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Nadar

January 01, 1970

For other uses, see Nadar (disambiguation).

Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (5 April 1820 – 20 March 1910[1]), known by the pseudonym Nadar, was a French photographer, caricaturist, journalist, novelist, balloonist, and proponent of heavier-than-air flight. In 1858, he became the first person to take aerial photographs.[2]

Nadar
Self-portrait of Nadar, c. 1860
Born
Gaspard-Félix Tournachon

(1820-04-05)5 April 1820
Paris, France
Died20 March 1910(1910-03-20) (aged 89)
Paris, France
Resting placePère Lachaise Cemetery
48°51′36″N 2°23′46″E / 48.860°N 2.396°E / 48.860; 2.396
Occupations
Known forPioneer in photography
Parent
Signature

Photographic portraits by Nadar are held by many of the great national collections of photographs. His son, Paul Nadar, continued the studio after his death.

Life edit

Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (also known as Nadar)[3] was born in early April 1820 in Paris,[4] though some sources state he was born in Lyon. His father, Victor Tournachon, was a printer and bookseller. Nadar began to study medicine but quit for economic reasons after his father's death.[5][4]

Nadar started working as a caricaturist and novelist for various newspapers. He fell in with the Parisian bohemian group of Gérard de Nerval, Charles Baudelaire, and Théodore de Banville. His friends picked a nickname for him, perhaps by a playful habit of adding "dar" to the end of words, Tournadar, which later became Nadar.[5] His work was published in Le Charivari for the first time in 1848. In 1849, he founded La Revue Comique à l'Usage des Gens Sérieux. He also edited Le Petit Journal pour Rire.[4]

 
Nadar's studio at 35 Boulevard des Capucines in 1860.

From work as a caricaturist, he moved on to photography. He took his first photographs in 1853, and in 1854 opened a photographic studio at 113 rue St. Lazare.[5] In 1860 he moved to 35 Boulevard des Capucines. Nadar photographed a wide range of personalities: politicians (Guizot, Proudhon), stage actors (Sarah Bernhardt, Paulus), writers (Hugo, Baudelaire, Sand, Nerval, Gautier, Dumas), painters (Corot, Delacroix, Millet), and musicians (Liszt, Rossini, Offenbach, Verdi, Berlioz).[5] Portrait photography was going through a period of native industrialization, and Nadar refused to use the traditional sumptuous decors; he preferred natural daylight and despised what he considered to be unnecessary accessories. In 1886, with his son Paul, he did what may be the first photo-report: an interview with the great scientist Michel Eugène Chevreul, who at the time was 100 years old.[6] It was published in Le Journal Illustré.[5]

 
Balloon Le Geant flown by Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (Nadar), 1863
 
Studio portrait of Nadar in a balloon basket, c. 1863

In 1858, he became the first person to take aerial photographs. This was done using the wet plate collodion process, and since the plates had to be prepared and developed (a process that required a chemically neutral setting) while the basket was aloft, Nadar experienced imaging problems as gas escaped from his balloons. After Nadar invented a gas-proof cotton cover and draped it over his balloon baskets, he was able to capture stable images.[7]: 159  He also pioneered the use of artificial lighting in photography, working in the catacombs of Paris. He was thus the first person to photograph from the air with his balloons, as well as the first to photograph underground, in the Catacombs of Paris.[4] In 1867, he published the first magazine to focus on air travel: L'Aéronaute.[4]

  •  
    Nadar élevant la Photographie à la hauteur de l'Art ("Nadar elevating Photography to Art"). Lithograph by Honoré Daumier.
  •  
    1863: Disaster with Le Géant at Neustadt am Rübenberge at Hanover. Illustration in a newspaper

In 1863, Nadar commissioned the prominent balloonist Eugène Godard to construct an enormous balloon, 60 metres (196 ft) high and with a capacity of 6,000 m3 (210,000 cu ft), and named Le Géant (The Giant).[7]: 164  On his visit to Brussels with Le Géant, on 26 September 1864, Nadar erected mobile barriers to keep the crowd at a safe distance. Crowd control barriers are still known in Belgium as Nadar barriers.[4] Le Géant was badly damaged at the end of its second flight, but Nadar rebuilt the gondola and the envelope, and continued his flights. In 1867, he was able to take as many as a dozen passengers aloft at once, serving cold chicken and wine.[8]

For publicity, he recreated balloon flights in his studio with his wife, Ernestine, using a rigged-up balloon gondola.[9] He stayed a passionate aeronaut until he and Ernestine were injured in an accident in Le Géant.[10]

 
c. 1865: "Revolving" self-portrait by Nadar

Le Géant (The Giant) inspired Jules Verne's Five Weeks in a Balloon. Nadar was the inspiration for the character of Michael Ardan in Verne's From the Earth to the Moon.[7]: 164 [11][5] In 1862, Verne and Nadar established a Société pour la recherche de la navigation aérienne, which later became La Société d'encouragement de la locomotion aérienne au moyen du plus lourd que l'air (The Society for the Encouragement of Aerial Locomotion by Means of Heavier than Air Machines).[8]: 123  Nadar served as president and Verne as secretary.[12]

During the Siege of Paris in 1870–71, Nadar was instrumental in organising balloon flights carrying mail to reconnect the besieged Parisians with the rest of the world, thus establishing the world's first airmail service.[7]: 260 [5][8]

In April 1874, he lent his photo studio to a group of painters to present the first exhibition of the Impressionists.[13] He photographed Victor Hugo on his death-bed in 1885.[14] He is credited with having published (in 1886) the first photo-interview (of famous chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul, then a centenarian).[6] His photographs of women are notable for their natural poses and individual character.[15] Nadar was recognized for breaking the conventions of photographic portrait, choosing to capture the subjects as active participants.[16]

As of 1 April 1895, Nadar turned over the Paris Nadar Studio to his son Paul. He moved to Marseille, where he established another photography studio in 1897. On 3 January 1909 he returned to Paris.[17]

Nadar died on 20 March 1910, age 89. He was buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. The studio continued under the direction of his son and long-term collaborator, Paul Nadar (1856–1939).[18]

Works edit

Towards the end of his life, Nadar published Quand j'étais photographe, which was translated into English and published by MIT Press in 2015. The book is full of both anecdotes and samples of his photography, including many portraits of recognizable names.[19][20]

The painter Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres sent some of his clients to Nadar to have their photographs taken as studies for his paintings.[21]

Gallery edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "La Mort de Nadar". l'Aérophile (in French): 194. 1 April 1910.
  2. ^ "These Incredible Images Show How Aerial Photography Has Developed". Time. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  3. ^ Jenner, Greg (19 March 2020). Dead Famous: An Unexpected History of Celebrity from Bronze Age to Silver Screen. Orion. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-297-86981-8.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Félix Nadar Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (6 April 1820 – 23 March 1910, France)". Lambiek Comiclopedia. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "Archives de France |". www.archivesdefrance.culture.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 15 October 2015.
  6. ^ a b ""Le Journal Illustré" Publishes the First Photo-Interview 9/5/1886". History of Information. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d Holmes, Richard (2013). Falling upwards : how we took to the air. London: HarperPress. ISBN 978-0-00-738692-5.
  8. ^ a b c Hallion, Richard P (2003). Taking Flight: Inventing the Aerial Age, from Antiquity through the First World War. Oxford University Press. p. 71-73. ISBN 0-19-516035-5.
  9. ^ "Nadar with His Wife, Ernestine, in a Balloon", The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  10. ^ "Nadar", Encyclopedia Britannica.
  11. ^ Holmes, Richard (24 May 2018). "Luftmensch in Paris". The New York Review of Books. ISSN 0028-7504. from the original on 30 September 2020.
  12. ^ Miller, Roland (18 January 2016). Abandoned in place : preserving America's space history. University of New Mexico Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0826356253. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  13. ^ Gersh-Nesic, Beth (23 September 2019). "How the First Impressionist Exhibition Came to Be". Thought Co. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  14. ^ "Victor Hugo on his Death Bed". Philadelphia Museum of Art. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  15. ^ Hambourg, Maria Morris (1995). Nadar. Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 50–51. ISBN 9780810964891. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  16. ^ Smith, Ian Haydn (2018). The short story of photography : a pocket guide to key genres, works, themes & techniques. London: Laurence King Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78627-201-0. OCLC 1002114117.
  17. ^ Nadar, Félix (6 November 2015). When I Was a Photographer. Translated by Cadava, Eduardo; Theodoratou, Liana (1st English translation ed.). MIT Press. pp. 234–235. ISBN 9780262330725. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  18. ^ "Question of Trieste".
  19. ^ Adam Begley, "The absurd life of Félix Nadar, French portraitist and human flight advocate", The Guardian, 23 December 2015.
  20. ^ Begley, Adam (11 July 2017). The Great Nadar: The Man Behind the Camera. New York: Tim Duggan Books. ISBN 978-1-101-90260-8.
  21. ^ De la Croix, Horst; Tansey, Richard G.; Kirkpatrick, Diane (1991). Gardner's Art Through the Ages (9th ed.). Thomson/Wadsworth. p. 910. ISBN 0-15-503769-2.
  22. ^ Childs, Adrienne L. "Le Modèle noir de Géricault à Matisse". Nineteeth-Century Art Worldwide. Retrieved 13 January 2024.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gaspard-Félix Tournachon.

January 01, 1970
nadar, other, uses, disambiguation, gaspard, félix, tournachon, april, 1820, march, 1910, known, pseudonym, french, photographer, caricaturist, journalist, novelist, balloonist, proponent, heavier, than, flight, 1858, became, first, person, take, aerial, photo. For other uses see Nadar disambiguation Gaspard Felix Tournachon 5 April 1820 20 March 1910 1 known by the pseudonym Nadar was a French photographer caricaturist journalist novelist balloonist and proponent of heavier than air flight In 1858 he became the first person to take aerial photographs 2 NadarSelf portrait of Nadar c 1860BornGaspard Felix Tournachon 1820 04 05 5 April 1820Paris FranceDied20 March 1910 1910 03 20 aged 89 Paris FranceResting placePere Lachaise Cemetery48 51 36 N 2 23 46 E 48 860 N 2 396 E 48 860 2 396OccupationsPhotographercaricaturistjournalistnovelistballoonistKnown forPioneer in photographyParentVictor Tournachon father Signature Photographic portraits by Nadar are held by many of the great national collections of photographs His son Paul Nadar continued the studio after his death Contents 1 Life 2 Works 2 1 Gallery 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksLife editGaspard Felix Tournachon also known as Nadar 3 was born in early April 1820 in Paris 4 though some sources state he was born in Lyon His father Victor Tournachon was a printer and bookseller Nadar began to study medicine but quit for economic reasons after his father s death 5 4 Nadar started working as a caricaturist and novelist for various newspapers He fell in with the Parisian bohemian group of Gerard de Nerval Charles Baudelaire and Theodore de Banville His friends picked a nickname for him perhaps by a playful habit of adding dar to the end of words Tournadar which later became Nadar 5 His work was published in Le Charivari for the first time in 1848 In 1849 he founded La Revue Comique a l Usage des Gens Serieux He also edited Le Petit Journal pour Rire 4 nbsp Nadar s studio at 35 Boulevard des Capucines in 1860 From work as a caricaturist he moved on to photography He took his first photographs in 1853 and in 1854 opened a photographic studio at 113 rue St Lazare 5 In 1860 he moved to 35 Boulevard des Capucines Nadar photographed a wide range of personalities politicians Guizot Proudhon stage actors Sarah Bernhardt Paulus writers Hugo Baudelaire Sand Nerval Gautier Dumas painters Corot Delacroix Millet and musicians Liszt Rossini Offenbach Verdi Berlioz 5 Portrait photography was going through a period of native industrialization and Nadar refused to use the traditional sumptuous decors he preferred natural daylight and despised what he considered to be unnecessary accessories In 1886 with his son Paul he did what may be the first photo report an interview with the great scientist Michel Eugene Chevreul who at the time was 100 years old 6 It was published in Le Journal Illustre 5 nbsp Balloon Le Geant flown by Gaspard Felix Tournachon Nadar 1863 nbsp Studio portrait of Nadar in a balloon basket c 1863 In 1858 he became the first person to take aerial photographs This was done using the wet plate collodion process and since the plates had to be prepared and developed a process that required a chemically neutral setting while the basket was aloft Nadar experienced imaging problems as gas escaped from his balloons After Nadar invented a gas proof cotton cover and draped it over his balloon baskets he was able to capture stable images 7 159 He also pioneered the use of artificial lighting in photography working in the catacombs of Paris He was thus the first person to photograph from the air with his balloons as well as the first to photograph underground in the Catacombs of Paris 4 In 1867 he published the first magazine to focus on air travel L Aeronaute 4 nbsp Nadar elevant la Photographie a la hauteur de l Art Nadar elevating Photography to Art Lithograph by Honore Daumier nbsp 1863 Disaster with Le Geant at Neustadt am Rubenberge at Hanover Illustration in a newspaper In 1863 Nadar commissioned the prominent balloonist Eugene Godard to construct an enormous balloon 60 metres 196 ft high and with a capacity of 6 000 m3 210 000 cu ft and named Le Geant The Giant 7 164 On his visit to Brussels with Le Geant on 26 September 1864 Nadar erected mobile barriers to keep the crowd at a safe distance Crowd control barriers are still known in Belgium as Nadar barriers 4 Le Geant was badly damaged at the end of its second flight but Nadar rebuilt the gondola and the envelope and continued his flights In 1867 he was able to take as many as a dozen passengers aloft at once serving cold chicken and wine 8 For publicity he recreated balloon flights in his studio with his wife Ernestine using a rigged up balloon gondola 9 He stayed a passionate aeronaut until he and Ernestine were injured in an accident in Le Geant 10 nbsp c 1865 Revolving self portrait by Nadar Le Geant The Giant inspired Jules Verne s Five Weeks in a Balloon Nadar was the inspiration for the character of Michael Ardan in Verne s From the Earth to the Moon 7 164 11 5 In 1862 Verne and Nadar established a Societe pour la recherche de la navigation aerienne which later became La Societe d encouragement de la locomotion aerienne au moyen du plus lourd que l air The Society for the Encouragement of Aerial Locomotion by Means of Heavier than Air Machines 8 123 Nadar served as president and Verne as secretary 12 During the Siege of Paris in 1870 71 Nadar was instrumental in organising balloon flights carrying mail to reconnect the besieged Parisians with the rest of the world thus establishing the world s first airmail service 7 260 5 8 In April 1874 he lent his photo studio to a group of painters to present the first exhibition of the Impressionists 13 He photographed Victor Hugo on his death bed in 1885 14 He is credited with having published in 1886 the first photo interview of famous chemist Michel Eugene Chevreul then a centenarian 6 His photographs of women are notable for their natural poses and individual character 15 Nadar was recognized for breaking the conventions of photographic portrait choosing to capture the subjects as active participants 16 As of 1 April 1895 Nadar turned over the Paris Nadar Studio to his son Paul He moved to Marseille where he established another photography studio in 1897 On 3 January 1909 he returned to Paris 17 Nadar died on 20 March 1910 age 89 He was buried in Pere Lachaise Cemetery in Paris The studio continued under the direction of his son and long term collaborator Paul Nadar 1856 1939 18 Works editTowards the end of his life Nadar published Quand j etais photographe which was translated into English and published by MIT Press in 2015 The book is full of both anecdotes and samples of his photography including many portraits of recognizable names 19 20 The painter Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres sent some of his clients to Nadar to have their photographs taken as studies for his paintings 21 Gallery edit nbsp Nadar s son center with Yatsu Kanshiro left and an unnamed samurai right photographed by Nadar They were members of the Second Japanese Embassy to Europe in 1863 nbsp Caricature of Balzac 1850 nbsp Charles Baudelaire 1855 nbsp Sarah Bernhardt c 1864 nbsp Georges Boulanger nbsp Marguerite Bresil nbsp Francois Certain de Canrobert nbsp Georges Clemenceau nbsp Peter Kropotkin nbsp Gustave Dore between 1856 and 8 nbsp Charles Gounod in 1890 nbsp Elisabeth de Gramont 1889 nbsp Franz Liszt nbsp Jean Francois Millet nbsp Nasser al Din Shah Qajar king of Persia 1848 1896 nbsp Edouard de Reszke nbsp Severine c 1895 nbsp Pedro II of Brazil nbsp Maria l Antillaise 1860s tentatively identified as Maria Martinez 22 See also editPrix Nadar French photojournalism prize given in Nadar s name Mononymous person a person known with only one word Michel Ardan a character from the 1865 novel From the Earth to the Moon who was inspired by NadarReferences edit La Mort de Nadar l Aerophile in French 194 1 April 1910 These Incredible Images Show How Aerial Photography Has Developed Time Retrieved 17 July 2022 Jenner Greg 19 March 2020 Dead Famous An Unexpected History of Celebrity from Bronze Age to Silver Screen Orion p 213 ISBN 978 0 297 86981 8 a b c d e f Felix Nadar Gaspard Felix Tournachon 6 April 1820 23 March 1910 France Lambiek Comiclopedia Retrieved 12 November 2019 a b c d e f g Archives de France www archivesdefrance culture gouv fr in French Retrieved 15 October 2015 a b Le Journal Illustre Publishes the First Photo Interview 9 5 1886 History of Information Retrieved 12 November 2019 a b c d Holmes Richard 2013 Falling upwards how we took to the air London HarperPress ISBN 978 0 00 738692 5 a b c Hallion Richard P 2003 Taking Flight Inventing the Aerial Age from Antiquity through the First World War Oxford University Press p 71 73 ISBN 0 19 516035 5 Nadar with His Wife Ernestine in a Balloon The Metropolitan Museum of Art Nadar Encyclopedia Britannica Holmes Richard 24 May 2018 Luftmensch in Paris The New York Review of Books ISSN 0028 7504 Archived from the original on 30 September 2020 Miller Roland 18 January 2016 Abandoned in place preserving America s space history University of New Mexico Press p 3 ISBN 978 0826356253 Retrieved 12 November 2019 Gersh Nesic Beth 23 September 2019 How the First Impressionist Exhibition Came to Be Thought Co Retrieved 12 November 2019 Victor Hugo on his Death Bed Philadelphia Museum of Art Retrieved 12 November 2019 Hambourg Maria Morris 1995 Nadar Metropolitan Museum of Art pp 50 51 ISBN 9780810964891 Retrieved 12 November 2019 Smith Ian Haydn 2018 The short story of photography a pocket guide to key genres works themes amp techniques London Laurence King Publishing ISBN 978 1 78627 201 0 OCLC 1002114117 Nadar Felix 6 November 2015 When I Was a Photographer Translated by Cadava Eduardo Theodoratou Liana 1st English translation ed MIT Press pp 234 235 ISBN 9780262330725 Retrieved 12 November 2019 Question of Trieste Adam Begley The absurd life of Felix Nadar French portraitist and human flight advocate The Guardian 23 December 2015 Begley Adam 11 July 2017 The Great Nadar The Man Behind the Camera New York Tim Duggan Books ISBN 978 1 101 90260 8 De la Croix Horst Tansey Richard G Kirkpatrick Diane 1991 Gardner s Art Through the Ages 9th ed Thomson Wadsworth p 910 ISBN 0 15 503769 2 Childs Adrienne L Le Modele noir de Gericault a Matisse Nineteeth Century Art Worldwide Retrieved 13 January 2024 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gaspard Felix Tournachon Works by Nadar at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Nadar at Internet Archive 1867 Caricature of Nadar by Andre Gill Article about Nadar by Bruce Sterling Article about Nadar by Roger Cicala Fostinum Nadar numerous photographs by Nadar Nadar at Find a Grave Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nadar amp oldid 1217705463, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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