Nathan Schellenberg Kline, M.D. (March 22, 1916 – February 11, 1983) was an American scientist, researcher in the field of psychology and psychiatrist best known for his work with psychopharmacologic drugs.[1] Having been influential in the development of the very first antipsychotic and antidepressant medications in the 1950s, Kline is often regarded as the "father of psychopharmacology."
A graduate of the New York University School of Medicine, he and Robert Edward Gross are the only two-time winners of the Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research, an award sometimes referred to as "America's Nobel Prize". Kline was best known for his pioneering work with psychopharmacologic drugs. In 1952, he started a research unit at Rockland State Hospital, NY (later the Rockland Psychiatric Center). At that time, the national inpatient population in public hospitals was approaching the half-million mark. Traditional therapies seemed inadequate to treat the growing number of mentally ill patients.
Kline and his colleagues took the unusual step of investigating reserpine, a derivative of Rauvolfia serpentina. Rauvolfia was commonly used in India to treat many physical complaints, and reserpine was being used in the US to treat high blood pressure. For two years, trials with hospitalized patients found that approximately 70% of those with schizophrenia were markedly relieved from their symptoms. This work earned Kline, along with his colleagues, his first Lasker Award.[2]
Encouraged by his success with this tranquilizer, Kline investigated the properties of antidepressants. Within a year, patients in psychiatric centers throughout the US were receiving antidepressant medication. In 1964, Kline earned his second Lasker Award for the study of the introduction and use of iproniazid, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, in the treatment of severe depression.[3] This successful use of drugs for two major categories of psychiatric illness led to the release of thousands who were able to rejoin society. Kline's work has been acknowledged as a major factor in opening a new era in psychiatry: psychopharmacology.
During the 1960s the Rockland Research Institute grew to more than 300 staff. Kline's reputation drew biomedical researchers from around the world. Many laboratory techniques were developed to determine the therapeutic doses of frequently used medications, doses which are safe yet effective, at the Rockland Research Institute.
Kline was founder and director of the International Committee Against Mental Illness.[4] As an advisor to several international health agencies such as the World Health Organization and CARE-Medco, Kline was aware of the lack of medical treatment for mental illnesses in developing countries. He traveled widely and devoted much time to establishing and visiting mental health clinics and programs in other parts of the world.
Writing
In 1960, Kline and Manfred Clynes coined the term cyborg, using it in an article in Astronautics Magazine about the advantages of self-regulating human-machine systems in outer space.[5] Along a similar vein, Kline believed that computers could be used in large scale epidemiological studies and streamline the administration of complex health facilities. In 1968 he oversaw the installation of a major computer center at Rockland, funded by the Federal government. He led the development of many computerized medical systems, which led to improvements in patient care.
He wrote a great deal, authoring nearly 500 scientific publications, magazine and newspaper articles for the general public, and a book, "From Sad to Glad". He made frequent appearances as a guest on radio and television shows in his attempt to educate the public about mental illness and research. Upon his death in 1983, the Rockland Research Institute was renamed the Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, part of the New York State Office of Mental Health.
^. Archived from the original on May 5, 2016. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
^1957 Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award
^1957 Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award
^International Committee Against Mental Illness website
^Cyborgs and Space, in Astronautics (September 1960), by Manfred E. Clynes and Nathan S. Kline.
External links
Nathan Kline's Lasker Prize
New York Times Obituary
1957 Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award
1964 Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award
A film clip "The Open Mind - Alcoholism (1982)" is available for viewing at the Internet Archive
A film clip "The Open Mind - Psychology Today (1975)" is available for viewing at the Internet Archive
August 22, 2023
nathan, kline, nathan, schellenberg, kline, march, 1916, february, 1983, american, scientist, researcher, field, psychology, psychiatrist, best, known, work, with, psychopharmacologic, drugs, having, been, influential, development, very, first, antipsychotic, . Nathan Schellenberg Kline M D March 22 1916 February 11 1983 was an American scientist researcher in the field of psychology and psychiatrist best known for his work with psychopharmacologic drugs 1 Having been influential in the development of the very first antipsychotic and antidepressant medications in the 1950s Kline is often regarded as the father of psychopharmacology Nathan S KlineBornNathan Schellenberg KlineMarch 22 1916Philadelphia PADiedFebruary 11 1983 1983 02 11 aged 66 New York NYNationalityAmericanEducationSwarthmore CollegeKnown forPsychology PsychopharmacologyAwardsLasker AwardWebsiteNathan Kline Institute Contents 1 Research 2 Writing 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksResearch EditA graduate of the New York University School of Medicine he and Robert Edward Gross are the only two time winners of the Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research an award sometimes referred to as America s Nobel Prize Kline was best known for his pioneering work with psychopharmacologic drugs In 1952 he started a research unit at Rockland State Hospital NY later the Rockland Psychiatric Center At that time the national inpatient population in public hospitals was approaching the half million mark Traditional therapies seemed inadequate to treat the growing number of mentally ill patients Kline and his colleagues took the unusual step of investigating reserpine a derivative of Rauvolfia serpentina Rauvolfia was commonly used in India to treat many physical complaints and reserpine was being used in the US to treat high blood pressure For two years trials with hospitalized patients found that approximately 70 of those with schizophrenia were markedly relieved from their symptoms This work earned Kline along with his colleagues his first Lasker Award 2 Encouraged by his success with this tranquilizer Kline investigated the properties of antidepressants Within a year patients in psychiatric centers throughout the US were receiving antidepressant medication In 1964 Kline earned his second Lasker Award for the study of the introduction and use of iproniazid a monoamine oxidase inhibitor in the treatment of severe depression 3 This successful use of drugs for two major categories of psychiatric illness led to the release of thousands who were able to rejoin society Kline s work has been acknowledged as a major factor in opening a new era in psychiatry psychopharmacology During the 1960s the Rockland Research Institute grew to more than 300 staff Kline s reputation drew biomedical researchers from around the world Many laboratory techniques were developed to determine the therapeutic doses of frequently used medications doses which are safe yet effective at the Rockland Research Institute Kline was founder and director of the International Committee Against Mental Illness 4 As an advisor to several international health agencies such as the World Health Organization and CARE Medco Kline was aware of the lack of medical treatment for mental illnesses in developing countries He traveled widely and devoted much time to establishing and visiting mental health clinics and programs in other parts of the world Writing EditIn 1960 Kline and Manfred Clynes coined the term cyborg using it in an article in Astronautics Magazine about the advantages of self regulating human machine systems in outer space 5 Along a similar vein Kline believed that computers could be used in large scale epidemiological studies and streamline the administration of complex health facilities In 1968 he oversaw the installation of a major computer center at Rockland funded by the Federal government He led the development of many computerized medical systems which led to improvements in patient care He wrote a great deal authoring nearly 500 scientific publications magazine and newspaper articles for the general public and a book From Sad to Glad He made frequent appearances as a guest on radio and television shows in his attempt to educate the public about mental illness and research Upon his death in 1983 the Rockland Research Institute was renamed the Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research part of the New York State Office of Mental Health See also EditPsychopharmacology Psychiatric medication Psychiatry Mental health Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research CyborgReferences Edit The Man Behind the Institute Archived from the original on May 5 2016 Retrieved April 24 2009 1957 Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award 1957 Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award International Committee Against Mental Illness website Cyborgs and Space in Astronautics September 1960 by Manfred E Clynes and Nathan S Kline External links EditNathan Kline s Lasker Prize Dr Nathan S Kline The Man Behind The Institute New York Times Obituary 1957 Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award 1964 Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award A film clip The Open Mind Alcoholism 1982 is available for viewing at the Internet Archive A film clip The Open Mind Psychology Today 1975 is available for viewing at the Internet Archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nathan S Kline amp oldid 1155440667, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
