National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences

The National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences is a medical institution in Bangalore, India.^[7] NIMHANS is the apex centre for mental health and neuroscience education in the country. It is an Institute of National Importance operates autonomously under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.^[8] NIMHANS is ranked 4th best medical institute in India, in the current National Institutional Ranking Framework.^[9]

National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences

Official insignia of the institute^[1]
Motto	समत्वं योग उच्यते (Sanskrit)
Type	Public medical school
Established	1847 as Lunatic Asylum^[2] 1925 as Mental Hospital, 27 December 1974 as NIMHANS
Endowment	₹500.44 crore (US$63 million)(2021-22 est.)^[3]
Director	Pratima Murthy^[4]
Academic staff	249 ^[5]
Students	553 ^[5]
Postgraduates	269 ^[5]
Doctoral students	284 ^[5]
Location	Bangalore , Karnataka , India 12°56′22.4″N 77°35′55.7″E / 12.939556°N 77.598806°E / 12.939556; 77.598806Coordinates: 12°56′22.4″N 77°35′55.7″E / 12.939556°N 77.598806°E / 12.939556; 77.598806
Campus	174 acres (700,000 m^2) Urban^[6]^[note 1]
Mascot	White Swan
Website	nimhans.ac.in

History

The history of the institute dates back to 1847, when the Bangalore Lunatic Asylum was founded. In 1925, the Government of Mysore rechristened the asylum as the Mental Hospital. The Mysore Government Mental Hospital became the first institute in India for postgraduate training in psychiatry.^[2]

The National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) was the result of the amalgamation of the erstwhile State Mental Hospital and the All India Institute of Mental Health (AIIMH) established by the Government of India in 1954. The institute was inaugurated on 27 December 1974, establishing it as an autonomous body under the Societies Registration Act to lead in the area of medical service and research in the country.

On 14 November 1994, NIMHANS was conferred a deemed university status by the University Grants Commission with academic autonomy. The institute has been declared as an Institute of National Importance by an act of parliament in 2012.^[10] In March 2017, the Government of India passed the Mental Healthcare Bill 2016, which also proposes to set up NIMHANS-like institutions across the nation.^[11][12][13]

Campus

NIMHANS has five campuses in the city, spread over an area of 174 acres of urban establishments, which includes 30 acres of an under-construction Bangalore North campus.^[14][15][16] The main campuses of the institute are located in Byrasandra (hospital wing) and Lakkasandra (academic and administrative wing) localities on either side of the Hosur Road.^[17] The 'Community Mental Health Center' is located in the Sakalawara area on Bannerghatta Road.^[18] The 'NIMHANS Centre for Well Being' is situated in a residential area in BTM Layout.^[19] A state-of-the-art convention centre located in the main campus frequently hosts international conferences, seminars, trade shows, expositions, and media events.^[20][21]

NIMHANS campus

•  

  Department of Psychiatry

•  

  Neurobiology Research Centre

•  

  MV Govindaswamy Centre

•  

  NIMHANS Convention Centre

•  

  Rehabilitation Centre Park

•  

  NIMHANS Central Garden

•  

  NIMHANS Men's Hostel

•  

  Byrasandra and Lakkasandra campuses underpass

Organization and administration

Governance

Directors of the AIIMH/NIMHANS^[22]

M V Govindaswamy (1954–59) D L N Murti Rao (1960–62) B D Punekar (1963) Keki Masani (1963–64) N C Surya (1965–68) K Bhaskaran (1969) R Martanda Varma (1969–77) K S Mani (1977–78) R Martanda Varma (1978–79) G N Narayana Reddy (1979–89) S M Channabasavanna (1989–97) M Gourie-Devi (1997–2002) D Nagaraja (2002–10) S K Shankar (2010) P Satish Chandra (2010–15) N Pradhan (2015) G S Umamaheswara Rao (2015) B N Gangadhar (2016–2020) G Gururaj (2020–2021) Satish Chandra Girimaji (2021) Pratima Murthy (2021–present)

 

NIMHANS Byrasandra campus

 

NIMHANS Lakkasandra campus

 

Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the 19th convocation of the institute

The National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences is a multidisciplinary institute for patient care and academic pursuit in the frontier area of mental health and neurosciences. The priority gradient adopted at the institute is service, manpower development and research. A multidisciplinary integrated approach is the mainstay of this institute, paving the way to translate the results from the bench to the bedside. Several national and international funding organizations provide resources for academic and research activities.

Departments

• Biophysics
• Biostatistics
• Basic Neurosciences
• Human Genetics
• Neurochemistry
• Neuromicrobiology
• Neuropathology
• Neurophysiology
• Neurovirology
• Mental Health Education^[23]
• Clinical Psychology
• Child and adolescent psychiatry
• Psychiatric Social Work
• Psychiatry
• Nursing
• Clinical Neuroscience
• Neurosurgery
• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology
• Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology
• Neurology
• Epidemiology
• Neurological Rehabilitation
• Neuroanaesthesia and Neurocritical care
• Psychiatric rehabilitation
• Speech Pathology and Audiology
• Transfusion Medicine and Haematology

Central Facilities

• Advanced Centre for Ayurveda in Mental Health and Neurosciences^[24]
• Central Animal Research Facility
• Sakalwara Community Mental Health Centre^[23]
• Centre for Public Health
• Centre for Addiction Medicine
• Biomedical Engineering
• Engineering Section
• Library and Information Centre
• Magneto-encephalography Centre
• PET MRI Centre
• Neurobiology Research Centre
• NIMHANS Centre for Well Being
• Virtual Learning Centre
• Center for Molecular Imaging
• Centre for Brain Mapping
• Gamma Knife Centre
• NIMHANS Health Centre
• NIMHANS Integrated Centre for Yoga^[25]
• NIMHANS Gymkhana
• Nutrition and Dietetics Centre
• Physiotherapy Centre
• NIMHANS Digital Academy^[26]
• NIMHANS Convention Centre
• NIMHANS Gymkhana
• WHO Collaborating Centre for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion^[27]

Academics

Academic programs

Doctor of Philosophy

(a) Institute Fellowship

• Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology
• Ph.D. in Neurophysiology
• Ph.D. in Psychiatric Social Work
• Ph.D. in Speech Pathology & Audiology
• Ph.D. in Biostatistics
• Ph.D. in Clinical Neurosciences (ICMR Fellowship)

(b) External Fellowship

• Ph.D. in Biophysics
• Ph.D. in Biostatistics
• Ph.D. in Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
• Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology
• Ph.D. in Human Genetics
• Ph.D. in Neurochemistry
• Ph.D. in Neuroimaging & Interventional Radiology
• Ph.D. in Neurological Rehabilitation
• Ph.D. in Neurology
• Ph.D. in Neuroimaging & Interventional Radiology
• Ph.D. in Neuromicrobiology
• Ph.D. in Neuropathology
• Ph.D. in Neurophysiology
• Ph.D. in Neurovirology
• Ph.D. in Nursing
• Ph.D. in Psychiatric Social Work
• Ph.D. in Mental Health Rehabilitation
• Ph.D. in Psychiatry
• Ph.D. in History of Psychiatry
• Ph.D. in Clinical Psychopharmacology & Neurotoxicolog
• Ph.D. in Speech Pathology & Audiology

Super Speciality Medicine Courses

• DM in Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology
• DM in Neurology (Post MBBS)
• DM in Neurology (Post MD/DNB)
• DM in Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
• DM in Addiction Psychiatry
• DM in Forensic Psychiatry
• DM in Geriatric Psychiatry
• DM in Neuroanaesthesia & Neurocritical Care
• DM in Neuropathology
• M.Ch. in Neurosurgery (Post MBBS)
• M.Ch. in Neurosurgery (Post MS/DNB)

Post-graduate Degree/Fellowship

• MD in Psychiatry
• Fellowship in Psychosocial Support in Disaster Management
• Fellowship in Geriatric Mental Health Care
• Fellowship in Mental Health Education
• Fellowship in Geriatric Mental Health Nursing
• Fellowship in Psychiatric Rehabilitation
• Fellowship in Psychosocial Care for elderly
• M.Phil. in Biophysics
• M.Phil. in Clinical Psychology
• M.Phil. in Neurophysiology
• M.Phil. in Neurosciences
• M.Phil. in Psychiatric Social work
• Masters in Public Health
• M.Sc. in Psychiatric Nursing
• M.Sc. in Biostatistics

Post-doctoral Fellowship

• Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
• Neuroanaesthesia
• Neurocritical Care
• Neuroinfection
• Hospital Infection Control
• Epilepsy
• Movement Disorders
• Neuromuscular Disorder
• Stroke
• Neuropathology
• Paediatric Neurology
• Transfusion Medicine
• Neurological Rehabilitation
• Acute Care & Emergency Psychiatry
• Community Mental Health
• Addiction Medicine
• Forensic Psychiatry
• Consultation Liaison Psychiatry
• Geriatric Psychiatry
• Obsessive Compulsive disorder & related disorders
• Clinical Neurosciences & Therapeutics in Schizophrenia
• Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation of Psychiatric disorders
• Cognitive Neurosciences
• Women's Mental Health

Rankings

University rankings
Medical – India
NIRF (2022)^[28]	4

The National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences has been ranked 4th among medical institution in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework medical ranking for 2022.^[28]

Mental Health Outreach

NIMHANS experts criticized a report on mental health in India published by the World Health Organization. The head of the psychiatry department, S K Chaturvedi, said that the figures by the WHO were highly inflated. Where, in the report, it alleges that 36% of Indians suffer from depression, the highest among all the countries, the NIMHANS faculty state that the incidence of depression is much lower due to a stronger social support system and family structure.^[29] However, the lifetime prevalence of depression in India measured by the study was only 9%, and the figure of 36% was a different metric that was mistakenly reported.^[30] In May 2015, the faculty association of the institute lodged criticism against the 'Juvenile Justice Bill' which was tabled in parliament.^[31] Preeti Jacob, from the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, was quoted as saying "Juveniles are less culpable and are much more amenable to rehabilitative efforts and thus should not be transferred to the adult criminal justice system. The assessments that are being proposed in the bill in order to ascertain the mental capacity to commit an offence are arbitrary and unscientific."^[32][33]

In December 2014, it was reported that a soldier from the Indian Navy was being held in NIMHANS for a month to evaluate whether he was suffering from mental illness, after acting as a whistleblower. After the month-long evaluation, it was concluded that the Navy person was not suffering from any mental illness.^[34][35] In July 2013, TOI reported that NIMHANS was collaborating with the Central Bureau of Investigation to train its staff with interrogation techniques.^[36] In 2012, the central government approached NIMHANS to suppress anti-nuclear protests in regard to building the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant. The government asked NIMHANS to dispatch psychiatrists to Kudankulam to counsel protesters. To fulfil the plan, NIMHANS developed a team of six members, all of them from the Department of Social Psychiatry. The psychiatrists were sent to get a "peek into the protesters' minds" and help them learn the importance of the plant.^[37][38]

In 2008, a reality show contestant, Shinjini Sen, after getting reprimanded by the TV show judges, temporarily lost her voice, and physical mobility. It was alleged by the media that the television show judges' behaviour caused such disability. To resolve her case, she was flown from Kolkata to Bangalore's NIMHANS to be treated for a neurobiological condition.^[39][40][41] Professor B N Gangadhar, the then medical superintendent, told the press, "We can say at this juncture that she could be suffering from depression. Depression does not lead to permanent loss of speech or physical disability. We are diagnosing why that has happened. There could be complex neurological factors leading to such conditions."^[40]

Controversies

In February 2014, NIMHANS approached the Karnataka Film Chamber of Commerce to complain about a film to be released with the same name. Although initially, the institution was able to block the release of the film if it was named as such, subsequently, the film-maker was able to launch his film without renaming it, once the Censor Board and KFCC approved the name in its second round.^[42]

Notable people

NIMHANS has a strong alumni network of medical scientists and doctors, taking over many prestigious positions across the world. Some of the prominent people associated with the institute include clinical psychologists H. Narayan Murthy,^[43] Radhika Chandiramani,^[44] Satwant Pasricha,^[45] Elayidath Muhammad,^[46] philosophers and yoga therapists S. K. Ramachandra Rao^[47] H. R. Nagendra,^[48] psychiatrists M. Sarada Menon,^[49] Shekhar Seshadri,^[50] Jaswant Singh Neki,^{[citation needed]} Valsamma Eapen,^[51] neuroscientists, Turaga Desiraju,^[52] Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath,^[53] Ganesan Venkatasubramanian^[54] Bilikere Dwarakanath,^[55] neurologists Naeem Sadiq,^[56] Sunil Pradhan,^[57] and neurosurgeons, N. K. Venkataramana,^[58] R. Marthanda Varma among others.^[22]

Bibliography

• Willford, Andrew (24 January 2022). "'Do You Hear Voices, or Do You Think You Hear Voices?': Malevolence and Modernity in the Psychiatric Clinic". South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. 45 (1): 164–182. doi:10.1080/00856401.2022.2018639. S2CID 246342737.

See also

• Mental health in India

Notes

1. Total area of the institute includes 144 acres of the existing campuses and 30 acres of land acquired for the construction of Bangalore north campus

References

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4. Chauhan, Bala. "Senior psychiatrist Pratima Murthy Appointed as director of NIMHANS for five years". The New Indian Express June 19, 2021 10:18 AM IST. Bengaluru. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
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56. "Parkinson's disease cured after successful stem cell therapy". @businessline. 19 February 2015.
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