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Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum

The Thyssen-Bornemisza National Museum (Spanish: Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, pronounced [muˈseo ˈtisem boɾneˈmisa];[a] named after its founder, Baron Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza), or simply the Thyssen, is an art museum in Madrid, Spain, located near the Prado Museum on one of the city's main boulevards. It is known as part of the "Golden Triangle of Art", which also includes the Prado and the Reina Sofía national galleries. The Thyssen-Bornemisza fills the historical gaps in its counterparts' collections: in the Prado's case this includes Italian primitives and works from the English, Dutch and German schools, while in the case of the Reina Sofía it concerns Impressionists, Expressionists, and European and American paintings from the 20th century.

Thyssen-Bornemisza National Museum
Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza
Site of the Retiro and the Prado
Interactive fullscreen map
Established1992 (1992)
LocationPalace of Villahermosa
Paseo del Prado, 8. Madrid, Spain
Coordinates40°24′57.748″N 3°41′41.730″W / 40.41604111°N 3.69492500°W / 40.41604111; -3.69492500
Collection size1,600
Visitors1.052.014 (2017)[1]
FounderHeinrich, Baron Thyssen-Bornemisza de Kászon
DirectorGuillermo Solana (Artistic Director), Evelio Acevedo (Managing Director)
Public transit accessBanco de España
Websitewww.museothyssen.org

With over 1,600 paintings, it was once the second largest private collection in the world after the British Royal Collection.[2] A competition was held to house the core of the collection in 1987–88 after Baron Thyssen, having unsuccessfully sought permission to enlarge his museum in Lugano (Villa Favorita), searched for a better-suited location elsewhere in Europe.

History edit

 
Venus and Cupid holding a mirror, Peter Paul Rubens

The collection was started in the 1920s as a private collection by Heinrich, Baron Thyssen-Bornemisza de Kászon. In a reversal of the movement of European paintings to the US during this period, one of the elder Baron's sources was the collections of American millionaires coping with the Great Depression and inheritance taxes. In this way he acquired old master paintings such as Ghirlandaio's portrait of Giovanna Tornabuoni (once in the Morgan Library) and Carpaccio's Knight (from the collection of Otto Kahn).[2] The collection was later expanded by Heinrich's son Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza (1921–2002),[3] who assembled most of the works from his relatives' collections and proceeded to acquire large numbers of new works (from Gothic art to Lucian Freud).

The collection was initially housed in the family estate in Lugano in a twenty-room building modelled after the Neue Pinakothek in Munich. In 1988, the Baron filed a request for building a further extension designed by British architects James Stirling and Michael Wilford, but the plan was rejected by the Lugano City Council.

In 1985, the Baron married Carmen "Tita" Cervera (a former Miss Spain 1961) and introduced her to art collecting. Cervera's influence was decisive in persuading the Baron to relocate the core of his collection to Spain where the local government had a building available next to the Prado. The Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum officially opened in 1992, under the directorship of Tomás Llorens, showing 715 works of art. A year later, the Spanish Government bought 775 works for $350 million.[4] These pieces are now in the purpose-built museum in Madrid. After the museum opened, in 1999, Cervera loaned 429 works of her own art collection to the museum for 11 years. The loan was renewed annually for free from 2012 to 2021.[4]

The Baroness remains involved with the museum. She personally decided the salmon pink tone of the interior walls and in May 2006, publicly demonstrated against plans of the Mayor of Madrid, Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón to redevelop the Paseo del Prado as she thought the works and traffic would damage the collection and the museum's appearance.

In 2015, the Baroness delayed the annual renewal of her loan while deciding whether or not to temporarily move her collection for a fee to a museum in Barcelona, the United States, or Russia. She eventually decided to keep the collection in Madrid, but in 2017, she again delayed signing the agreement. In 2021, the Ministry of Culture officially finalized an agreement to loan the collection for an annual fee of 6.5 million euros ($7.8 million) over the course of 15 years.[5]

The collection edit

 
Portrait of Giovanna Tornabuoni by Domenico Ghirlandaio, 1489–90

The Old Masters were mainly bought by the elder Baron, while Hans focused more on the 19th and 20th century, resulting in a collection that spans eight centuries of European painting, without claiming to give an all-encompassing view but rather a series of highlights.

 
Saint Sebastian, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, c. 1616-1617.

One of the focal points is the early European painting, with a major collection of trecento and quattrocento (i.e. 14th and 15th century) Italian paintings by Duccio, Luca di Tommè, Bernardo Daddi, Paolo Uccello, Benozzo Gozzoli and his contemporaries, and works of the early Flemish and Dutch painters like Jan van Eyck (Diptich of the Annunciation), Petrus Christus (Madonna of the Dry Tree), Robert Campin, Rogier van der Weyden, Gerard David and Hans Memling.

Other highlights include works by leading Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo painters, including Antonello da Messina (Portrait of a Man), Francesco del Cossa, Bramantino (Christus Dolens), Fra Bartolomeo, Giulio Romano, Giovanni Bellini, Palma il Vecchio, Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese, Jacopo Bassano, Sebastiano del Piombo (Portrait of Ferry Carondelet), Bernardino Luini, Agnolo Bronzino, Domenico Beccafumi, Albrecht Dürer (Christ among the Doctors), Hans Baldung Grien, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Hans Holbein (Portrait of Henry VIII), Albrecht Altdorfer, El Greco, Caravaggio (Saint Catherine), Guercino, Sebastiano Ricci, Rubens, Van Dyck, Murillo, Rembrandt, Frans Hals (Family Portrait in a Landscape), Simon Vouet, Claude Lorrain, Canaletto, Francesco Guardi, Tiepolo, Giambattista Pittoni, Watteau, François Boucher, Chardin, Fragonard, Gainsborough and Pompeo Batoni, as well as two famous portraits by Domenico Ghirlandaio (Giovanna Tornabuoni) and Vittore Carpaccio (Knight in a landscape).

The Museum houses a display of North American paintings from 18th and 19th centuries, including Copley, Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent.

 
Rue Saint-Honoré, dans l'après-midi. Effet de pluie, Camille Pissarro, 1897

The display of the European 19th century starts with works by Francisco Goya, Thomas Lawrence, Delacroix, Géricault, Corot and Courbet. There are Impressionist and Post-Impressionist works by the artists Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, Berthe Morisot, Pierre Bonnard, Toulouse-Lautrec, Paul Gauguin, Cézanne, and Vincent van Gogh. The large collection of twentieth century modern art includes Cubist works by Picasso, Braque and Juan Gris, as well as paintings by Edvard Munch, Egon Schiele, James Ensor, Kandinsky, Salvador Dalí, Paul Klee, Chagall, Magritte, Piet Mondrian, Edward Hopper, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Roy Lichtenstein, Willem de Kooning and Francis Bacon. The selection of German Expressionism is extensive, and includes Emil Nolde, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, August Macke, Max Beckmann, George Grosz, and Otto Dix.

A collection of works from the museum (Fra Angelico, Cranach, Titian, Canaletto, Rubens) is housed in Barcelona in the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya.

One painting, Rue Saint-Honoré in the Afternoon, Effect of Rain by Camille Pissarro, belonged to a Jewish woman, Lilly Cassirer who was compelled by a Nazi official to sell it under duress for an exit visa to escape Nazi Germany[6] shortly after Kristallnacht in 1939.[7] In 1958, a German court awarded Lilly Cassirer Neubauer compensation of DM 120,000, the fair market value for the work. By 2015, her descendants had filed a lawsuit against the museum, on the grounds that it was looted by the Nazis.[7][8] On May 1, 2019, a California judge determined that the museum held the right to keep the painting.[9] The case was heard before the United States Supreme Court on January 18, 2022.[10]

Selected collection highlights edit

Sales edit

In 2011, due to "a lack of liquid funds", Cervera decided to sell The Lock by the English artist John Constable.[11][12] The painting, which belonged to her private collection, was sold in London the following year for £22.4 million, more than doubling the price paid for it in 1990.[13]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ In isolation, Thyssen is pronounced [ˈtisen].

Further reading edit

  • José Manuel Pita Andrade & María del Mar Barochia Guerrero. Maestros antiguos del Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza. 1994. 3a ed. Lunwerg editores. 1994. 815 pp. ISBN 84-88474-02-4

References edit

  1. ^ "Visitor Figures 2015" (PDF). The Art Newspaper. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  2. ^ a b Jonathan Kandell, "Baron Thyssen-Bornemisza, Industrialist Who Built Fabled Art Collection, Dies at 81," New York Times, 28 April 2002.
  3. ^ Tomàs, Llorens (1998). Guide to the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum. Laura Suffield (trans.) (2nd ed.). Spain: Lunwerg editores SA. ISBN 84-88474-48-2.
  4. ^ a b Laurie Rojas (February 2, 2015), Thyssen-Bornemisza keeps Spain in suspense over loan 2015-02-04 at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper.
  5. ^ Shanti Escalante-De Mattei (June 29, 2021), Spain Finalizes Agreement to Pay to Keep Baroness Thyssen's Collection in Madrid ARTnews.
  6. ^ Cascone, Sarah (6 December 2016). "Art and Law Case Over $30 Million Camille Pissarro Painting Comes to a Head in Appeals Court". Artnet.com. Artnet Worldwide Corp. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  7. ^ a b Torok, Ryan (December 12, 2016). "Pasadena trial focuses on Nazi-looted masterpiece". The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
  8. ^ "A Spanish museum may have the legal right to keep art stolen by the Nazis. That doesn't mean it should". Los Angeles Times. 2016-12-14. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
  9. ^ "Judge rules museum 'rightfully owns' Nazi-looted painting". BBC News. May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  10. ^ Sneed, Tierney (18 January 2022). "Pissarro painting confiscated by Nazis at center of Supreme Court arguments". CNN. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  11. ^ Brown, Mark (2012). "John Constable's The Lock to be sold at auction". The Guardian. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
  12. ^ Garcia, Angeles (2012). "No soy gastosa. Los ricos también están en crisis". Retrieved June 23, 2012.
  13. ^ "Constable's The Lock sells for a record £22.4million". The Telegraph.

External links edit

  • Official website
  • EducaThyssen website of the Research and Further Studies Department
  • Virtual tour of the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum provided by Google Arts & Culture
  •   Media related to Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza at Wikimedia Commons

thyssen, bornemisza, museum, thyssen, bornemisza, national, museum, spanish, museo, nacional, thyssen, bornemisza, pronounced, muˈseo, ˈtisem, boɾneˈmisa, named, after, founder, baron, heinrich, thyssen, bornemisza, simply, thyssen, museum, madrid, spain, loca. The Thyssen Bornemisza National Museum Spanish Museo Nacional Thyssen Bornemisza pronounced muˈseo ˈtisem boɾneˈmisa a named after its founder Baron Heinrich Thyssen Bornemisza or simply the Thyssen is an art museum in Madrid Spain located near the Prado Museum on one of the city s main boulevards It is known as part of the Golden Triangle of Art which also includes the Prado and the Reina Sofia national galleries The Thyssen Bornemisza fills the historical gaps in its counterparts collections in the Prado s case this includes Italian primitives and works from the English Dutch and German schools while in the case of the Reina Sofia it concerns Impressionists Expressionists and European and American paintings from the 20th century Thyssen Bornemisza National MuseumMuseo Nacional Thyssen BornemiszaSite of the Retiro and the PradoInteractive fullscreen mapEstablished1992 1992 LocationPalace of Villahermosa Paseo del Prado 8 Madrid SpainCoordinates40 24 57 748 N 3 41 41 730 W 40 41604111 N 3 69492500 W 40 41604111 3 69492500Collection size1 600Visitors1 052 014 2017 1 FounderHeinrich Baron Thyssen Bornemisza de KaszonDirectorGuillermo Solana Artistic Director Evelio Acevedo Managing Director Public transit accessBanco de EspanaWebsitewww museothyssen org With over 1 600 paintings it was once the second largest private collection in the world after the British Royal Collection 2 A competition was held to house the core of the collection in 1987 88 after Baron Thyssen having unsuccessfully sought permission to enlarge his museum in Lugano Villa Favorita searched for a better suited location elsewhere in Europe Contents 1 History 2 The collection 3 Selected collection highlights 4 Sales 5 See also 6 Notes 7 Further reading 8 References 9 External linksHistory edit nbsp Venus and Cupid holding a mirror Peter Paul Rubens The collection was started in the 1920s as a private collection by Heinrich Baron Thyssen Bornemisza de Kaszon In a reversal of the movement of European paintings to the US during this period one of the elder Baron s sources was the collections of American millionaires coping with the Great Depression and inheritance taxes In this way he acquired old master paintings such as Ghirlandaio s portrait of Giovanna Tornabuoni once in the Morgan Library and Carpaccio s Knight from the collection of Otto Kahn 2 The collection was later expanded by Heinrich s son Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen Bornemisza 1921 2002 3 who assembled most of the works from his relatives collections and proceeded to acquire large numbers of new works from Gothic art to Lucian Freud The collection was initially housed in the family estate in Lugano in a twenty room building modelled after the Neue Pinakothek in Munich In 1988 the Baron filed a request for building a further extension designed by British architects James Stirling and Michael Wilford but the plan was rejected by the Lugano City Council In 1985 the Baron married Carmen Tita Cervera a former Miss Spain 1961 and introduced her to art collecting Cervera s influence was decisive in persuading the Baron to relocate the core of his collection to Spain where the local government had a building available next to the Prado The Thyssen Bornemisza Museum officially opened in 1992 under the directorship of Tomas Llorens showing 715 works of art A year later the Spanish Government bought 775 works for 350 million 4 These pieces are now in the purpose built museum in Madrid After the museum opened in 1999 Cervera loaned 429 works of her own art collection to the museum for 11 years The loan was renewed annually for free from 2012 to 2021 4 The Baroness remains involved with the museum She personally decided the salmon pink tone of the interior walls and in May 2006 publicly demonstrated against plans of the Mayor of Madrid Alberto Ruiz Gallardon to redevelop the Paseo del Prado as she thought the works and traffic would damage the collection and the museum s appearance In 2015 the Baroness delayed the annual renewal of her loan while deciding whether or not to temporarily move her collection for a fee to a museum in Barcelona the United States or Russia She eventually decided to keep the collection in Madrid but in 2017 she again delayed signing the agreement In 2021 the Ministry of Culture officially finalized an agreement to loan the collection for an annual fee of 6 5 million euros 7 8 million over the course of 15 years 5 The collection edit nbsp Portrait of Giovanna Tornabuoni by Domenico Ghirlandaio 1489 90 The Old Masters were mainly bought by the elder Baron while Hans focused more on the 19th and 20th century resulting in a collection that spans eight centuries of European painting without claiming to give an all encompassing view but rather a series of highlights nbsp Saint Sebastian Gian Lorenzo Bernini c 1616 1617 One of the focal points is the early European painting with a major collection of trecento and quattrocento i e 14th and 15th century Italian paintings by Duccio Luca di Tomme Bernardo Daddi Paolo Uccello Benozzo Gozzoli and his contemporaries and works of the early Flemish and Dutch painters like Jan van Eyck Diptich of the Annunciation Petrus Christus Madonna of the Dry Tree Robert Campin Rogier van der Weyden Gerard David and Hans Memling Other highlights include works by leading Renaissance Baroque and Rococo painters including Antonello da Messina Portrait of a Man Francesco del Cossa Bramantino Christus Dolens Fra Bartolomeo Giulio Romano Giovanni Bellini Palma il Vecchio Titian Tintoretto Veronese Jacopo Bassano Sebastiano del Piombo Portrait of Ferry Carondelet Bernardino Luini Agnolo Bronzino Domenico Beccafumi Albrecht Durer Christ among the Doctors Hans Baldung Grien Lucas Cranach the Elder Hans Holbein Portrait of Henry VIII Albrecht Altdorfer El Greco Caravaggio Saint Catherine Guercino Sebastiano Ricci Rubens Van Dyck Murillo Rembrandt Frans Hals Family Portrait in a Landscape Simon Vouet Claude Lorrain Canaletto Francesco Guardi Tiepolo Giambattista Pittoni Watteau Francois Boucher Chardin Fragonard Gainsborough and Pompeo Batoni as well as two famous portraits by Domenico Ghirlandaio Giovanna Tornabuoni and Vittore Carpaccio Knight in a landscape The Museum houses a display of North American paintings from 18th and 19th centuries including Copley Winslow Homer John Singer Sargent nbsp Rue Saint Honore dans l apres midi Effet de pluie Camille Pissarro 1897 The display of the European 19th century starts with works by Francisco Goya Thomas Lawrence Delacroix Gericault Corot and Courbet There are Impressionist and Post Impressionist works by the artists Claude Monet Auguste Renoir Edgar Degas Camille Pissarro Alfred Sisley Berthe Morisot Pierre Bonnard Toulouse Lautrec Paul Gauguin Cezanne and Vincent van Gogh The large collection of twentieth century modern art includes Cubist works by Picasso Braque and Juan Gris as well as paintings by Edvard Munch Egon Schiele James Ensor Kandinsky Salvador Dali Paul Klee Chagall Magritte Piet Mondrian Edward Hopper Jackson Pollock Mark Rothko Roy Lichtenstein Willem de Kooning and Francis Bacon The selection of German Expressionism is extensive and includes Emil Nolde Ernst Ludwig Kirchner August Macke Max Beckmann George Grosz and Otto Dix A collection of works from the museum Fra Angelico Cranach Titian Canaletto Rubens is housed in Barcelona in the Museu Nacional d Art de Catalunya One painting Rue Saint Honore in the Afternoon Effect of Rain by Camille Pissarro belonged to a Jewish woman Lilly Cassirer who was compelled by a Nazi official to sell it under duress for an exit visa to escape Nazi Germany 6 shortly after Kristallnacht in 1939 7 In 1958 a German court awarded Lilly Cassirer Neubauer compensation of DM 120 000 the fair market value for the work By 2015 her descendants had filed a lawsuit against the museum on the grounds that it was looted by the Nazis 7 8 On May 1 2019 a California judge determined that the museum held the right to keep the painting 9 The case was heard before the United States Supreme Court on January 18 2022 10 Selected collection highlights edit nbsp Christ and the Samaritan Maesta Duccio nbsp Flowers in a Jug Hans Memling nbsp Annunciation van Eyck Madrid nbsp Madonna of the Dry Tree Petrus Christus nbsp Christ among the Doctors Durer nbsp Young Knight in a Landscape Vittore Carpaccio nbsp Portrait of a lady Hans Baldung Grien nbsp Portrait of Henry VIII Hans Holbein nbsp The Nymph of the Fountain Lucas Cranach the Elder nbsp Portrait of Jacques Le Roy Anthony van Dyck nbsp Saint Sebastian Bronzino nbsp Portrait of Dux Francesco Venier Titian nbsp Santa Casilda Zurbaran nbsp Annunciation El Greco Museo Thyssen Bornemisza nbsp Saint Catherine Caravaggio nbsp Self portrait wearing a Hat and two Chains Rembrandt nbsp Family Group in a Landscape Frans Hals nbsp Vase with flowers Balthasar van der Ast nbsp The Piazza San Marco in Venice Canaletto nbsp The See Saw Jean Honore Fragonard nbsp Swaying Dancer Dancer in Green Edgar Degas nbsp Woman with a Parasol in a Garden Pierre Auguste Renoir nbsp The Thaw at Vetheuil Claude Monet nbsp Les Vessenots a Auvers Vincent van Gogh nbsp Seated Man Paul Cezanne nbsp Mata Mua Paul Gauguin nbsp La Rousse in a White Blouse Henri de Toulouse Lautrec nbsp Portrait of Millicent Leveson Gower Duchess of Sutherland John Singer Sargent nbsp Franzi before a carved chair Ernst Ludwig Kirchner nbsp The dream Franz Marc nbsp Hauser am Fluss Egon Schiele nbsp Quappi in Pink Jumper Max Beckmann nbsp Metropolis George Grosz nbsp Girl at a Sewing Machine Edward HopperSales editIn 2011 due to a lack of liquid funds Cervera decided to sell The Lock by the English artist John Constable 11 12 The painting which belonged to her private collection was sold in London the following year for 22 4 million more than doubling the price paid for it in 1990 13 See also editCarmen Thyssen Museum Thyssen familyNotes edit In isolation Thyssen is pronounced ˈtisen Further reading editJose Manuel Pita Andrade amp Maria del Mar Barochia Guerrero Maestros antiguos del Museo Thyssen Bornemisza 1994 3a ed Lunwerg editores 1994 815 pp ISBN 84 88474 02 4References edit Visitor Figures 2015 PDF The Art Newspaper Retrieved 1 December 2016 a b Jonathan Kandell Baron Thyssen Bornemisza Industrialist Who Built Fabled Art Collection Dies at 81 New York Times 28 April 2002 Tomas Llorens 1998 Guide to the Thyssen Bornemisza Museum Laura Suffield trans 2nd ed Spain Lunwerg editores SA ISBN 84 88474 48 2 a b Laurie Rojas February 2 2015 Thyssen Bornemisza keeps Spain in suspense over loan Archived 2015 02 04 at the Wayback Machine The Art Newspaper Shanti Escalante De Mattei June 29 2021 Spain Finalizes Agreement to Pay to Keep Baroness Thyssen s Collection in Madrid ARTnews Cascone Sarah 6 December 2016 Art and Law Case Over 30 Million Camille Pissarro Painting Comes to a Head in Appeals Court Artnet com Artnet Worldwide Corp Retrieved 5 May 2017 a b Torok Ryan December 12 2016 Pasadena trial focuses on Nazi looted masterpiece The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles Retrieved December 13 2016 A Spanish museum may have the legal right to keep art stolen by the Nazis That doesn t mean it should Los Angeles Times 2016 12 14 ISSN 0458 3035 Retrieved 2017 04 24 Judge rules museum rightfully owns Nazi looted painting BBC News May 2019 Retrieved 1 May 2019 Sneed Tierney 18 January 2022 Pissarro painting confiscated by Nazis at center of Supreme Court arguments CNN Retrieved 2022 01 25 Brown Mark 2012 John Constable s The Lock to be sold at auction The Guardian Retrieved June 23 2012 Garcia Angeles 2012 No soy gastosa Los ricos tambien estan en crisis Retrieved June 23 2012 Constable s The Lock sells for a record 22 4million The Telegraph External links editOfficial website EducaThyssen website of the Research and Further Studies Department Virtual tour of the Thyssen Bornemisza Museum provided by Google Arts amp Culture nbsp Media related to Museo Thyssen Bornemisza at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thyssen Bornemisza Museum amp oldid 1221180529, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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