Administering a 5% sugar solution peri- and postoperatively usually achieves a good balance between starvation reactions and hyperglycemia caused by sympathetic activation. A 10% solution may be more appropriate when the stress response from the reaction has decreased, after approximately one day after surgery. After more than approximately two days, a more complete regimen of total parenteral nutrition is indicated.
In patients with hypernatremia and euvolemia, free water can be replaced using either 5% D/W or 0.45% saline.
In patients with fatty-acid metabolism disorder (FOD), 10% solution may be appropriate upon arrival to the emergency room.
Side effects
Intravenous glucose is used in some Asian countries as a pick-me-up, for "energy", but is not part of routine medical care in the United States where glucose solution is a prescription drug. Asian immigrants to the United States are at risk of infection if they seek intravenous glucose treatment. It may be had at storefront clinics catering to Asian immigrants, despite having no more effect than drinking sugared water. The procedure is commonly called "ringer".[9]
Concentrated dextrose solutions should not be administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, as they can cause cell death via dehydration and subsequent necrosis.
Types
5% glucose in water
Types of glucose/dextrose include:
D5W (5% dextrose in water), which consists of 278 mmol/L dextrose
D5NS (5% dextrose in normal saline), which, in addition, contains normal saline (0.9% w/v of NaCl).
D5 1/2NS 5% dextrose in half amount of normal saline (0.45% w/v of NaCl).[10]
The percentage is a mass percentage (or more precisely, a mass-volume percentage), so a 5% glucose/dextrose solution contains 50 g/L of glucose/dextrose (5g/100ml).
Glucose provides energy 4 kcal/gram, so a 5% glucose solution provides 0.2 kcal/ml. If prepared from dextrose monohydrate, which provides 3.4 kcal/gram, a 5% solution provides 0.17 kcal/ml.[11]
References
^"Dextrose". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
^ abcdefgBritish national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. pp. 683–684. ISBN9780857111562.
^David, Suresh S. (2016). Clinical Pathways in Emergency Medicine. Springer. p. 62. ISBN9788132227106. from the original on 16 January 2017.
^Waldmann, Carl; Soni, Neil; Rhodes, Andrew (2008). Oxford Desk Reference: Critical Care. OUP Oxford. p. 142. ISBN9780199229581. from the original on 16 January 2017.
^Skipper, Annalynn (2012). Dietitian's Handbook of Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 283. ISBN9780763742904. from the original on 16 January 2017.
^Nelms, Marcia; Sucher, Kathryn (2015). Nutrition Therapy and Pathophysiology. Cengage Learning. p. 89. ISBN9781305446007. from the original on 16 January 2017.
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^Jiha Ham (20 March 2015). "A Life Upended After an IV Glucose Treatment Popular Among Asian Immigrants". The New York Times. from the original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015. Although many doctors warn Asian immigrants in New York that the effects of injecting glucose differ little from drinking sugary water, many Asians, especially of older generations, still use the intravenous solution. In their homelands, it is commonly prescribed by doctors as a method to cure colds, fevers and sometimes an upset stomach.
^eMedicine > Hypernatremia: Treatment & Medication 2011-03-02 at the Wayback Machine By Ivo Lukitsch and Trung Q Pham. Updated: Apr 19, 2010
intravenous, sugar, solution, also, known, dextrose, solution, mixture, dextrose, glucose, water, used, treat, blood, sugar, water, loss, without, electrolyte, loss, water, loss, without, electrolyte, loss, occur, fever, hyperthyroidism, high, blood, calcium, . Intravenous sugar solution also known as dextrose solution is a mixture of dextrose glucose and water 1 It is used to treat low blood sugar or water loss without electrolyte loss 2 Water loss without electrolyte loss may occur in fever hyperthyroidism high blood calcium or diabetes insipidus 2 It is also used in the treatment of high blood potassium diabetic ketoacidosis and as part of parenteral nutrition 2 It is given by injection into a vein 2 Intravenous sugar solutionChemical structure of dextroseClinical dataOther namesdextrose solution glucose solutionAHFS Drugs comMonographLicense dataUS DailyMed Dextrose solutionRoutes ofadministrationintravenousATC codeB05BA03 WHO IdentifiersChemSpidernoneUNII5SL0G7R0OKSide effects may include irritation of the vein in which it is given high blood sugar and swelling 2 3 Excess use may result in low blood sodium and other electrolyte problems 2 Intravenous sugar solutions are in the crystalloid family of medications 4 They come in a number of strengths including 5 10 and 50 dextrose 2 While they may start out hypertonic they become hypotonic solutions as the sugar is metabolised 5 Versions are also available mixed with saline 3 Dextrose solutions for medical use became available in the 1920s and 1930s 6 7 It is on the World Health Organization s List of Essential Medicines 8 Contents 1 Medical uses 2 Side effects 3 Types 4 References 5 External linksMedical uses EditAdministering a 5 sugar solution peri and postoperatively usually achieves a good balance between starvation reactions and hyperglycemia caused by sympathetic activation A 10 solution may be more appropriate when the stress response from the reaction has decreased after approximately one day after surgery After more than approximately two days a more complete regimen of total parenteral nutrition is indicated In patients with hypernatremia and euvolemia free water can be replaced using either 5 D W or 0 45 saline In patients with fatty acid metabolism disorder FOD 10 solution may be appropriate upon arrival to the emergency room Side effects EditIntravenous glucose is used in some Asian countries as a pick me up for energy but is not part of routine medical care in the United States where glucose solution is a prescription drug Asian immigrants to the United States are at risk of infection if they seek intravenous glucose treatment It may be had at storefront clinics catering to Asian immigrants despite having no more effect than drinking sugared water The procedure is commonly called ringer 9 Concentrated dextrose solutions should not be administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly as they can cause cell death via dehydration and subsequent necrosis Types Edit 5 glucose in water Types of glucose dextrose include D5W 5 dextrose in water which consists of 278 mmol L dextrose D5NS 5 dextrose in normal saline which in addition contains normal saline 0 9 w v of NaCl D5 1 2NS 5 dextrose in half amount of normal saline 0 45 w v of NaCl 10 D5LR 5 dextrose in lactated Ringer solution D50 50 dextrose in waterThe percentage is a mass percentage or more precisely a mass volume percentage so a 5 glucose dextrose solution contains 50 g L of glucose dextrose 5g 100ml Glucose provides energy 4 kcal gram so a 5 glucose solution provides 0 2 kcal ml If prepared from dextrose monohydrate which provides 3 4 kcal gram a 5 solution provides 0 17 kcal ml 11 References Edit Dextrose The American Society of Health System Pharmacists Archived from the original on 18 January 2017 Retrieved 8 January 2017 a b c d e f g British national formulary BNF 69 69 ed British Medical Association 2015 pp 683 684 ISBN 9780857111562 a b World Health Organization 2009 Stuart MC Kouimtzi M Hill SR eds WHO Model Formulary 2008 World Health Organization p 491 hdl 10665 44053 ISBN 9789241547659 David Suresh S 2016 Clinical Pathways in Emergency Medicine Springer p 62 ISBN 9788132227106 Archived from the original on 16 January 2017 Waldmann Carl Soni Neil Rhodes Andrew 2008 Oxford Desk Reference Critical Care OUP Oxford p 142 ISBN 9780199229581 Archived from the original on 16 January 2017 Skipper Annalynn 2012 Dietitian s Handbook of Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Jones amp Bartlett Publishers p 283 ISBN 9780763742904 Archived from the original on 16 January 2017 Nelms Marcia Sucher Kathryn 2015 Nutrition Therapy and Pathophysiology Cengage Learning p 89 ISBN 9781305446007 Archived from the original on 16 January 2017 World Health Organization 2019 World Health Organization model list of essential medicines 21st list 2019 Geneva World Health Organization hdl 10665 325771 WHO MVP EMP IAU 2019 06 License CC BY NC SA 3 0 IGO Jiha Ham 20 March 2015 A Life Upended After an IV Glucose Treatment Popular Among Asian Immigrants The New York Times Archived from the original on 22 March 2015 Retrieved 21 March 2015 Although many doctors warn Asian immigrants in New York that the effects of injecting glucose differ little from drinking sugary water many Asians especially of older generations still use the intravenous solution In their homelands it is commonly prescribed by doctors as a method to cure colds fevers and sometimes an upset stomach eMedicine gt Hypernatremia Treatment amp Medication Archived 2011 03 02 at the Wayback Machine By Ivo Lukitsch and Trung Q Pham Updated Apr 19 2010 Calculating Parenteral Feedings Archived 2010 12 03 at the Wayback Machine D Chen Maynard at California State University San Bernardino Retrieved September 2010 HSCI 368External links Edit Dextrose Drug Information Portal U S National Library of Medicine Portal Medicine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Intravenous sugar solution amp oldid 1104277045, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
