The National Association for the Advancement of White People (NAAWP) refers to the defunct organization led by white supremacist Bryant Bowles from 1953 to 1955.[1] While identical in name, it is distinct from the current NAAWP founded in 1979 by David Duke.[2]
While leading the NAAWP, Bowles described himself as "not anti-Negro but just pro-white" and campaigned heavily for segregation.[3]
Historyedit
The National Association for the Advancement of White People was created in Delaware in 1953 by Bryant Bowles, the president of the organization.[1][4] At its formation, the group was led also by vice president B. P. Robertson, secretary E. L. Williford, treasurer P. S. Robertson, and directors Frances E. Robertson, George E. Tacy, J. H. Dickerson, and J. C. Miller.[1][4]
A "colored" school, circa 1946. Bowles aimed to maintain segregation in all aspects of life, vehemently protesting integration of races in schools.
In 1954, Bowles outlined his goals for the group in an interview with the Wilmington Evening Journal, stating the NAAWP’s objectives to be:[1]
To "publicize to the white people what's going on in this integration business. Most people really don't know."
Complete segregation of races. He said there are really only 100,000 Americans.
To see public schools run by the public, not by boards or by the Supreme Court.
States' rights.
The organization is "against legislation by the Supreme Court."
In 2013, the Federal Bureau of Investigation released a dossier written on the original NAAWP, published under the Freedom of Information Act.[1] The dossier contains the organization's original Certificate of Incorporation submitted to the Delaware State Department, on December 14, 1953.[1] This further outlines the NAAWP’s goals and concerns with maintaining rights awarded in the Constitution, maintaining current social customs, studying social relationships across different racial groups, and to encourage the existence of racial enclaves. The certificate also outlines the organization's goals to expand nationally.[1][4]
Bowles and other leaders traveled and attempted to gain support in other areas, mainly within the South.[1][3][4] The group briefly published a bimonthly paper, the "National Forum", with headlines such as "SOUTH INDIGNANT AS JEW-LED N.A.A.C.P. WINS SCHOOL SEGREGATION CASES".[3] A mass meeting in Milford, Delaware, in October 1954, attracted a crowd of 3,000 people.[3][4] Bowles encouraged a boycott to protest the integration of schools, after eleven black students were enrolled in the previously racially segregated school.[5][3] Only 456 out of 1562 students attended the next day, and the movement gained traction in the nearby town of Lincoln, where 116 of the 146 pupils in the local elementary school boycotted in solidarity.[3] Mass protests continued in Milford; the school board eventually ceded to the protestors, expelling the African American students.[3][5]
Several weeks later, Bryant Bowles was arrested for "conspiring to violate the state education law by leading a boycott at Milford’s integrated high school". The Attorney General later took action, in September 1955, to revoke the NAAWP's corporate charter.[5][4]
Referencesedit
^ abcdefghFederal Bureau of Intelligence (1954). "National Association for the Advancement of White People". Federal Bureau of Intelligence.
^Bridges, Tyler (1994). The rise of David Duke. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN0-87805-678-5. OCLC 29387843.
^ abcdefg"Education: Racial Flare-Up". Time. 11 October 1954.
^ abcdefWebb, Clive (2010). Rabble Rousers: the American Far Right in the Civil Rights Era. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
^ abc"White Supremacy Leader Arrested". Indianapolis Recorder. 16 October 1954.
External linksedit
FBI files on the NAAWP
April 12, 2024
national, association, advancement, white, people, 1953, 1955, current, naawp, national, association, advancement, white, people, national, association, advancement, white, people, naawp, refers, defunct, organization, white, supremacist, bryant, bowles, from,. For the current NAAWP see National Association for the Advancement of White People The National Association for the Advancement of White People NAAWP refers to the defunct organization led by white supremacist Bryant Bowles from 1953 to 1955 1 While identical in name it is distinct from the current NAAWP founded in 1979 by David Duke 2 While leading the NAAWP Bowles described himself as not anti Negro but just pro white and campaigned heavily for segregation 3 History editThe National Association for the Advancement of White People was created in Delaware in 1953 by Bryant Bowles the president of the organization 1 4 At its formation the group was led also by vice president B P Robertson secretary E L Williford treasurer P S Robertson and directors Frances E Robertson George E Tacy J H Dickerson and J C Miller 1 4 nbsp A colored school circa 1946 Bowles aimed to maintain segregation in all aspects of life vehemently protesting integration of races in schools In 1954 Bowles outlined his goals for the group in an interview with the Wilmington Evening Journal stating the NAAWP s objectives to be 1 To publicize to the white people what s going on in this integration business Most people really don t know Complete segregation of races He said there are really only 100 000 Americans To see public schools run by the public not by boards or by the Supreme Court States rights The organization is against legislation by the Supreme Court In 2013 the Federal Bureau of Investigation released a dossier written on the original NAAWP published under the Freedom of Information Act 1 The dossier contains the organization s original Certificate of Incorporation submitted to the Delaware State Department on December 14 1953 1 This further outlines the NAAWP s goals and concerns with maintaining rights awarded in the Constitution maintaining current social customs studying social relationships across different racial groups and to encourage the existence of racial enclaves The certificate also outlines the organization s goals to expand nationally 1 4 Bowles and other leaders traveled and attempted to gain support in other areas mainly within the South 1 3 4 The group briefly published a bimonthly paper the National Forum with headlines such as SOUTH INDIGNANT AS JEW LED N A A C P WINS SCHOOL SEGREGATION CASES 3 A mass meeting in Milford Delaware in October 1954 attracted a crowd of 3 000 people 3 4 Bowles encouraged a boycott to protest the integration of schools after eleven black students were enrolled in the previously racially segregated school 5 3 Only 456 out of 1562 students attended the next day and the movement gained traction in the nearby town of Lincoln where 116 of the 146 pupils in the local elementary school boycotted in solidarity 3 Mass protests continued in Milford the school board eventually ceded to the protestors expelling the African American students 3 5 Several weeks later Bryant Bowles was arrested for conspiring to violate the state education law by leading a boycott at Milford s integrated high school The Attorney General later took action in September 1955 to revoke the NAAWP s corporate charter 5 4 References edit a b c d e f g h Federal Bureau of Intelligence 1954 National Association for the Advancement of White People Federal Bureau of Intelligence Bridges Tyler 1994 The rise of David Duke University Press of Mississippi ISBN 0 87805 678 5 OCLC 29387843 a b c d e f g Education Racial Flare Up Time 11 October 1954 a b c d e f Webb Clive 2010 Rabble Rousers the American Far Right in the Civil Rights Era Athens University of Georgia Press a b c White Supremacy Leader Arrested Indianapolis Recorder 16 October 1954 External links editFBI files on the NAAWP Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title National Association for the Advancement of White People 1953 1955 amp oldid 1172713245, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
