Narchat, Narchatka, Naricha[1] (Moksha: Нарчат, Нарчатка, Нарича, romanized: Narchat, Narchatka, Naricha) was a Moksha Queen,[6] ruler of Moxel mentioned in Russian sources as Murunza.[7] She was daughter and successor of king Puresh and sister of Atämaz. She led the uprising against Mongols in 1242 and was slain in Battle of Sernya in 1242.
In September 1237 the Mongols invaded Kingdom Moxel ('Moksha Kingdom' in Latin sources[8]). They seized the capital Noronshasht and killed all the city dwellers. Narchat's father and brother together with Moxel army joined the Mongol hordes on their way to Europe.[9] It was she who remained to rule when her father and brother left with the Mongols.[10] As soon as she found out her father, brother and many Moksha warriors were killed in Germany[11] she attacked the Mongol convoys passing Mokshaland. On their way from Europe, Mongols returned to Moxel and seized Sernya. The city was burnt down, all the defenders were killed. Queen Narchat with a small group of warriors broke out of the burning fortress but Mongols chased her. Her men were slain and she jumped into the ice-hole in river Moksha and drowned together with her horse.[12]
Historical Personalityedit
Russian professor from Penza State Pedagogical University Vitaliy Lebedev wrote:
All legends of Narchat mention that there was a battle of local population with Tatar-Mongols. The battle took place in winter time <...> Almost in all legends she is known as Mordvin Queen and in two as Burtass
— Vitaliy Lebedev, Лебедев В. И. Загадочный город Мохши[6]
She might be only Moksha. First she was daughter of king Puresh, second war was waged in Mokshaland, third other ethnic groups are known they might have had a female as the head of state but not the army[13]
Indeed, it is known the Burtas had been ruled by elders.[14]
Ethnographer Vladimir Aunovsky wrote that he encountered coins with Narchatka portrait in traditional Moksha woman's headdress and they say: "This is our queen".[15] These coins are called mordovkas in slang, or silver coins type A as they are described by Bogdan Zaikovsky with inscription in Moksha language in Greek Uncial script (Moksha: μοΛͷ ΑΗςͷ οκΑΗ ΠεΛκͷ 'goes only for half Oka (gold coin name)') and might be dated as 4-8th century AD.[16] Triangle coins, pre-Mongolian silver Valfs, 22x23 mm size, with a depiction of a woman in a headdress» are described by Vyacheslav Zavaryukhin as he specifies they should be referred to as Mukhsha coinage according to the Christian Frähn's list.[17]
^ abЛебедев В. И. Загадочный город Мохши, Пенза, 1958, p.15
^Карамзин Н. М. История государства Российского. Т. II. Москва, 1991, ISBN978-5-02-009493-2
^Itinerarium fratris Willielmi de Rubruquis de ordine fratrum Minorum, Galli, Anno gratia 1253. ad partes Orientales.
^John Bridges. The «Opus Majus» of Roger Bacon. Elibron Classics, 2000, ISBN978-1-4021-9735-2
^Козлов, Александр (2022-05-15). Древнейшая история Пензенского края: мифы и реальность. Взгляд на историю с точки зрения новейших исследований ДНК-генеалогии (in Russian). Litres. p. 216. ISBN978-5-04-255329-5.
^Itinerarium fratris Willielmi de Rubruquis de ordine fratrum Minorum, Galli, Anno gratia 1253. ad partes Orientales
^Мадуров Д. Ф. Волжские земли в истории и культуре России: Материалы Всероссийской научной конференции//Мадуров Д. Ф. События XIII века в истории эрзи и мокши., О сражении на Золотарёвском городище осенью 1237 г. [Dmitry Madurov. 13th Century Events in Moksha and Erzya History., Sernya battle in autumn 1237, Mordovian State University, Saransk: Krasnyy Oktyabr, 2004. Part I — p. 264]
^Brasos — Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1971. — 600 с. — (Soviet Encyclopedia, 30 volumes / chief editor А. М. Prokhorov ; 1969—1978, Vol. 4)
^Заварюхин, Вячеслав Юрьевич (Aug 27, 2006). "Памятники нумизматики и бонистики в региональном историко-культурном процессе". Retrieved Aug 27, 2022 – via cheloveknauka.com.
Sourcesedit
Shtereshis, Michael (2013), Tamerlane and the Jews, London and New York: Routledge, ISBN9781136873669
Minorsky, Vladimir; al-ʿĀlam, Ḥudūd (1952), Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam. The regions of the world: a Persian geography, 372 A.H./982 A.D para 52. The Alān Capital *Magas and the Mongol Campaign, Cambridge University Press, JSTOR 608675
Inzhevatov, I.K.; Pomerantseva, E.V., eds. (1983) [First published 1963]. "UPTMN". Oral Poetry Of Mordvin people, 1963–2003. Vol. 10. Mordovian Research Institute for Language, Literature, and Economy. p. 255.
Aunovsky, V (1869), Ethnograpical Essay Of Mordva-Moksha. Simbirsk Governorate Memorial Book for 1869, Simbirsk, pp. 85–108{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Zaikovsky, Bogdan (1929). "Mordovkas Problem". Nizhne-Volzhskaya Oblast Ethnological Scientific Society Review. Saratov (36–2): 30–32.
Mayorov, Aleksandr (2021). "Woman, Diplomacy and War. Russian Princes In Negotiations With Batu Before Mongol Invasion". Шаги/Steps. Steps Journal. 7 (3): 124–199.
Lebedev, Vitaly (1990), Legends of Burtas Tsarina Narchatka. Problems of Volga-Don Ethnic History in Middle Ages and Burtas Problem (in Russian), Penza{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Kryukov, N. (17 June 2008). "Sernya the Jewelers' City". Nasha Penza (in Russian). No. 30.
December 15, 2023
narchat, naricha, moksha, Нарчат, Нарчатка, Нарича, romanized, naricha, moksha, queen, ruler, moxel, mentioned, russian, sources, murunza, daughter, successor, king, puresh, sister, atämaz, uprising, against, mongols, 1242, slain, battle, sernya, 1242, moxelkh. Narchat Narchatka Naricha 1 Moksha Narchat Narchatka Naricha romanized Narchat Narchatka Naricha was a Moksha Queen 6 ruler of Moxel mentioned in Russian sources as Murunza 7 She was daughter and successor of king Puresh and sister of Atamaz She led the uprising against Mongols in 1242 and was slain in Battle of Sernya in 1242 Narchat Of MoxelKhanazorava 1 Monument to Queen Narchat near Ancient Noronshasht Penza region RussiaPrincess regent of MoxelRegency1237 1241MonarchKanazor King Puresh under the reign of Oz Beg Khan Khanazorava Queen of MoxelReign1241 1242PredecessorPureshBorn1216NoronshashtDied20 November 1242 1242 11 20 aged 25 26 Moksha riverFatherPureshReligionTorah Judaism disputable 2 3 OccupationQueen of Moxel and Burtas 4 5 Contents 1 Mongol Takeover 2 Historical Personality 2 1 Narchat in coinage 2 2 Narchat in Epic Tales 3 See also 4 Literature 5 References 6 SourcesMongol Takeover editIn September 1237 the Mongols invaded Kingdom Moxel Moksha Kingdom in Latin sources 8 They seized the capital Noronshasht and killed all the city dwellers Narchat s father and brother together with Moxel army joined the Mongol hordes on their way to Europe 9 It was she who remained to rule when her father and brother left with the Mongols 10 As soon as she found out her father brother and many Moksha warriors were killed in Germany 11 she attacked the Mongol convoys passing Mokshaland On their way from Europe Mongols returned to Moxel and seized Sernya The city was burnt down all the defenders were killed Queen Narchat with a small group of warriors broke out of the burning fortress but Mongols chased her Her men were slain and she jumped into the ice hole in river Moksha and drowned together with her horse 12 Historical Personality editRussian professor from Penza State Pedagogical University Vitaliy Lebedev wrote All legends of Narchat mention that there was a battle of local population with Tatar Mongols The battle took place in winter time lt gt Almost in all legends she is known as Mordvin Queen and in two as Burtass Vitaliy Lebedev Lebedev V I Zagadochnyj gorod Mohshi 6 Doctor of Sciences Dmitriy Madurov of Chuvash state Institute of Humanities writes She might be only Moksha First she was daughter of king Puresh second war was waged in Mokshaland third other ethnic groups are known they might have had a female as the head of state but not the army 13 Indeed it is known the Burtas had been ruled by elders 14 Narchat in coinage edit Main article Mordovka Ethnographer Vladimir Aunovsky wrote that he encountered coins with Narchatka portrait in traditional Moksha woman s headdress and they say This is our queen 15 These coins are called mordovkas in slang or silver coins type A as they are described by Bogdan Zaikovsky with inscription in Moksha language in Greek Uncial script Moksha moLͷ AHsͷ okAH PeLkͷ goes only for half Oka gold coin name and might be dated as 4 8th century AD 16 Triangle coins pre Mongolian silver Valfs 22x23 mm size with a depiction of a woman in a headdress are described by Vyacheslav Zavaryukhin as he specifies they should be referred to as Mukhsha coinage according to the Christian Frahn s list 17 Narchat in Epic Tales editSee also editBattle of Legnica Mongol invasion of Rus Mongol invasion of Europe History of Middle Volga AreaLiterature editMasztorava Erza es moksa nepkolteszeti anyag feldolgozasaval irta Alekszandr Markovics Saronov Budapest 2010 Lebedev V I Narchatka Penzenskaya enciklopediya M Nauchnoe izdatelstvo Bolshaya Rossijskaya enciklopediya 2001 s 376 Alihova A E M F Zhiganov P D Stepanov Iz drevnej i srednevekovoj istorii mordovskogo naroda Saransk 1959 Pudalov B M Nachalnyj period istorii drevnejshih gorodov Srednego Povolzhya XII ѕ pervaya tret XIII v Nizhnij Novgorod 2003 Fomin V V Purgasova Rus Institut Rossijskoj istorii RAN 2007 Ustno poeticheskoe tvorchestvo mordovskogo naroda v 12 tomah Saransk 1963 2003 Mordovskaya mifologiya Enciklopediya Saransk 2013References edit a b Inzhevatov amp Pomerantseva 1983 p 49 Shtereshis 2013 p 18 Mayorov 2021 Lebedev 1990 Minorsky amp al ʿAlam 1952 a b Lebedev V I Zagadochnyj gorod Mohshi Penza 1958 p 15 Karamzin N M Istoriya gosudarstva Rossijskogo T II Moskva 1991 ISBN 978 5 02 009493 2 Itinerarium fratris Willielmi de Rubruquis de ordine fratrum Minorum Galli Anno gratia 1253 ad partes Orientales John Bridges The Opus Majus of Roger Bacon Elibron Classics 2000 ISBN 978 1 4021 9735 2 Kozlov Aleksandr 2022 05 15 Drevnejshaya istoriya Penzenskogo kraya mify i realnost Vzglyad na istoriyu s tochki zreniya novejshih issledovanij DNK genealogii in Russian Litres p 216 ISBN 978 5 04 255329 5 Itinerarium fratris Willielmi de Rubruquis de ordine fratrum Minorum Galli Anno gratia 1253 ad partes Orientales Kryukov 2008 Madurov D F Volzhskie zemli v istorii i kulture Rossii Materialy Vserossijskoj nauchnoj konferencii Madurov D F Sobytiya XIII veka v istorii erzi i mokshi O srazhenii na Zolotaryovskom gorodishe osenyu 1237 g Dmitry Madurov 13th Century Events in Moksha and Erzya History Sernya battle in autumn 1237 Mordovian State University Saransk Krasnyy Oktyabr 2004 Part I p 264 Brasos Moscow Soviet Encyclopedia 1971 600 s Soviet Encyclopedia 30 volumes chief editor A M Prokhorov 1969 1978 Vol 4 Aunovsky 1869 pp 85 108 Zaikovsky 1929 Zavaryuhin Vyacheslav Yurevich Aug 27 2006 Pamyatniki numizmatiki i bonistiki v regionalnom istoriko kulturnom processe Retrieved Aug 27 2022 via cheloveknauka com Sources editShtereshis Michael 2013 Tamerlane and the Jews London and New York Routledge ISBN 9781136873669 Minorsky Vladimir al ʿAlam Ḥudud 1952 Ḥudud al ʿAlam The regions of the world a Persian geography 372 A H 982 A D para 52 The Alan Capital Magas and the Mongol Campaign Cambridge University Press JSTOR 608675 Inzhevatov I K Pomerantseva E V eds 1983 First published 1963 UPTMN Oral Poetry Of Mordvin people 1963 2003 Vol 10 Mordovian Research Institute for Language Literature and Economy p 255 Aunovsky V 1869 Ethnograpical Essay Of Mordva Moksha Simbirsk Governorate Memorial Book for 1869 Simbirsk pp 85 108 a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Zaikovsky Bogdan 1929 Mordovkas Problem Nizhne Volzhskaya Oblast Ethnological Scientific Society Review Saratov 36 2 30 32 Mayorov Aleksandr 2021 Woman Diplomacy and War Russian Princes In Negotiations With Batu Before Mongol Invasion Shagi Steps Steps Journal 7 3 124 199 Lebedev Vitaly 1990 Legends of Burtas Tsarina Narchatka Problems of Volga Don Ethnic History in Middle Ages and Burtas Problem in Russian Penza a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Kryukov N 17 June 2008 Sernya the Jewelers City Nasha Penza in Russian No 30 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Narchat amp oldid 1180305906, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
