to the US Tea Party movement. The programmatic statements of 'New Right' parties span from neoliberal to far-right elements and thereby have become compatible to conservative and liberal circles.

Ideology edit

Historically, the Neue Rechte is linked to the positions of right-wing ideologues in the Weimar Republic, later summarized under the heading 'Conservative Revolution' by writers like Armin Mohler. These forces included such people as Arthur Moeller van den Bruck (Das Dritte Reich), Carl Schmitt, Edgar Julius Jung, Ernst Jünger, Oswald Spengler (The Decline of the West) and Ernst von Salomon. During the interwar period, they openly rejected Marxism as well as liberalism and the parliamentary system in favour of an authoritarian regime and a German Sonderweg. Their views towards rising Nazism remained ambivalent, nevertheless they contributed to the fierce political infighting that preceded the Nazi seizure of power in 1933.

Several members of the Neue Rechte also refer to theorists like Georges Sorel, Vilfredo Pareto, Robert Michels, Julius Evola, and José Antonio Primo de Rivera seen as fascist pioneers. Some even base themselves on Marxist philosophers like Antonio Gramsci and his ideas of cultural hegemony.

Textually, the Neue Rechte challenges the principles of the Enlightenment, such as pluralism and social equality underlying the doctrine of human rights. Racist elements are superseded by the concept of ethnopluralism, combining both neoconservative and far-right approaches. Ideologists disparage the ideals of the 1968 protests and feminism, they refuse to accept a multicultural society and seek for a strengthened 'national identity'. Therefore, they tend to historical revisionism and to battle against what they call a German 'cult of guilt' with regard to The Holocaust. According to Roger Griffin, the Neue Rechte share the deep cultural pessimism of their precursors in the interwar period. Referring to a völkisch nationalism, the movement seeks refuge not in the restoration of traditional values, but in a 'national rebirth' according to palingenetic concepts.[1]

They parallel the French Nouvelle Droite as a political movement, somewhat similar in their general political stance including the Anti-American sentiment advocated by Alain de Benoist. However, the Nouvelle Droite's neo-pagan leanings are the opposite to the Christian foundation of many Neue Rechte members, though the movement also comprises occult groups.

So far, the Neue Rechte movement has not achieved an integrated opposite position to Western liberalism: while a main neoconservative tendency strongly refers to pre-war traditions and even affect centre-right parties, a second wing openly uses terms like "revolution" or "socialism" in political disputes, based on the model of Ernst Niekisch and Strasserist concepts. They have made attempts to build up a Querfront strategy with originally 'left' anti-imperialist and anti-capitalist circles.

Networks edit

Well-known scholars and influential figures of the Neue Rechte beside Henning Eichberg and Armin Mohler include Gerd-Klaus Kaltenbrunner [de], Hans-Dietrich Sander [de], Robert Hepp [de], Caspar von Schrenck-Notzing, Karlheinz Weissmann and Götz Kubitschek.

The medium commonly associated with the Neue Rechte is the weekly newspaper Junge Freiheit founded in 1986. However, its chief editor Dieter Stein, a former member of The Republicans, denounces the term and instead advocates a more traditionally Christian, yet decidedly nationalist and democratic conservatism. Yet the term is frequently used as a self-description by the bi-monthly magazine Sezession, which is closely linked to Junge Freiheit. Other periodicals affiliated with the Neue Rechte are Nation und Europa (discontinued in 2009) and its Zuerst! successor. The Studienzentrum Weikersheim founded by the CDU politician Hans Filbinger considers itself a Christian-conservative think tank.

The Bibliothek des Konservatismus (BdK) is another connecting element in the network of the far-right in central Europe. Opened in 2012 and located in Fasanenstraße in Berlin-Charlottenburg the main focus of the library is conservative and far-right literature. It is the first library with this content in Germany and was founded by Caspar von Schrenck-Notzing and his foundation Förderstiftung Konservative Bildung und Forschung [de] (FKBF). FKBF is running the library. There are 27.000 medias (2014) in the library.

References edit

  1. ^ "Der umstrittene Begriff des Faschismus". Interview in: DISS-Journal 13, 2004, p. 13 (in German).

Further reading edit

  • Minkenberg, Michael (2000). "The Renewal of the Radical Right: Between Modernity and Anti-modernity". Government and Opposition. 35 (2): 170–188. doi:10.1111/1477-7053.00022. S2CID 144136434.
  • Minkenberg, Michael, Die Neue Radikale Rechte im Vergleich: USA, Frankreich, Deutschland, Opladen: Westdt. Verl. 1998, 411 S., ISBN 3-531-13227-X
  • Jay Julian Rosellini, The German New Right: AfD, PEGIDA, and the Re-imagining of German Identity (London: Hurst Publishers, 2019).
  • Woods, Roger (2005). "Affirmative Past Versus Cultural Pessimism: The New Right Since German Unification". German Life and Letters. 58 (1): 93–107. doi:10.1111/j.0016-8777.2005.00306.x.
  • Roger Woods, Germany's New Right as Culture and Politics (Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007).

External links edit

  • Introduction to the history of German Neue Rechte

April 10, 2024
neue, rechte, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, february, 201. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Neue Rechte news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Neue Rechte English New Right is the designation for a right wing political movement in Germany It was founded as an opposition to the New Left generation of the 1960s Its intellectually oriented proponents distance themselves from Old Right Nazi traditions and emphasize similarities between the far right and the conservative spectrum A common denominator of the Neue Rechte is a skeptical or negative stance towards the basic tenets of the German constitution often in the sense of an ethnic volkisch nationalism Contents 1 History 2 Ideology 3 Networks 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksHistory editWhen the far right National Democratic Party of Germany NPD was founded in 1964 its younger members began to call themselves Junge Rechte this was in order to differ from Nazi models and to counter the German student movement Contrary to their hopes the NPD failed to enter the Bundestag parliament in the 1969 federal elections whereafter they initiated a far right renewal movement In 1972 Henning Eichberg drafted the policy declaration of the Aktion Neue Rechte offshoot conveying ideas of an anti imperialistic liberation nationalism which included the expulsion of the Allied occupying forces to pave the way for German unification and national rebirth From 1974 the movement disintegrated into numerous splinter groups some defending the traditional ideas of a German Volksgemeinschaft some affiliating to the rising ecology movement Eichberg and his followers continued to fight an over foreignization Uberfremdung by the superpowers and advocated a Third Position in opposition to both capitalism and communism They made attempts to build up ties to left wing sectarian and ecological groups as well as to the German peace movement In around 1980 a new tendency arose to approach the ideas of the French Nouvelle Droite and its founder Alain de Benoist The adherents stressed the perspective of a pan European cultural struggle their concepts were embodied by the foundation of the Thule Seminar as the German branch of the French Groupement de recherche et d etudes pour la civilisation europeenne GRECE In the late 1980s proponents of a national revolutionary movement attempted to infiltrate right wing populist parties like The Republicans while other associated with the national liberal spectrum The movement gained a new momentum in the course of German reunification The rise of right wing parties as The Republicans led by Franz Schonhuber the Pro Movement and the Alternative for Germany AfD is a matter of ongoing debate among German political scientists They draw parallels to the success of European parties such as the Italian Alleanza Nazionale and the Lega Nord the Freedom Party of Austria FPO the French Front National the Swiss People s Party SVP or the Belgian Vlaams Belang as well as to the US Tea Party movement The programmatic statements of New Right parties span from neoliberal to far right elements and thereby have become compatible to conservative and liberal circles Ideology editHistorically the Neue Rechte is linked to the positions of right wing ideologues in the Weimar Republic later summarized under the heading Conservative Revolution by writers like Armin Mohler These forces included such people as Arthur Moeller van den Bruck Das Dritte Reich Carl Schmitt Edgar Julius Jung Ernst Junger Oswald Spengler The Decline of the West and Ernst von Salomon During the interwar period they openly rejected Marxism as well as liberalism and the parliamentary system in favour of an authoritarian regime and a German Sonderweg Their views towards rising Nazism remained ambivalent nevertheless they contributed to the fierce political infighting that preceded the Nazi seizure of power in 1933 Several members of the Neue Rechte also refer to theorists like Georges Sorel Vilfredo Pareto Robert Michels Julius Evola and Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera seen as fascist pioneers Some even base themselves on Marxist philosophers like Antonio Gramsci and his ideas of cultural hegemony Textually the Neue Rechte challenges the principles of the Enlightenment such as pluralism and social equality underlying the doctrine of human rights Racist elements are superseded by the concept of ethnopluralism combining both neoconservative and far right approaches Ideologists disparage the ideals of the 1968 protests and feminism they refuse to accept a multicultural society and seek for a strengthened national identity Therefore they tend to historical revisionism and to battle against what they call a German cult of guilt with regard to The Holocaust According to Roger Griffin the Neue Rechte share the deep cultural pessimism of their precursors in the interwar period Referring to a volkisch nationalism the movement seeks refuge not in the restoration of traditional values but in a national rebirth according to palingenetic concepts 1 They parallel the French Nouvelle Droite as a political movement somewhat similar in their general political stance including the Anti American sentiment advocated by Alain de Benoist However the Nouvelle Droite s neo pagan leanings are the opposite to the Christian foundation of many Neue Rechte members though the movement also comprises occult groups So far the Neue Rechte movement has not achieved an integrated opposite position to Western liberalism while a main neoconservative tendency strongly refers to pre war traditions and even affect centre right parties a second wing openly uses terms like revolution or socialism in political disputes based on the model of Ernst Niekisch and Strasserist concepts They have made attempts to build up a Querfront strategy with originally left anti imperialist and anti capitalist circles Networks editWell known scholars and influential figures of the Neue Rechte beside Henning Eichberg and Armin Mohler include Gerd Klaus Kaltenbrunner de Hans Dietrich Sander de Robert Hepp de Caspar von Schrenck Notzing Karlheinz Weissmann and Gotz Kubitschek The medium commonly associated with the Neue Rechte is the weekly newspaper Junge Freiheit founded in 1986 However its chief editor Dieter Stein a former member of The Republicans denounces the term and instead advocates a more traditionally Christian yet decidedly nationalist and democratic conservatism Yet the term is frequently used as a self description by the bi monthly magazine Sezession which is closely linked to Junge Freiheit Other periodicals affiliated with the Neue Rechte are Nation und Europa discontinued in 2009 and its Zuerst successor The Studienzentrum Weikersheim founded by the CDU politician Hans Filbinger considers itself a Christian conservative think tank The Bibliothek des Konservatismus BdK is another connecting element in the network of the far right in central Europe Opened in 2012 and located in Fasanenstrasse in Berlin Charlottenburg the main focus of the library is conservative and far right literature It is the first library with this content in Germany and was founded by Caspar von Schrenck Notzing and his foundation Forderstiftung Konservative Bildung und Forschung de FKBF FKBF is running the library There are 27 000 medias 2014 in the library References edit Der umstrittene Begriff des Faschismus Interview in DISS Journal 13 2004 p 13 in German Further reading editMinkenberg Michael 2000 The Renewal of the Radical Right Between Modernity and Anti modernity Government and Opposition 35 2 170 188 doi 10 1111 1477 7053 00022 S2CID 144136434 Minkenberg Michael Die Neue Radikale Rechte im Vergleich USA Frankreich Deutschland Opladen Westdt Verl 1998 411 S ISBN 3 531 13227 X Jay Julian Rosellini The German New Right AfD PEGIDA and the Re imagining of German Identity London Hurst Publishers 2019 Woods Roger 2005 Affirmative Past Versus Cultural Pessimism The New Right Since German Unification German Life and Letters 58 1 93 107 doi 10 1111 j 0016 8777 2005 00306 x Roger Woods Germany s New Right as Culture and Politics Basingstoke and New York Palgrave Macmillan 2007 External links editIntroduction to the history of German Neue Rechte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Neue Rechte amp oldid 1197334339, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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