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Mohammad-Javad Bahonar

Mohammad-Javad Bahonar (Persian: محمدجواد باهنر‎, 5 September 1933 – 30 August 1981) was a Shia Iranian theologian and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Iran for less than one month in August 1981.[2] Bahonar and other members of Mohammad-Ali Rajai's government were assassinated by Mujahideen-e Khalq.[3]

Mohammad-Javad Bahonar
محمدجواد باهنر
43th Prime Minister of Iran
In office
4 August 1981 – 30 August 1981
PresidentMohammad-Ali Rajai
Preceded byMohammad-Ali Rajai
Succeeded byReza Mahdavi Kani (Acting)
Minister of Education
In office
10 August 1980 – 10 August 1981
PresidentAbolhassan Banisadr
Prime MinisterMohammad-Ali Rajai
Preceded byMohammad-Ali Rajai
Succeeded byAli Akbar Parvaresh
Member of the Parliament of Iran
In office
28 May 1980 – 10 August 1980
ConstituencyTehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr
Majority1,385,197 (64.8%)
Member of Assembly of Experts for Constitution
In office
15 August 1979 – 15 November 1979
ConstituencyKerman Province
Majority205,765 (80.2%)
Personal details
Born(1933-09-05)5 September 1933
Kerman, Imperial State of Persia
Died30 August 1981(1981-08-30) (aged 47)
Tehran, Iran
Resting placeHafte Tir Mausoleum
Political partyIslamic Republican Party
SpouseZahra Eynakian (1966–1981, his death)[1]
RelativesMohammad-Reza Bahonar (brother)
Alma materUniversity of Tehran
Signature

Early life edit

Mohammad Javad Bahonar was born on 3 September 1933 in Kerman, Iran.[4] His father was a simple tradesman and had a little shop in the city of Kerman.[5] He was the second child of nine, and his family was very poor. As a child, he was taught the Quran at the local Makk-tab-Khaneh (parochial school attended by the students very often at the house of local mullah before national school system was put in place) also learning to read and write Persian. Guided by the Ayatollah Haghighi, he studied at the Masoumieh seminary. At the same time he could obtain the degree of fifth of ancient school.[6]

Education edit

Bahonar passed his primary school at Masoumieh School of Kerman. In 1953, he went to Qom Seminary and attended in the class of Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of Iranian revolution.[7][3][8] He received a PhD in theology from the University of Tehran.[7] Also, he was faculty member of the Tehran University and taught religious lessons and theology.[3][7][9]

Revolutionary activities edit

Before Iranian revolution edit

Bahonar was a reviler of the Pahlavi dynasty and had activities against Mohammad Reza Shah that led to imprisonment him in 1963,[4] 1964, and 1975.[3][9] On 1963, he was jailed for opposing the Shah's White Revolution.[4] Also, during exile of Khomeini in Iraq and France, he continued his revolutionary activities and was an influential member among Khomeini's followers.[9][3][7][10] Bahonar along with Morteza Motahari was active speaker of Hosseiniyeh Ershad, a religious lecture hall in the Tehran.[9]

After Iranian revolution edit

Upon release from custody, Bahonar did not engage in further activism until Khomeini became Iran's de facto ruler. For his service in the revolution, Bahonar became the new government's ministry of culture and Islamic guidance in 1981, and was responsible for censoring any media disapproved by Muslim leaders in Tehran. He also directed a purge of all secular influence from Iranian universities.[11]

He also became a founding member of the Islamic Republican party[12] and an original member of the Council of Revolution of Iran. Also, he was member of Assembly of Experts.[9] Bahonar along with Mohammad Ali Rajai purging Iranian universities of western cultural influences which known as the Islamic Cultural Revolution.[3][7] After the assassination of Mohammad Beheshti on 28 June 1981, he was appointed general secretary of the party where he was also a member of the central committee.[3][12] Bahonar served as the minister of culture and Islamic guidance under Mohammad Ali Rajai's prime ministry from March 1981 to August 1981. When Rajai became president on 5 August 1981, he chose Bahonar as his prime minister.[13]

Assassination edit

Bahonar was assassinated along with Rajai and other members of Islamic Republican Party when a bomb exploded at the party's office in Tehran on 30 August 1981.[4][14][15][13] In Iran, this explosion is known as the Hashteh-Shahrivar bombing. The bomb was set off when one of the victims opened a briefcase. The briefcase was carried by Massoud Keshmiri, a security official at the Islamic Republican Party, to the meeting. One week later, Keshmiri was announced as responsible for planning and execution of the assassination.[8] Keshmiri was identified as an operative of Mujahedin that was supported by Saddam Hussein.[4][3] He tried to assassinate Rajai and Bahonar on 22 August when Rajai introduced his cabinet to Ruhollah Khomeini. Ahmad Khomeini explained that Keshmiri was with Rajai when they came to see Imam Khomeini. He had a suitcase but they did not allow him to bring it.[8] He died at age 47.

Iranian authorities announced that Massoud Keshmiri, "a close aide to the late President Muhammad Ali Rajai and secretary of the Supreme Security Council, had been responsible." Keshmiri, an MEK member who was thought to have died in the explosion, "was accorded a martyr's funeral" and was "buried alongside Rajai and Bahonar."[16][17][18][19] Various MEK supporters were arrested and executed in reprisal, but Kashmiri apparently slipped through the dragnet.[20] The reaction to both bombings was intense with many arrests and executions of MEK and other leftist groups.[21]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ شهید باهنر به روایت همسر
  2. ^ Robin B. Wright (2010). The Iran Primer: Power, Politics, and U.S. Policy. US Institute of Peace Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-1-60127-084-9.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Mohammad Javad Bahonar (Prime minister of Iran)". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  4. ^ a b c d e Michael Newton (17 April 2014). Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-1-61069-286-1.
  5. ^ . Maryrdom and Sacrifice. Archived from the original on 18 January 2010. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  6. ^ Ensari(in Persian) 20 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ a b c d e (PDF). Harvard Model United Nations. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  8. ^ a b c Baqer Moin (1999). Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah. I.B.Tauris. p. 242. ISBN 978-1-85043-128-2.
  9. ^ a b c d e John H. Lorentz (14 April 2010). The A to Z of Iran. Scarecrow Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-4617-3191-7.
  10. ^ Manouchehr Ganji (2002). Defying the Iranian Revolution: From a Minister to the Shah to a Leader of Resistance. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-275-97187-8.
  11. ^ Michael Newton (2014). "Bahonar, Mohammad-Javad (1933–1981)". Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-61069-286-1.
  12. ^ a b Asayesh, Hossein; Adlina Ab. Halim; Jayum A. Jawan; Seyedeh Nosrat Shojaei (March 2011). "Political Party in Islamic Republic of Iran: A Review". Journal of Politics and Law. 4 (1). doi:10.5539/jpl.v4n1p221. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
  13. ^ a b Glenn E. Curtis; Eric Hooglund (18 July 2008). Iran: A Country Study. Government Printing Office. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-8444-1187-3.
  14. ^ The Pearson General Knowledge Manual 2010 (New ed.). Pearson Education India. 1 January 2010. p. 1. ISBN 978-81-317-2790-4. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  15. ^ Nikou, Semira N. "Timeline of Iran's Political Events". United States Institute of Peace. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
  16. ^ Moin 2001, pp. 242–3.
  17. ^ James Dorsey (15 September 1981), "Iran's rebels getting bolder day by day", The Christian Science Monitor, retrieved 1 June 2018
  18. ^ "Iran: Secret agent was bomber". The Spokesman-Review. Associated Press. 14 September 1981. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  19. ^ Hiro, Dilip (2013). Iran Under the Ayatollahs (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-04381-0.
  20. ^ Michael Newton (2014). "Bahonar, Mohammad-Javad (1933–1981)". Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-61069-286-1. Although the Bahonar-Rajai assassination was solved with identification of bomber Massoud Kashmiri as an MEK agent he remained unpunished. Various mujahedin were arrested and executedin reprisal, but Kashmiri apparently slipped through the dragnet.
  21. ^ Moin 2001, p. 243.

Sources edit

External links edit

  •   Media related to Mohammad-Javad Bahonar at Wikimedia Commons
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of Education
1980–1981
Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Iran
1981
Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Secretary-General of the Islamic Republican Party
1981
Succeeded by

mohammad, javad, bahonar, persian, محمدجواد, باهنر, september, 1933, august, 1981, shia, iranian, theologian, politician, served, prime, minister, iran, less, than, month, august, 1981, bahonar, other, members, mohammad, rajai, government, were, assassinated, . Mohammad Javad Bahonar Persian محمدجواد باهنر 5 September 1933 30 August 1981 was a Shia Iranian theologian and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Iran for less than one month in August 1981 2 Bahonar and other members of Mohammad Ali Rajai s government were assassinated by Mujahideen e Khalq 3 Mohammad Javad Bahonarمحمدجواد باهنر43th Prime Minister of IranIn office 4 August 1981 30 August 1981PresidentMohammad Ali RajaiPreceded byMohammad Ali RajaiSucceeded byReza Mahdavi Kani Acting Minister of EducationIn office 10 August 1980 10 August 1981PresidentAbolhassan BanisadrPrime MinisterMohammad Ali RajaiPreceded byMohammad Ali RajaiSucceeded byAli Akbar ParvareshMember of the Parliament of IranIn office 28 May 1980 10 August 1980ConstituencyTehran Rey Shemiranat and EslamshahrMajority1 385 197 64 8 Member of Assembly of Experts for ConstitutionIn office 15 August 1979 15 November 1979ConstituencyKerman ProvinceMajority205 765 80 2 Personal detailsBorn 1933 09 05 5 September 1933Kerman Imperial State of PersiaDied30 August 1981 1981 08 30 aged 47 Tehran IranResting placeHafte Tir MausoleumPolitical partyIslamic Republican PartySpouseZahra Eynakian 1966 1981 his death 1 RelativesMohammad Reza Bahonar brother Alma materUniversity of TehranSignature Contents 1 Early life 2 Education 3 Revolutionary activities 3 1 Before Iranian revolution 3 2 After Iranian revolution 4 Assassination 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources 8 External linksEarly life editMohammad Javad Bahonar was born on 3 September 1933 in Kerman Iran 4 His father was a simple tradesman and had a little shop in the city of Kerman 5 He was the second child of nine and his family was very poor As a child he was taught the Quran at the local Makk tab Khaneh parochial school attended by the students very often at the house of local mullah before national school system was put in place also learning to read and write Persian Guided by the Ayatollah Haghighi he studied at the Masoumieh seminary At the same time he could obtain the degree of fifth of ancient school 6 Education editBahonar passed his primary school at Masoumieh School of Kerman In 1953 he went to Qom Seminary and attended in the class of Ruhollah Khomeini the leader of Iranian revolution 7 3 8 He received a PhD in theology from the University of Tehran 7 Also he was faculty member of the Tehran University and taught religious lessons and theology 3 7 9 Revolutionary activities editBefore Iranian revolution edit Bahonar was a reviler of the Pahlavi dynasty and had activities against Mohammad Reza Shah that led to imprisonment him in 1963 4 1964 and 1975 3 9 On 1963 he was jailed for opposing the Shah s White Revolution 4 Also during exile of Khomeini in Iraq and France he continued his revolutionary activities and was an influential member among Khomeini s followers 9 3 7 10 Bahonar along with Morteza Motahari was active speaker of Hosseiniyeh Ershad a religious lecture hall in the Tehran 9 After Iranian revolution edit Upon release from custody Bahonar did not engage in further activism until Khomeini became Iran s de facto ruler For his service in the revolution Bahonar became the new government s ministry of culture and Islamic guidance in 1981 and was responsible for censoring any media disapproved by Muslim leaders in Tehran He also directed a purge of all secular influence from Iranian universities 11 He also became a founding member of the Islamic Republican party 12 and an original member of the Council of Revolution of Iran Also he was member of Assembly of Experts 9 Bahonar along with Mohammad Ali Rajai purging Iranian universities of western cultural influences which known as the Islamic Cultural Revolution 3 7 After the assassination of Mohammad Beheshti on 28 June 1981 he was appointed general secretary of the party where he was also a member of the central committee 3 12 Bahonar served as the minister of culture and Islamic guidance under Mohammad Ali Rajai s prime ministry from March 1981 to August 1981 When Rajai became president on 5 August 1981 he chose Bahonar as his prime minister 13 Assassination editMain article 1981 Iranian Prime Minister s office bombing Bahonar was assassinated along with Rajai and other members of Islamic Republican Party when a bomb exploded at the party s office in Tehran on 30 August 1981 4 14 15 13 In Iran this explosion is known as the Hashteh Shahrivar bombing The bomb was set off when one of the victims opened a briefcase The briefcase was carried by Massoud Keshmiri a security official at the Islamic Republican Party to the meeting One week later Keshmiri was announced as responsible for planning and execution of the assassination 8 Keshmiri was identified as an operative of Mujahedin that was supported by Saddam Hussein 4 3 He tried to assassinate Rajai and Bahonar on 22 August when Rajai introduced his cabinet to Ruhollah Khomeini Ahmad Khomeini explained that Keshmiri was with Rajai when they came to see Imam Khomeini He had a suitcase but they did not allow him to bring it 8 He died at age 47 Iranian authorities announced that Massoud Keshmiri a close aide to the late President Muhammad Ali Rajai and secretary of the Supreme Security Council had been responsible Keshmiri an MEK member who was thought to have died in the explosion was accorded a martyr s funeral and was buried alongside Rajai and Bahonar 16 17 18 19 Various MEK supporters were arrested and executed in reprisal but Kashmiri apparently slipped through the dragnet 20 The reaction to both bombings was intense with many arrests and executions of MEK and other leftist groups 21 See also edit nbsp Iran portal nbsp Biography portal nbsp Politics portal Mohammad Reza Bahonar his brother Mohammad BeheshtiReferences edit شهید باهنر به روایت همسر Robin B Wright 2010 The Iran Primer Power Politics and U S Policy US Institute of Peace Press p 221 ISBN 978 1 60127 084 9 a b c d e f g h Mohammad Javad Bahonar Prime minister of Iran Encyclopaedia Britannica a b c d e Michael Newton 17 April 2014 Famous Assassinations in World History An Encyclopedia 2 volumes ABC CLIO pp 27 28 ISBN 978 1 61069 286 1 An index of memories of Mohammad Javad Bahona Maryrdom and Sacrifice Archived from the original on 18 January 2010 Retrieved 2 February 2013 Ensari in Persian Archived 20 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine a b c d e Joint Crisis Supreme Defense Council of Iran 1980 PDF Harvard Model United Nations Archived from the original PDF on 5 October 2013 Retrieved 3 October 2013 a b c Baqer Moin 1999 Khomeini Life of the Ayatollah I B Tauris p 242 ISBN 978 1 85043 128 2 a b c d e John H Lorentz 14 April 2010 The A to Z of Iran Scarecrow Press p 44 ISBN 978 1 4617 3191 7 Manouchehr Ganji 2002 Defying the Iranian Revolution From a Minister to the Shah to a Leader of Resistance Greenwood Publishing Group p 26 ISBN 978 0 275 97187 8 Michael Newton 2014 Bahonar Mohammad Javad 1933 1981 Famous Assassinations in World History An Encyclopedia Vol 1 ABC CLIO p 27 ISBN 978 1 61069 286 1 a b Asayesh Hossein Adlina Ab Halim Jayum A Jawan Seyedeh Nosrat Shojaei March 2011 Political Party in Islamic Republic of Iran A Review Journal of Politics and Law 4 1 doi 10 5539 jpl v4n1p221 Retrieved 29 July 2013 a b Glenn E Curtis Eric Hooglund 18 July 2008 Iran A Country Study Government Printing Office p 63 ISBN 978 0 8444 1187 3 The Pearson General Knowledge Manual 2010 New ed Pearson Education India 1 January 2010 p 1 ISBN 978 81 317 2790 4 Retrieved 3 February 2013 Nikou Semira N Timeline of Iran s Political Events United States Institute of Peace Retrieved 27 July 2013 Moin 2001 pp 242 3 James Dorsey 15 September 1981 Iran s rebels getting bolder day by day The Christian Science Monitor retrieved 1 June 2018 Iran Secret agent was bomber The Spokesman Review Associated Press 14 September 1981 Retrieved 15 June 2017 Hiro Dilip 2013 Iran Under the Ayatollahs Routledge Revivals Routledge ISBN 978 1 135 04381 0 Michael Newton 2014 Bahonar Mohammad Javad 1933 1981 Famous Assassinations in World History An Encyclopedia Vol 1 ABC CLIO p 28 ISBN 978 1 61069 286 1 Although the Bahonar Rajai assassination was solved with identification of bomber Massoud Kashmiri as an MEK agent he remained unpunished Various mujahedin were arrested and executedin reprisal but Kashmiri apparently slipped through the dragnet Moin 2001 p 243 Sources editMoin Baqer 2001 Khomeini Life of the Ayatollah I B Tauris ISBN 978 1 84511 790 0 External links edit nbsp Media related to Mohammad Javad Bahonar at Wikimedia Commons Political offices Preceded byMohammad Ali Rajai Minister of Education1980 1981 Succeeded byAli Akbar Parvaresh Preceded byMohammad Ali Rajai Prime Minister of Iran1981 Succeeded byMohammad Reza Mahdavi Kani Party political offices Preceded byMohammad Beheshti Secretary General of the Islamic Republican Party1981 Succeeded byAli Khamenei Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mohammad Javad Bahonar amp oldid 1222943125, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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