ʿAbū ʿAbdullāh Muhammad Ibn ʿAbū Yazīd Tayfūr Sajāvandī Ghaznavī (Persian: ابو عبدالله محمد ابن ابو یزید طیفور سجاوندی غزنوی), also known as Abū al-Fazl as-Sajāwandī al-Qāriʾ[1] (Arabic: أبو الفضل السجاوندي القارئ) (died 1165 CE or 560 AH)[2] was a 12th-century Islamic scholar, mystic, Qāriʾ and theologian. He is primarily known for his contributions to the Islamic traditions of recitation and pronunciation, creating a set of rules and markers used to indicate the pronunciation and pauses of Quranic recital, known as Sajawandi stop signs or Rumuz al-Awqaf as-Sajāwandī.[3] He is also credited as being the first known person to use coloured circles as a means of separating verses in the Quran,[4] a design choice which has persisted til today, with the addition of a verse number inside of the circle. In Persian, the term muṣ·ḥaf sajāwandī مُصْحَف سَجَاوَنْدِي ("a Sajawandi book/ mus'haf") may today be used to denote an elegantly written Quran,[5] accounting for the association between Sajawandi and his use of lavish red and golden dots as pause markers.[4] His son Ahmad ibn Muhammad Sajawandi was also a well-known chronicler, commentator on the Quran, poet and orator.[6]
His full name is Abu'l Fazl Muḥammad Ibn Ṭayfūr SajāwandīGhaznavī (Persian: ابوالفضل محمد ابن طیفور سجاوندی غزنوی), though in short form he is commonly known simply by this nasabIbn Ṭayfūr ("son of Tayfour") Sajāwandī. Sajāwandī and Ghaznavī are his nisbahs meaning "from/ of Sajawand" and "from/ of Ghazna", respectively. He is known by a number of teknonyms, mainly ʿAbū al-Fazl meaning "father of al-Fazl", ʿAbū ʿAbdullāh meaning "father of Abdullah" and ʿAbū Jaʿfar meaning "father of Ja'far". He is likewise attested with a number of honorifics such as Shams ad-Dīn (Arabic: شمس الدين "Sun of the Islamic Faith"), Burhān ud-Dīn (Arabic: برهان الدین "Proof/ Witness of the Islamic Faith")[7] and Shams ul-'Ārefīn (Persian/ Perso-Arabic: شمس العارفین "Sun of the Saints").[1]
Lifeedit
He was born in the town of Sajawand in the Ghaznavid Empire at the end of the 11th century. Little of his life is known, however while being noted mainly for his work in tajwid as well as his Quranic recitation manuals, he has also been remembered as a noteworthy mystic, earning him honorifics such as Imām al-Zamān, Shams ad-Dīn and Shams ul-'Ārefīn.[8] This suggests that he must have had quite a large following during his lifetime. He would've been a contemporary with Sana'i, however it is not known if he likewise had any association to the court of Bahram Shah (who ruled 1117-1157 CE). He was part of a line of influential Ghaznavid-era imams from Sajawand, with a certain Imam Yunus Sajawandi appearing in the Jawami ul-Hikayat wa Lawami ur-Riwayat of Muhammad Aufi as an influential figure at the court of Ibrahim of Ghazna (ruling 1059-99 CE)[9] only two generation before. Out of his four known sons, Imam Ahmad Sajawandi as well as his grand-nephew Imam Siraj ud-Din Muhammad Sajawandi were also religious leaders and great scholars in their own right.
Signs of Sajawandiedit
Sajawandi, in his book Kitāb al-Waqf wa al-Ibtidāʾ, identified five degrees to which recommendation to whether or not pausing in-between recited sentences may alter the understood meaning of the section of text or not. Summarizing these five recommendations, he set a sign to each of them for the Qāriʾ to have as a reminder when reciting each Quranic sentence, including a sixth sign for situations where stopping is prohibited.[3]
ط : An abbreviation of the word waqf muṭ·laq وَقْف مُطْلَق (universal stop). It implies that the statement stands completed at this point. Therefore, it is better to stop here.
ج : An abbreviation of the word waqf jā’iz وَقْف جَائِز (permissible stop) and it implies that it is permissible to stop here.
ز : An abbreviation of waqfmujawwaz وَقْف مُجَوَّز (permitted stop), which implies that stopping here is permissible but that it is better not to.
ص : An abbreviation of waqfmurakh·khas وَقْف مُرَخَّص (dispensation stop), which implies that the statement has not yet been completed but that, because the sentence has become long, this is the place to breathe and stop rather than elsewhere.
م : An abbreviation of waqflāzim وَقْف لَازِم (mandatory stop), which means that if a stop is not made an outrageous distortion in the meaning of the verse is possible. Some phoneticians of the Quran have also called this type of stop a waqfwājib وَقْف وَاجِب (obligatory stop). Note that wājib (وَاجِب) here is not a legal term and therefore does not entail sin if it is abandoned. The purpose of the term is to stress that stopping here is the most preferable of all stops.
لا : An abbreviation of la taqif/ la tawaqqif' لَا تَوَقِّف (lit. do not stop). It indicates that one should not stop at this sign but does not imply that stopping is completely impermissible, since there are certain places bearing this sign where stopping entails no harm and resuming from the following word is also permissible. Therefore, the correct meaning of this sign is: “If a stop is made here, it is better to go back and read over again. Initiation from the next word is not preferred.
Worksedit
Kitāb al-Waqf wa al-Ibtidāʾ (Book of the Stop and Commencement, کتاب الوقف و الابتداء)
Gharāʾib al-Qurʾān (Oddities of the Quran, غرائب القرآن)
ʿIlal al-Qurʾān or Jāmiʿ al-Wuqūf wa al-Āy (Reasons of the Quran or Collection of the Stops and the Specifics, علل القرآن / جامع الوقوف والآي)
Maʿrefa ʾAḥzāb al-Qurʾān wa ʾAnsāfah wa ʾArbāʿah wa ʾajzāʾah (Introduction to the Parts of the Quran and its Divisions, Quarters and Components, معرفه أحزاب القرآن وأنصافه وأرباعه وأجزائه)
ʿAyn al-Maʿānī Fī Tafsīr al-Kitāb al-Azīz wa as-Sabʿi al-Mathānī (The Essential Significance of Commentary on the Great Book and its First Seven Chapters, عين المعاني في تفسیر الکتاب العزيز والسبع المثاني)
Referencesedit
^ abقرآن, خبرگزاری بین المللی (2 May 2009). "بررسی امپراطوری غور و تمدن اسلامی در اين دوره". iqna.ir | خبرگزاری بین المللی قرآن (in Persian). Retrieved 2018-05-01.
^Dogan, Recep (2015-07-07). Usul al-Fiqh: Methodology of Islamic Jurisprudence. Tughra Books. ISBN9781597848763.
^ abc"The Preservation of the Quran". IlmGate. 2010-11-06. Retrieved 2018-05-02.
^ abJoseph, Steingass, Francis (1892). "A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary, Including the Arabic Words and Phrases to be Met with in Persian Literature". dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2018-05-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Joseph, Steingass, Francis (1892). "A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary, Including the Arabic Words and Phrases to be Met with in Persian Literature". dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2018-05-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Keene, H.G. (1894). An Oriental Biographical Dictionary. London: W. H. Allen & Co. p. 235.
^Hand-list of Oriental Manuscripts(PDF). Edinburgh: The Aberdeen University Press. 1898. p. 81.
^"الذّريعة إلى تصانيف الشّيعة ط اسماعیلیان - الطهراني، آقا بزرك - مکتبة مدرسة الفقاهة". ar.lib.eshia.ir. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
^"PHI Persian Literature in Translation". persian.packhum.org. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
January 01, 1970
muhammad, tayfour, sajawandi, ʿabū, ʿabdullāh, muhammad, ʿabū, yazīd, tayfūr, sajāvandī, ghaznavī, persian, ابو, عبدالله, محمد, ابن, ابو, یزید, طیفور, سجاوندی, غزنوی, also, known, abū, fazl, sajāwandī, qāriʾ, arabic, أبو, الفضل, السجاوندي, القارئ, died, 1165, . ʿAbu ʿAbdullah Muhammad Ibn ʿAbu Yazid Tayfur Sajavandi Ghaznavi Persian ابو عبدالله محمد ابن ابو یزید طیفور سجاوندی غزنوی also known as Abu al Fazl as Sajawandi al Qariʾ 1 Arabic أبو الفضل السجاوندي القارئ died 1165 CE or 560 AH 2 was a 12th century Islamic scholar mystic Qariʾ and theologian He is primarily known for his contributions to the Islamic traditions of recitation and pronunciation creating a set of rules and markers used to indicate the pronunciation and pauses of Quranic recital known as Sajawandi stop signs or Rumuz al Awqaf as Sajawandi 3 He is also credited as being the first known person to use coloured circles as a means of separating verses in the Quran 4 a design choice which has persisted til today with the addition of a verse number inside of the circle In Persian the term muṣ ḥaf sajawandi م ص ح ف س ج او ن د ي a Sajawandi book mus haf may today be used to denote an elegantly written Quran 5 accounting for the association between Sajawandi and his use of lavish red and golden dots as pause markers 4 His son Ahmad ibn Muhammad Sajawandi was also a well known chronicler commentator on the Quran poet and orator 6 Shams ul ArefinAbu l Fazl Ibn Tayfour SajawandiBornlate 11th century CESajawand Zabulistan Ghaznavid Empire modern day Afghanistan Died1165 CEAcademic workMain interestsTajwid SufismNotable worksKitab al Waqf wa al Ibtidaʾ Jamiʿ al Wuquf wa al Ay Contents 1 Name 2 Life 3 Signs of Sajawandi 4 Works 5 ReferencesName editHis full name is Abu l Fazl Muḥammad Ibn Ṭayfur Sajawandi Ghaznavi Persian ابوالفضل محمد ابن طیفور سجاوندی غزنوی though in short form he is commonly known simply by this nasab Ibn Ṭayfur son of Tayfour Sajawandi Sajawandi and Ghaznavi are his nisbahs meaning from of Sajawand and from of Ghazna respectively He is known by a number of teknonyms mainly ʿAbu al Fazl meaning father of al Fazl ʿAbu ʿAbdullah meaning father of Abdullah and ʿAbu Jaʿfar meaning father of Ja far He is likewise attested with a number of honorifics such as Shams ad Din Arabic شمس الدين Sun of the Islamic Faith Burhan ud Din Arabic برهان الدین Proof Witness of the Islamic Faith 7 and Shams ul Arefin Persian Perso Arabic شمس العارفین Sun of the Saints 1 Life editHe was born in the town of Sajawand in the Ghaznavid Empire at the end of the 11th century Little of his life is known however while being noted mainly for his work in tajwid as well as his Quranic recitation manuals he has also been remembered as a noteworthy mystic earning him honorifics such as Imam al Zaman Shams ad Din and Shams ul Arefin 8 This suggests that he must have had quite a large following during his lifetime He would ve been a contemporary with Sana i however it is not known if he likewise had any association to the court of Bahram Shah who ruled 1117 1157 CE He was part of a line of influential Ghaznavid era imams from Sajawand with a certain Imam Yunus Sajawandi appearing in the Jawami ul Hikayat wa Lawami ur Riwayat of Muhammad Aufi as an influential figure at the court of Ibrahim of Ghazna ruling 1059 99 CE 9 only two generation before Out of his four known sons Imam Ahmad Sajawandi as well as his grand nephew Imam Siraj ud Din Muhammad Sajawandi were also religious leaders and great scholars in their own right Signs of Sajawandi editSajawandi in his book Kitab al Waqf wa al Ibtidaʾ identified five degrees to which recommendation to whether or not pausing in between recited sentences may alter the understood meaning of the section of text or not Summarizing these five recommendations he set a sign to each of them for the Qariʾ to have as a reminder when reciting each Quranic sentence including a sixth sign for situations where stopping is prohibited 3 These six signs can be summarized thusly 3 ط An abbreviation of the word waqf muṭ laq و ق ف م ط ل ق universal stop It implies that the statement stands completed at this point Therefore it is better to stop here ج An abbreviation of the word waqf ja iz و ق ف ج ائ ز permissible stop and it implies that it is permissible to stop here ز An abbreviation of waqf mujawwaz و ق ف م ج و ز permitted stop which implies that stopping here is permissible but that it is better not to ص An abbreviation of waqf murakh khas و ق ف م ر خ ص dispensation stop which implies that the statement has not yet been completed but that because the sentence has become long this is the place to breathe and stop rather than elsewhere م An abbreviation of waqf lazim و ق ف ل از م mandatory stop which means that if a stop is not made an outrageous distortion in the meaning of the verse is possible Some phoneticians of the Quran have also called this type of stop a waqf wajib و ق ف و اج ب obligatory stop Note that wajib و اج ب here is not a legal term and therefore does not entail sin if it is abandoned The purpose of the term is to stress that stopping here is the most preferable of all stops لا An abbreviation of la taqif la tawaqqif ل ا ت و ق ف lit do not stop It indicates that one should not stop at this sign but does not imply that stopping is completely impermissible since there are certain places bearing this sign where stopping entails no harm and resuming from the following word is also permissible Therefore the correct meaning of this sign is If a stop is made here it is better to go back and read over again Initiation from the next word is not preferred Works editKitab al Waqf wa al Ibtidaʾ Book of the Stop and Commencement کتاب الوقف و الابتداء Gharaʾib al Qurʾan Oddities of the Quran غرائب القرآن ʿIlal al Qurʾan or Jamiʿ al Wuquf wa al Ay Reasons of the Quran or Collection of the Stops and the Specifics علل القرآن جامع الوقوف والآي Maʿrefa ʾAḥzab al Qurʾan wa ʾAnsafah wa ʾArbaʿah wa ʾajzaʾah Introduction to the Parts of the Quran and its Divisions Quarters and Components معرفه أحزاب القرآن وأنصافه وأرباعه وأجزائه ʿAyn al Maʿani Fi Tafsir al Kitab al Aziz wa as Sabʿi al Mathani The Essential Significance of Commentary on the Great Book and its First Seven Chapters عين المعاني في تفسیر الکتاب العزيز والسبع المثاني References edit a b قرآن خبرگزاری بین المللی 2 May 2009 بررسی امپراطوری غور و تمدن اسلامی در اين دوره iqna ir خبرگزاری بین المللی قرآن in Persian Retrieved 2018 05 01 Dogan Recep 2015 07 07 Usul al Fiqh Methodology of Islamic Jurisprudence Tughra Books ISBN 9781597848763 a b c The Preservation of the Quran IlmGate 2010 11 06 Retrieved 2018 05 02 a b Joseph Steingass Francis 1892 A Comprehensive Persian English Dictionary Including the Arabic Words and Phrases to be Met with in Persian Literature dsalsrv02 uchicago edu Retrieved 2018 05 12 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Joseph Steingass Francis 1892 A Comprehensive Persian English Dictionary Including the Arabic Words and Phrases to be Met with in Persian Literature dsalsrv02 uchicago edu Retrieved 2018 05 12 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Keene H G 1894 An Oriental Biographical Dictionary London W H Allen amp Co p 235 Hand list of Oriental Manuscripts PDF Edinburgh The Aberdeen University Press 1898 p 81 الذ ريعة إلى تصانيف الش يعة ط اسماعیلیان الطهراني آقا بزرك مکتبة مدرسة الفقاهة ar lib eshia ir Retrieved 2018 12 10 PHI Persian Literature in Translation persian packhum org Retrieved 2018 12 10 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Muhammad ibn Tayfour Sajawandi amp oldid 1176899022, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
