fbpx
Wikipedia

Mitsubishi 4B1 engine

February 06, 2023

The Mitsubishi 4B1 engine is a range of all-alloy straight-4 piston engines built at Mitsubishi's Japanese "World Engine" powertrain plant in Shiga on the basis of the Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance (GEMA).[1][2][3] Although the basic designs of the various engines are the same, their exact specifications are individually tailored for each partner (Chrysler, Mitsubishi, and Hyundai). The cylinder block and other basic structural parts of the engine were jointly developed by the GEMA companies, but the intake and exhaust manifolds, the cylinder head's intake and exhaust ports, and other elements related to engine tuning were independently developed by Mitsubishi.[1]

Mitsubishi 4B1 engine
Overview
ManufacturerMitsubishi Motors
Also calledWorld Engine
Production2005–present
Layout
ConfigurationInline-four
Displacement
  • 1.8 L (1,798 cc)
  • 2.0 L (1,998 cc)
  • 2.4 L (2,360 cc)
Cylinder bore86 mm (3.39 in)
88 mm (3.46 in)
Piston stroke77.4 mm (3.05 in)
86 mm (3.39 in)
97 mm (3.82 in)
Block materialAluminium die cast
Head materialAluminium die cast
ValvetrainDirect acting DOHC, 16 valves, continuously variable MIVEC intake and exhaust valve timing
Compression ratio9.0:1, 10.0:1, 10.5:1,
Combustion
TurbochargerOn some versions
Fuel systemFuel injection
Fuel typeGasoline
Cooling systemWater-cooled
Output
Power outputFrom 140 to 409 PS (103 to 301 kW; 138 to 403 bhp)
Torque outputFrom 14.5 to 53.5 kg⋅m (142 to 525 N⋅m; 105 to 387 lbf⋅ft)
Chronology
PredecessorMitsubishi Sirius engine (Gasoline Engine)
SuccessorMitsubishi 4J1 engine (SOHC)
Mitsubishi 4B4 engine (DOHC)

All engines developed within this family have aluminium cylinder block and head, 4 valves per cylinder, double overhead camshaft layouts, and MIVEC continuous variable valve timing. All variations of 4B1 engine share the same engine block with a 96 mm bore pitch. The difference in displacement is achieved by variance in bore and stroke.[4]

The 4B1 engine family is the first to have the continuously variable valve timing MIVEC system applied not only to its intake valves but also to its exhaust valves. The intake and exhaust cam timing is continuously independently controlled and provide four optimized engine operating modes.[1][5]

4B10 (1.8L 4 Cylinder NA)

Specifications

Engine type Inline 4-cylinder DOHC 16v, MIVEC
Displacement 1.8 L (1,798 cc)
Bore 86 mm (3.39 in)
Stroke 77.4 mm (3.05 in)
Compression ratio 10.5:1
Fuel system ECI-MULTI
Peak power 103–105 kW (140–143 PS; 138–141 bhp) at 6000 rpm
Peak torque 17.5 kg⋅m (172 N⋅m; 127 lbf⋅ft) at 4250 rpm

Applications

Characteristics

4B11 (2.0L 4 Cylinder NA)

Specifications

Engine type Inline 4-cylinder DOHC 16v, MIVEC (intake only on PHEV)
Displacement 2.0 L (1,998 cc)
Bore 86 mm (3.39 in)
Stroke 86 mm (3.39 in)
Compression ratio 10.0:1

10.5:1 (PHEV) 

Fuel system ECI-MULTI
Peak power 110–116 kW (150–158 PS; 148–156 bhp) at 6000 rpm

87 kW (118 PS; 117 bhp) at 4500 rpm (PHEV)

Peak torque 20.3 kg⋅m (199 N⋅m; 147 lbf⋅ft) at 4250 rpm

19.4 kg⋅m (190 N⋅m; 140 lbf⋅ft) at 4500 rpm (PHEV)

Applications

Characteristics

The bore and stroke of the engine both measure 86 mm (3.39 in), which engineers refer to as square. According to Mitsubishi, the new cylinder dimensions contribute to a free-revving character (max power at 6500 rpm), linear power delivery and wide torque curve. Mitsubishi used a timing chain instead of a belt for better reliability and iridium spark plugs to lower emissions and to help extend major service intervals for lower cost of ownership. To reduce weight, Mitsubishi used a plastic cam cover and intake manifold and double-layer stainless steel exhaust manifold. The exhaust manifold has a rear location on the transverse engine, compared to the front location for the previous engine, yielding important benefits such as better emissions performance. To lower vibration, Mitsubishi used a 4-point inertial axis system with cylindrical hydraulic engine mounts on the left and right sides. A lightweight, high-rigidity squeeze-cast aluminium bracket on the right side mount (engine side) lowers engine noise under acceleration. A lightweight, high-rigidity steel plate bracket on the left side mount (transmission side) lowers gear noise. A custom-tuned insulator was developed for the front and rear mounts to help control both idle vibration and acceleration shock.[5]

For the Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV, a modified variant of the 4B11 is adopted.[8] The MIVEC VVT system is only applied on the intake side, a balancer shaft derived from the 4B12 is adopted (in place of the standard oil pump), a linear Air/Fuel sensor fitted in place of the Oxygen sensor of front intake, unsymmetrical piston skirts, different pattern piston skirt resin coating & a unique resin coating crank shaft bearing is used. The PHEV 4B11 is restricted to a maximum operating speed of 4500 rpm to prevent damage to the electrical motors & generator from overspeeding.

4B11T (2.0L 4 Cylinder Turbo)

Specifications

Engine type Inline-four engine DOHC 4 valves per cylinder, Turbo MIVEC
Displacement 1,998 cc (2.0 L; 121.9 cu in)
Bore 86 mm (3.39 in)
Stroke 86 mm (3.39 in)
Compression ratio 9.0:1
Fuel system ECI-MULTI
Peak power 280 PS (276 hp; 206 kW) at 6500 rpm (Japanese market)
291 PS (287 hp; 214 kW) at 6500 rpm (US market)
240 PS (237 hp; 177 kW) (Lancer Ralliart)
295 PS (291 hp; 217 kW) at 6500 rpm (European market)
409 PS (403 hp; 301 kW) at 6500 rpm (UK only FQ400)
446 PS (440 hp; 328 kW) at 6800 rpm (UK only FQ440 Last Edition)
Peak torque 422 N⋅m (311 lb⋅ft) at 3500 rpm (Japanese market)
407 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) at 4400 rpm (US market)
353 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm (Lancer Ralliart)
366 N⋅m (270 lb⋅ft) at 3500 rpm (European market)
525 N⋅m (387 lb⋅ft) at 3500 rpm (UK only FQ400)
559 N⋅m (412 lb⋅ft) at 3100 rpm (UK only FQ440 Last Edition)

Applications

Characteristics

Peak power and torque figures of 280 PS (276 bhp; 206 kW) and 422 N⋅m (311 lb⋅ft) are for Japanese market Lancer Evolution models[9] and figures of 295 PS (291 bhp; 217 kW) and 407 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) are for US market models.[10]

The 4B11T is the first engine in the Lancer Evolution series that uses a die-cast aluminium cylinder block versus the cast-iron block used in the previous turbocharged 4G63 engine that powered all previous models. The engine weight has been reduced by 12 kg (26 lb) compared to the 4G63, even with the addition of a timing chain instead of a belt and MIVEC continuous variable valve timing on both the intake and exhaust camshafts (the 4G63 had MIVEC valve timing & lift switching type on the intake only). A revised turbocharger offers up to 20-percent quicker response at lower engine speeds compared to previous 4G63. The 4B11T offers a broader torque curve, producing more torque than the 4G63 at all engine speeds, helped by the engine's square bore and stroke design, both measure 86 mm (3.39 in). Redline tachometer hashes start at 7,000 rpm, with a fuel cutout (true redline) at 7600 rpm to protect the engine.[10]

A semi-closed deck structure, an integrated ladder frame and four-bolt main bearing caps contribute to engine strength, durability, and lower NVH levels. Unlike the 4G63, the 4B11T does not use a balancer shaft. The semi-floating pistons of the 4G63 have been replaced with fully floating pistons for the 4B11T. Aluminium is also used for the timing chain case and cylinder head cover. The engine features an electronically controlled throttle, an isometric short port aluminium intake manifold, and the stainless steel exhaust manifold is positioned at the rear of the engine. The use of a direct-acting valvetrain eliminates the need of the roller rocker arm configuration previously used in the 4G63. The 4B11T features built-up hollow camshafts and its valve stem seals are integrated with the spring seats. The internal components of the 4B11T engine have been reinforced to withstand high levels of boost.[10]

4B12 (2.4L 4 Cylinder NA)

Specifications

Engine type Inline 4-cylinder DOHC 16v, MIVEC
Displacement 2,360 cc (2.4 L)
Bore 88 mm (3.46 in)
Stroke 97 mm (3.82 in)
Compression ratio 10.5:1
Fuel system ECI-MULTI
Peak power 125 kW (170 PS; 168 bhp) at 6000 rpm
Peak torque Between 226 and 232 N⋅m (167 and 171 lb⋅ft) at 4100 rpm depending on region.
Applications:

Characteristics

The cylinder head intake and exhaust ports and intake and exhaust manifolds are shape optimized for better volumetric efficiency. Mitsubishi lowered the friction of the engine by including elastic grinding of the valve stems, adopting a high-efficiency shroud equipped plastic impeller in the water pump and using 0W-20 low-viscosity oil. Mitsubishi increased the combustion efficiency by optimizing the design of the cylinder head intake and exhaust ports, by incorporating the MIVEC system on both intake and exhaust valves and by using injectors that give an ultra micro droplet fuel spray. To lower the engine's weight, Mitsubishi used die-cast aluminium for the cylinder block, plastic for the cylinder head cover and intake manifold, and stainless steel for the exhaust manifold. The engine features a compact balance shaft module with an integrated oil pump. A silent chain is used to drive the camshafts. The compact balancer module, the silent chain, the stable combustion yielded by the intake and exhaust MIVEC system, and high rigidity designs for the cylinder head and cylinder block realize low vibration and noise.[1]

See also

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mitsubishi 4B1 engines.

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Newly Developed Four-Cylinder MIVEC Engine" 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine, Masato TOJO, Akihito KUBO, .pdf file, Mitsubishi Motors technical review
  2. ^ "Mitsubishi Motors Makes Shiga Plant Japanese Production Facility of World Engine" 2010-08-15 at the Wayback Machine, Mitsubishi Motors website
  3. ^ "DaimlerChrysler, Hyundai, and Mitsubishi Motors to Form Global Engine Alliance" 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine, Mitsubishi Motors website
  4. ^ JDM Spec Engines - Mitsubishi 4B1-Series Engines
  5. ^ a b "All-New 2008 Mitsubishi Lancer Delivers Driven-To-Thrill Performance from New 152 bhp (154 PS; 113 kW) Engine and Optional CVT" 2007-10-22 at the Wayback Machine, Mitsubishi Motors North America press release
  6. ^ "Where to Find & How to Read a VIN Number | Mitsubishi Motors".
  7. ^ "Mitsubishi Motors | North America".
  8. ^ "Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV Forum • View topic - Technical graphs and images". www.myoutlanderphev.com. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
  9. ^ "LANCER Evolution X GSR" 2007-10-11 at the Wayback Machine, Mitsubishi Motors official website, August 26, 2007
  10. ^ a b c "All-New 2008 Lancer Evolution Debuts All-New Aluminium Turbocharged/Intercooled Engine"[permanent dead link], Mitsubishi Motors North America website, November 14, 2007

February 06, 2023
mitsubishi, engine, range, alloy, straight, piston, engines, built, mitsubishi, japanese, world, engine, powertrain, plant, shiga, basis, global, engine, manufacturing, alliance, gema, although, basic, designs, various, engines, same, their, exact, specificati. The Mitsubishi 4B1 engine is a range of all alloy straight 4 piston engines built at Mitsubishi s Japanese World Engine powertrain plant in Shiga on the basis of the Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance GEMA 1 2 3 Although the basic designs of the various engines are the same their exact specifications are individually tailored for each partner Chrysler Mitsubishi and Hyundai The cylinder block and other basic structural parts of the engine were jointly developed by the GEMA companies but the intake and exhaust manifolds the cylinder head s intake and exhaust ports and other elements related to engine tuning were independently developed by Mitsubishi 1 Mitsubishi 4B1 engineOverviewManufacturerMitsubishi MotorsAlso calledWorld EngineProduction2005 presentLayoutConfigurationInline fourDisplacement1 8 L 1 798 cc 2 0 L 1 998 cc 2 4 L 2 360 cc Cylinder bore86 mm 3 39 in 88 mm 3 46 in Piston stroke77 4 mm 3 05 in 86 mm 3 39 in 97 mm 3 82 in Block materialAluminium die castHead materialAluminium die castValvetrainDirect acting DOHC 16 valves continuously variable MIVEC intake and exhaust valve timingCompression ratio9 0 1 10 0 1 10 5 1 CombustionTurbochargerOn some versionsFuel systemFuel injectionFuel typeGasolineCooling systemWater cooledOutputPower outputFrom 140 to 409 PS 103 to 301 kW 138 to 403 bhp Torque outputFrom 14 5 to 53 5 kg m 142 to 525 N m 105 to 387 lbf ft ChronologyPredecessorMitsubishi Sirius engine Gasoline Engine SuccessorMitsubishi 4J1 engine SOHC Mitsubishi 4B4 engine DOHC Contents 1 4B10 1 8L 4 Cylinder NA 1 1 Specifications 1 2 Applications 1 3 Characteristics 2 4B11 2 0L 4 Cylinder NA 2 1 Specifications 2 2 Applications 2 3 Characteristics 3 4B11T 2 0L 4 Cylinder Turbo 3 1 Specifications 3 2 Applications 3 3 Characteristics 4 4B12 2 4L 4 Cylinder NA 4 1 Specifications 4 2 Characteristics 5 See also 6 References All engines developed within this family have aluminium cylinder block and head 4 valves per cylinder double overhead camshaft layouts and MIVEC continuous variable valve timing All variations of 4B1 engine share the same engine block with a 96 mm bore pitch The difference in displacement is achieved by variance in bore and stroke 4 The 4B1 engine family is the first to have the continuously variable valve timing MIVEC system applied not only to its intake valves but also to its exhaust valves The intake and exhaust cam timing is continuously independently controlled and provide four optimized engine operating modes 1 5 4B10 1 8L 4 Cylinder NA EditSpecifications Edit Engine type Inline 4 cylinder DOHC 16v MIVECDisplacement 1 8 L 1 798 cc Bore 86 mm 3 39 in Stroke 77 4 mm 3 05 in Compression ratio 10 5 1Fuel system ECI MULTIPeak power 103 105 kW 140 143 PS 138 141 bhp at 6000 rpmPeak torque 17 5 kg m 172 N m 127 lbf ft at 4250 rpmApplications Edit 2007 2017 Mitsubishi Lancer 2010 Mitsubishi RVR Japan 2010 2015 Proton InspiraCharacteristics Edit4B11 2 0L 4 Cylinder NA EditSpecifications Edit Engine type Inline 4 cylinder DOHC 16v MIVEC intake only on PHEV Displacement 2 0 L 1 998 cc Bore 86 mm 3 39 in Stroke 86 mm 3 39 in Compression ratio 10 0 1 10 5 1 PHEV Fuel system ECI MULTIPeak power 110 116 kW 150 158 PS 148 156 bhp at 6000 rpm 87 kW 118 PS 117 bhp at 4500 rpm PHEV Peak torque 20 3 kg m 199 N m 147 lbf ft at 4250 rpm 19 4 kg m 190 N m 140 lbf ft at 4500 rpm PHEV Applications Edit 2007 2017 Mitsubishi Lancer Galant Fortis 6 7 2007 2012 Peugeot 4007 2012 2017 Peugeot 4008 2009 Mitsubishi Outlander Facelift Europe 2012 Mitsubishi Outlander Sport 2013 Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV 2010 Mitsubishi ASX Mitsubishi RVR Canada 2010 2015 Proton Inspira 2007 now Mitsubishi Delica 2018 now Mitsubishi Eclipse CrossCharacteristics Edit The bore and stroke of the engine both measure 86 mm 3 39 in which engineers refer to as square According to Mitsubishi the new cylinder dimensions contribute to a free revving character max power at 6500 rpm linear power delivery and wide torque curve Mitsubishi used a timing chain instead of a belt for better reliability and iridium spark plugs to lower emissions and to help extend major service intervals for lower cost of ownership To reduce weight Mitsubishi used a plastic cam cover and intake manifold and double layer stainless steel exhaust manifold The exhaust manifold has a rear location on the transverse engine compared to the front location for the previous engine yielding important benefits such as better emissions performance To lower vibration Mitsubishi used a 4 point inertial axis system with cylindrical hydraulic engine mounts on the left and right sides A lightweight high rigidity squeeze cast aluminium bracket on the right side mount engine side lowers engine noise under acceleration A lightweight high rigidity steel plate bracket on the left side mount transmission side lowers gear noise A custom tuned insulator was developed for the front and rear mounts to help control both idle vibration and acceleration shock 5 For the Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV a modified variant of the 4B11 is adopted 8 The MIVEC VVT system is only applied on the intake side a balancer shaft derived from the 4B12 is adopted in place of the standard oil pump a linear Air Fuel sensor fitted in place of the Oxygen sensor of front intake unsymmetrical piston skirts different pattern piston skirt resin coating amp a unique resin coating crank shaft bearing is used The PHEV 4B11 is restricted to a maximum operating speed of 4500 rpm to prevent damage to the electrical motors amp generator from overspeeding 4B11T 2 0L 4 Cylinder Turbo EditSpecifications Edit Engine type Inline four engine DOHC 4 valves per cylinder Turbo MIVECDisplacement 1 998 cc 2 0 L 121 9 cu in Bore 86 mm 3 39 in Stroke 86 mm 3 39 in Compression ratio 9 0 1Fuel system ECI MULTIPeak power 280 PS 276 hp 206 kW at 6500 rpm Japanese market 291 PS 287 hp 214 kW at 6500 rpm US market 240 PS 237 hp 177 kW Lancer Ralliart 295 PS 291 hp 217 kW at 6500 rpm European market 409 PS 403 hp 301 kW at 6500 rpm UK only FQ400 446 PS 440 hp 328 kW at 6800 rpm UK only FQ440 Last Edition Peak torque 422 N m 311 lb ft at 3500 rpm Japanese market 407 N m 300 lb ft at 4400 rpm US market 353 N m 260 lb ft at 3000 rpm Lancer Ralliart 366 N m 270 lb ft at 3500 rpm European market 525 N m 387 lb ft at 3500 rpm UK only FQ400 559 N m 412 lb ft at 3100 rpm UK only FQ440 Last Edition Applications Edit 2007 2016 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X 2008 2015 Mitsubishi Lancer Galant Fortis Ralliart detuned with smaller turbo 2023 Mitsubishi Outlander PHEVCharacteristics Edit Peak power and torque figures of 280 PS 276 bhp 206 kW and 422 N m 311 lb ft are for Japanese market Lancer Evolution models 9 and figures of 295 PS 291 bhp 217 kW and 407 N m 300 lb ft are for US market models 10 The 4B11T is the first engine in the Lancer Evolution series that uses a die cast aluminium cylinder block versus the cast iron block used in the previous turbocharged 4G63 engine that powered all previous models The engine weight has been reduced by 12 kg 26 lb compared to the 4G63 even with the addition of a timing chain instead of a belt and MIVEC continuous variable valve timing on both the intake and exhaust camshafts the 4G63 had MIVEC valve timing amp lift switching type on the intake only A revised turbocharger offers up to 20 percent quicker response at lower engine speeds compared to previous 4G63 The 4B11T offers a broader torque curve producing more torque than the 4G63 at all engine speeds helped by the engine s square bore and stroke design both measure 86 mm 3 39 in Redline tachometer hashes start at 7 000 rpm with a fuel cutout true redline at 7600 rpm to protect the engine 10 A semi closed deck structure an integrated ladder frame and four bolt main bearing caps contribute to engine strength durability and lower NVH levels Unlike the 4G63 the 4B11T does not use a balancer shaft The semi floating pistons of the 4G63 have been replaced with fully floating pistons for the 4B11T Aluminium is also used for the timing chain case and cylinder head cover The engine features an electronically controlled throttle an isometric short port aluminium intake manifold and the stainless steel exhaust manifold is positioned at the rear of the engine The use of a direct acting valvetrain eliminates the need of the roller rocker arm configuration previously used in the 4G63 The 4B11T features built up hollow camshafts and its valve stem seals are integrated with the spring seats The internal components of the 4B11T engine have been reinforced to withstand high levels of boost 10 4B12 2 4L 4 Cylinder NA EditSpecifications Edit Engine type Inline 4 cylinder DOHC 16v MIVECDisplacement 2 360 cc 2 4 L Bore 88 mm 3 46 in Stroke 97 mm 3 82 in Compression ratio 10 5 1Fuel system ECI MULTIPeak power 125 kW 170 PS 168 bhp at 6000 rpmPeak torque Between 226 and 232 N m 167 and 171 lb ft at 4100 rpm depending on region Applications 2007 Mitsubishi Delica 2008 Mitsubishi Lancer 2008 Citroen C Crosser 2008 Peugeot 4007 2009 Mitsubishi Lancer Sportback GTS 2009 Mitsubishi Lancer GTS 2009 Mitsubishi Outlander Facelift Europe 2010 Mitsubishi Galant 2012 Mitsubishi Lancer SE AWC 2013 Mitsubishi Lancer GT Manual 2015 Mitsubishi Lancer 2018 Mitsubishi RVR 2019 Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV Techlift Europe and Asia 2021 Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV Techlift North America 2021 Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross PHEV 2023 Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV Characteristics Edit The cylinder head intake and exhaust ports and intake and exhaust manifolds are shape optimized for better volumetric efficiency Mitsubishi lowered the friction of the engine by including elastic grinding of the valve stems adopting a high efficiency shroud equipped plastic impeller in the water pump and using 0W 20 low viscosity oil Mitsubishi increased the combustion efficiency by optimizing the design of the cylinder head intake and exhaust ports by incorporating the MIVEC system on both intake and exhaust valves and by using injectors that give an ultra micro droplet fuel spray To lower the engine s weight Mitsubishi used die cast aluminium for the cylinder block plastic for the cylinder head cover and intake manifold and stainless steel for the exhaust manifold The engine features a compact balance shaft module with an integrated oil pump A silent chain is used to drive the camshafts The compact balancer module the silent chain the stable combustion yielded by the intake and exhaust MIVEC system and high rigidity designs for the cylinder head and cylinder block realize low vibration and noise 1 See also Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mitsubishi 4B1 engines Hyundai Theta engine Hyundai s GEMA built engines Chrysler World engine Chrysler s GEMA built engines List of Mitsubishi enginesReferences Edit a b c d Newly Developed Four Cylinder MIVEC Engine Archived 2007 09 29 at the Wayback Machine Masato TOJO Akihito KUBO pdf file Mitsubishi Motors technical review Mitsubishi Motors Makes Shiga Plant Japanese Production Facility of World Engine Archived 2010 08 15 at the Wayback Machine Mitsubishi Motors website DaimlerChrysler Hyundai and Mitsubishi Motors to Form Global Engine Alliance Archived 2007 09 29 at the Wayback Machine Mitsubishi Motors website JDM Spec Engines Mitsubishi 4B1 Series Engines a b All New 2008 Mitsubishi Lancer Delivers Driven To Thrill Performance from New 152 bhp 154 PS 113 kW Engine and Optional CVT Archived 2007 10 22 at the Wayback Machine Mitsubishi Motors North America press release Where to Find amp How to Read a VIN Number Mitsubishi Motors Mitsubishi Motors North America Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV Forum View topic Technical graphs and images www myoutlanderphev com Retrieved 2018 02 09 LANCER Evolution X GSR Archived 2007 10 11 at the Wayback Machine Mitsubishi Motors official website August 26 2007 a b c All New 2008 Lancer Evolution Debuts All New Aluminium Turbocharged Intercooled Engine permanent dead link Mitsubishi Motors North America website November 14 2007 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mitsubishi 4B1 engine amp oldid 1133772639, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.