NCAA Division I independent schools (ice hockey)

NCAA Division I independent schools are teams that compete in NCAA ice hockey but are not members of a conference. There are several current schools who, at one time or another, competed as Division I independents.

Location of Division I
hockey independents (as of 2020)

Current independent programs

Men

Institution	Team	Location	Founded	Type	Enrollment	Years	Primary Conference
Arizona State University	Sun Devils^[1]	Tempe, Arizona	1885	Public	57,588^[a]	2015–2024	Pac-12 Conference
Long Island University	Sharks^[2]	Brooklyn & Brookville, New York	1926	Private	15,197^[b]	2020–present	Northeast Conference
University of Alaska Anchorage	Seawolves	Anchorage, Alaska	1954	Public	15,174	1984–1985 1988–1993 2022–present	GNAC
University of Alaska Fairbanks	Nanooks	Fairbanks, Alaska	1917	Public	6,813	1925–1985 1988–1993 2021–present	GNAC
Lindenwood University	Lions	St. Charles, Missouri	1827	Private	6,491	2022–present	Ohio Valley Conference
Stonehill College	Skyhawks	Easton, Massachusetts	1948	Private	2,500	2022–present	Northeast Conference

1. Enrollment at the main Tempe campus. ASU has four physical campuses in the Phoenix area, plus a large online operation. The combined on-campus enrollment is 80,065, and the overall enrollment is 142,616.
2. Combined entollment at LIU's Brooklyn and Post (Brookville) campuses. The hockey team is open to undergraduates at both campuses who meet NCAA eligibility requirements.

 

 

Arizona State

 

LIU

 

Lindenwood

 

Stonehill

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NCAA Division I independents within the Contiguous United States

 

 

Alaska Anchorage

 

Alaska

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NCAA Division I independents in Alaska

Alaska played infrequently as an independent program prior to 1985. It returned to independent status after the Great West Hockey Conference dissolved in 1988 and then joined the CCHA in 1995. The team was one of two final members of the men's division of the WCHA in 2021 and formally dissolved the men's side of the conference in 2021 (the WCHA remains in operation as a women-only league).^[3]

Alaska-Anchorage first moved to D1 status in hockey in 1984, and played its first couple years as an independent before joining the newly founded GWHC alongside the Nanooks. After it dissolved, the Seawolves also played as an independent before joining the WCHA in 1994, around the same time Alaska joined the nearby CCHA. In 2020, the University of Alaska announced that UAA hockey would be cut after the 2020-21 season due to a reduction in state funding unless the program could raise 3 million dollars, and the program went on hiatus that year while its future was uncertain.^[4] Ultimately, the program was saved, and it returned to play in the 2022-23 season as an independent, following the dissolution of the men's side of its former conference, the WCHA.^[5]

The Sun Devils moved up from club hockey in the ACHA to full varsity status. Arizona State began playing a full Division I schedule in 2016–17.

The LIU Sharks launched their men's program for the 2020–21 season, a year after starting a women's ice hockey program.

With the 2020–21 season dramatically impacted by COVID-19, both Arizona State and LIU were in scheduling alliances with Division I conferences for that season, respectively with the Big Ten Conference^[6] and Atlantic Hockey.^[2]

In 2021–22, Lindenwood fielded two separate men's club teams, each playing at a different level of the American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA), which governs the sport at club level. On March 23, 2022, Lindenwood announced that it would launch a Division I men's varsity program starting in the 2022–23 season, while maintaining its ACHA program. This announcement came shortly after the school announced it was starting a transition from Division II to Division I in July 2022, joining the non-hockey Ohio Valley Conference.^[7]

On April 5, 2022, Stonehill, then a member of the D-II Northeast-10 Conference (NE-10), announced it was joining the Northeast Conference (which also does not sponsor ice hockey) that July, starting its own transition to D-I. Before this announcement, Stonehill had been one of seven NE-10 members that played men's ice hockey under Division II regulations, despite the NCAA not sponsoring a championship event at that level. (All other D-II schools with varsity men's ice hockey play under D-I regulations.)^[8]

On July 5, 2023, the National Collegiate Hockey Conference announced that Arizona State would join the conference beginning with the 2024-25 season.^[9]

Women

No women's program has competed as an independent in the National Collegiate division of women's ice hockey, the de facto equivalent of Division I in that sport, since the 2018–19 season. The NCAA has never sponsored a Division II championship in the sport, although it does sponsor a Division III championship.

Five schools competed as independents in the 2018–19 season, all participating in the nascent New England Women's Hockey Alliance (NEWHA), which had originally been established in 2017 as a scheduling alliance among all of the then-current National Collegiate independents. The NEWHA initially included six schools, but Holy Cross left after the inaugural 2017–18 NEWHA season to join Hockey East. The NEWHA officially organized as a conference in advance of the 2018–19 season,^[10] but was not officially recognized by the NCAA as a Division I league until the 2019–20 season, by which time the newly launched LIU program had joined as the sixth member.^[11]

The newest National Collegiate hockey school is Assumption, which joined the NEWHA for administrative purposes in 2022 but did not start conference play until launching its varsity team a year later.^[12] Also, Robert Morris, which had dropped the sport after the 2020–21 season due to COVID-19 impacts, resumed play in 2023–24, returning to its previous conference of College Hockey America.^[13]

Arenas

School	Arena	Location	Capacity
Alaska	Carlson Center	Fairbanks, Alaska	4,595
Alaska Anchorage	Seawolf Sports Complex	Anchorage, Alaska	800
Arizona State	Mullett Arena	Tempe, Arizona	5,000
Lindenwood	Centene Community Ice Center	Maryland Heights, Missouri	2,500
LIU	Northwell Health Ice Center	East Meadow, New York	500
Stonehill	Bridgewater Ice Arena	Bridgewater, Massachusetts	1,000

Current programs which were at one point independent

Men

School	Years	Subsequent conference	Notes
Air Force Falcons^[14]	1968–1999	CHA	Joined Atlantic Hockey in 2006
Army Black Knights^[15]	1903–1961 1991–1999	ECAC CHA	Joined Atlantic Hockey in 2000
Bemidji State Beavers^[16]	1947–1950	dropped program	Bemidji returned to Division I in 1999 as a charter member of College Hockey America, and moved to the WCHA for 2010–11. The Beavers were among the schools that revived the CCHA in 2021.
Boston College Eagles^[17]	1917–1961	ECAC	Currently competes in Hockey East
Boston University Terriers^[18]	1917–1943 1945–1961	suspended program ECAC	Currently competes in Hockey East
Brown Bears^[19]	1897–1961	ECAC
Clarkson Golden Knights^[20]	1920–1950	Tri-State League	Clarkson was a member of the Tri-State League concurrently with ECAC from 1961 until the Tri-State's dissolution in 1972.
Colgate Raiders^[21]	1915–1917 1920–1950 1957–1961	dropped program Tri-State League ECAC	Colgate dropped their program in 1951 due to the lack of an indoor facility but returned to the ice in 1957.
Colorado College Tigers^[22]	1937–1951 1958–1959	MCHL WCHA	Joined the National Collegiate Hockey Conference (NCHC) in 2013
Cornell Big Red^[23]	1900–1903 1906–1916 1920–1931 1933–1948 1957–1961	dropped program suspended program suspended program dropped program ECAC
Dartmouth Big Green^[24]	1905–1918 1919–1961	suspended program ECAC
Denver Pioneers^[25]	1949–1951 1958–1959	MCHL WCHA	Joined the NCHC in 2013.
Harvard Crimson^[26]	1897–1917 1918–1943 1945–1961	suspended program suspended program ECAC
UMass Minutemen^[27]	1908–1939 1947–1951 1953–1961 1993–1994	dropped program dropped program ECAC Hockey Hockey East	Joined ECAC 2 in 1964. Dropped program from 1979 until 1993.
Merrimack Warriors^[28]	1956–1961	ECAC Hockey	Joined ECAC 2 in 1964. Returned to Division I in 1989 as a member of Hockey East.
Miami RedHawks^[29]	1978–1980	CCHA	Joined the NCHC in 2013.
Michigan Wolverines^[30]	1922–1951	MCHL	Was also a member of the Big Ten from 1958 through 1981. Moved to CCHA in 1981. Joined the new Big Ten men's hockey league in 2013.
Michigan State Spartans^[31]	1921–1930 1949–1951	dropped program MCHL	Was also a member of the Big Ten from 1958 through 1981. Moved to CCHA in 1981. Joined the new Big Ten men's hockey league in 2013.
Michigan Tech Huskies^[32]	1919–1951 1958–1959	MCHL WCHA	Played in the CCHA from 1981–84. Re-joined the WCHA in 1984; became part of the revived CCHA in 2021.
Minnesota Golden Gophers^[33]	1921–1951	MCHL	Was also a member of the Big Ten from 1958 through 1981. Joined the new Big Ten men's hockey league in 2013.
Minnesota–Duluth Bulldogs^[34]	1930–1932 1946–1949 1961–1965	dropped program MIAC WCHA	Joined the NCHC in 2013.
Minnesota State Mavericks^[35]	1996–1999	WCHA	After moving up from Division II and before joining the WCHA. Became a member of the revived CCHA in 2021.
New Hampshire Wildcats^[36]	1924–1961	ECAC	Currently competes in Hockey East.
Niagara Purple Eagles^[37]	1997–1999	CHA	Niagara began varsity hockey in 1997, and became a charter member of the CHA in 1999. They moved to Atlantic Hockey for 2010–11.
North Dakota Fighting Hawks^[38]	1929–1936 1946–1951 1958–1959	dropped program MCHL WCHA	Joined the NCHC in 2013.
Northeastern Huskies^[39]	1929–1961	ECAC Hockey	Currently competes in Hockey East.
Northern Michigan Wildcats^[40]	1976–1977	CCHA	Joined the WCHA in 2013; joined the revived CCHA in 2021.
Notre Dame Fighting Irish^[41]	1912–1927 1968–1971 1984–1991	dropped program WCHA CCHA	Left the CCHA in 2013 for Hockey East; moved to the Big Ten in 2017.
Ohio State Buckeyes^[42]	1963–1971 1973–1975	CCHA CCHA	Joined the new Big Ten men's hockey league in 2013.
Penn State Nittany Lions	2012–2013	Big Ten	In September 2010, Penn State announced they would add men's and women's NCAA Division I hockey programs in 2012, competing in their first season as an independent.^[43] In March 2011, the Big Ten Conference announced that Michigan, Michigan State, and Ohio State would leave the CCHA, and Minnesota and Wisconsin announced that they would leave the WCHA to form a Big Ten hockey conference to begin play in the 2013–14 season.^[44]
Princeton Tigers^[45]	1899–1961	ECAC
Providence Friars^[46]	1926–1927 1952–1954 1955–1961	dropped program Northeast League ECAC	Currently competes in Hockey East.
RPI Engineers^[47]	1901–1950	Tri-State League	Rensselaer was a member of the Tri-State League concurrently with ECAC from 1961 until the Tri-State's dissolution in 1972.
RIT Tigers^[48]	2005–2006	Atlantic Hockey	Played first year of its probation period after joining Division I as an independent.
Sacred Heart Pioneers^[49]	1993–1998	MAAC
St. Cloud State Huskies^[50]	1931–1942 1946–1961 1987–1990	dropped program College Division WCHA	Dropped their program during World War II. Relegated to second-tier level when the division was formalized in 1961. Joined the NCHC in 2013.
St. Lawrence Saints^[51]	1925–1930 1938–1950	dropped program Tri-State League	St. Lawrence was a member of the Tri-State League concurrently with ECAC from 1961 until the Tri-State's dissolution in 1972.
Union Dutchmen^[52]	1903–1904 1905–1911 1919–1920 1921–1942 1947–1949	dropped program dropped program suspended program suspended program dropped program	Resumed playing in 1975 with ECAC 2. Returned to Division I in 1991 with ECAC Hockey.
Wisconsin Badgers^[53]	1921–1935 1963–1969	dropped program WCHA	Joined the new Big Ten men's hockey league in 2013.
Yale Bulldogs^[54]	1895–1961	ECAC	Yale is the oldest active NCAA program.

Women

School	Years	Subsequent conference	Notes
Clarkson Golden Knights^[55]	2003–2004	ECAC	Played the first year of their program as an independent before joining the ECAC
Franklin Pierce Ravens	2017–2019	NEWHA	Moved from the Division III NEHC in 2017, joining the NEWHA.^[56] Left independent status upon NCAA recognition of the NEWHA.
Holy Cross Crusaders^[57]	2017–2018	Hockey East	After playing as a de facto Division III program from the varsity program's creation in 1999–2000, joined the NEWHA at its formation in 2017–18 before moving to Hockey East the following season.
Lindenwood Lady Lions	2011–2012	CHA	The university competed as an independent for the 2011–12 season during the transition process of joining the NCAA from NAIA, during which, the team was reclassifying from ACHA Division I to NCAA Division I. Lindenwood placed an application in Fall 2011 and was accepted as a member of CHA starting in the 2012–13 season.^[58]
Post Eagles	2017–2019	NEWHA	Played inaugural women's hockey season of 2016–17 as a Division III independent ineligible for postseason play.^[59] Joined the NEWHA at its formation in 2017 and left independent status upon NCAA recognition of the NEWHA.
Quinnipiac Bobcats^[60]	2002–2004	CHA	Left the ECAC after 2002 and spent two years playing as an independent before joining the CHA. They returned to the ECAC after one season in the CHA.
RPI Engineers^[61]	2005–2006	ECAC	Moved up from Division III (where they were a member of the ECAC East) in 2005.
Sacred Heart Pioneers^[62]	2003–2019	NEWHA	Moved from the Division III ECAC East in 2003. Founding member of the NEWHA in 2017; left independent status upon NCAA recognition of that league.
Saint Anselm Hawks	2017–2019	NEWHA	Moved from the Division III NEHC in 2017, joining the NEWHA.^[63] Left independent status upon NCAA recognition of the NEWHA.
Saint Michael's Purple Knights	2017–2019	NEWHA	Moved from the Division III NEHC in 2017, joining the NEWHA.^[64] Left independent status upon NCAA recognition of the NEWHA.
UConn Huskies^[65]	2000–2001	ECAC	Played the first year of their program as an independent before joining the ECAC, and moving to Hockey East in 2002.

Defunct teams

Men

School	Years	Subsequent conference	Notes
Alabama–Huntsville Chargers^[66]	1987–1992 1998–1999 2010–2013	Division II CHA WCHA	The Chargers first competed as a Division I independent between stints in Division II. After winning 2 championships and finishing as runners-up twice more, UAH returned to Division I in 1998, spending one season as an independent before becoming a charter member of College Hockey America. Following the demise of the men's side of CHA, and being denied entry to the CCHA,^[67] the Chargers were independent for three seasons (2010–11 to 2012–13)^[68] until joining the Western Collegiate Hockey Association beginning in the 2013–14 season.^[69] The team was temporarily suspended in 2021. The university currently plans to bring the program back when they secure placement in a Division I conference.
Carnegie Tech Tartans^[70]	1905–1909 1920–1921	Intercollegiate League dropped program	The program was suspended after 1910 when the Intercollegiate League collapsed. The team resurfaced in 1937 in the Penn-Ohio League but discontinued the program in 1940.
Case Rough Riders	1909–1911	dropped program	The team resurfaced in 1938 in the Penn-Ohio League but discontinued the program after the collapse of the conference in 1941.
Columbia Lions	1896–1915 1920–1923 1937–1938	dropped program dropped program dropped program
Johns Hopkins Blue Jays	1894–1898	dropped program	Johns Hopkins played the first two intercollegiate games against Yale in 1896.^[71]
Kent State Golden Flashes ^[72]	1985–1992	CCHA	Program folded in 1994.
Illinois Fighting Illini^[73]	1937–1943	dropped program
UIC Flames^[74]	1981–1982	CCHA	Moved up from Division II in 1981. Program folded in 1996.
MIT Engineers^[75]	1900–1961	ECAC	The program joined the lower-tier division in 1964 and was dropped in 1975.
Northern Arizona Lumberjacks ^[76]^[77]	1980–1985	GWHC	Folded their program after one season in the GWHC due to rink problems.
Penn Quakers^[78]	1896–1899 1900–1901 1908–1911 1919–1924 1928–1930 1958–1967	suspended program dropped program dropped program dropped program dropped program ECAC	Program ended after the 1977-78 season.
Pittsburgh Panthers^[79]	1898–1900 1906–1909	dropped program Intercollegiate League	The program was suspended when the Intercollegiate League collapsed in 1910. The team restarted with the inception of the Penn-Ohio League in 1937 but was suspended after just two seasons.
Saint Louis Billikens^[80]	1970–1971	CCHA	St. Louis was a founding member of the CCHA and continued with the conference until the program was demoted to club status in 1979. They currently play as an unrecognized Division II team.
Syracuse Orange^[81]	1911–1913 1923–1928 1939–1940	dropped program dropped program dropped program
US International Gulls^[77]^[82]	1979–1985	GWHC	Dropped their program in 1988.
Villanova Wildcats^[83]^[84]	1929–1932	dropped program	Returned as a Division III team and later dropped their program again after the 1997–1998 season for Title IX reasons.
Western Reserve Red Cats	1909–1911	dropped program	The team resurfaced in 1937 in the Penn-Ohio League but discontinued the program after the collapse of the conference in 1941.

Women

School	Years	Subsequent conference	Notes
North Dakota Fighting Hawks^[85]	2002–2004	WCHA	Played the first years of their program as an independent before joining the WCHA. Dropped women's ice hockey after the 2016–17 season.^[86]

See also

• List of NCAA Division I ice hockey programs
• NCAA Division I independent schools
• NCAA Division II independent schools (ice hockey)
• NCAA Division III independent schools (ice hockey)

References

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