A military budget (or military expenditure), also known as a defense budget, is the amount of financial resources dedicated by a state to raising and maintaining an armed forces or other methods essential for defense purposes.
Military budgets often reflect how strongly a country perceives the likelihood of threats against it, or the amount of aggression it wishes to conjure. It also gives an idea of how much financing should be provided for the upcoming fiscal year. The size of a budget also reflects the country's ability to fund military activities.[2] Factors include the size of that country's economy, other financial demands on that entity, and the willingness of that entity's government or people to fund such military activity. Generally excluded from military expenditures is spending on internal law enforcement and disabled veteran rehabilitation. The effects of military expenditure on a nation's economy and society, and what determines military expenditure, are notable issues in political science and economics. Generally, some suggest military expenditure is a boost to local economies.[3] Still, others maintain military expenditure is a drag on development.[4]
According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, in 2022, total world military expenditure amounted to US$2.3 trillion. It increased 3.7 percent over the previous year. With the Russo-Ukrainian War, European expenditures rose by 13 percent, the largest year-to-year increase since the end of the Cold War.[7]
The Saturday Review magazine in February 1898 outlined the levels of military expenditure as a percentage of tax revenue spent by the then great powers for the year 1897:[8]
United States: 17%. The United States has fluctuated for decades, depending on the conflict of the time. The first spike in defense spending, and in turn taxes, came during the very beginning of the 19th century.[9] During World War I, the United States spent 22% of gross domestic product, while during peacetime, the government spent on as little as 1% Gross Domestic Product (GDP).[10] This changed following World War II as the United States government were experiencing an immense fear of the expansion of communism and therefore heightened security on all fronts. This was supported by Americans as it brought upon them a sense of security and the 3.6% GDP they were contributing to was a large decrease from the whopping amounts of capital being spent during WWII that exceeded 41%, before decreasing to 10% during the Cold War and for about two more decades after, including the Vietnam War, before beginning to decrease in the 1970s down to 6%, then 5.5% in 1979 before beginning to steadily incline once again.[10][9] After 2001, though, and the September 11 terrorist attacks, defense spending spiked again, peaking at 5.7% in 2010.[10]
^Statistics on Defense Expenditures in the U.S. per Capita, 1990-2011, NATO, April 2012.
^Hicks, Louis; Curt Raney (2003). "The Social Impact of Military Growth in St. Mary's County, Maryland, 1940-1995". Armed Forces & Society. 29 (3): 353–371. doi:10.1177/0095327x0302900303. S2CID 145097214.
^Nef, J.U. (1950). War and Human Progress. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
^Baron, Joshua (22 January 2014). Great Power Peace and American Primacy: The Origins and Future of a New International Order. United States: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN978-1137299482.
^"The Biggest Military Budgets As A Share Of GDP In 2018 [Infographic]". Forbes. April 29, 2019.
^Tian, Nan; Silva, Diego Lopes da; Liang, Xiao; Scarazzato, Lorenzo; Béraud-Sudreau, Lucie; Assis, Ana (2023-04-01). "Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2022". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, SIPRI. doi:10.55163/pnvp2622. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
^ abBorch, Casey, and Michael Wallace. "Military Spending and Economic Well-Being in the American States: The Post-Vietnam War Era". Social Forces, vol. 88, no. 4, 2010, pp. 1727–1752. Oxford University Press, doi:10.1353/sof.0.0268. Accessed 15 October 2017.
^ abcChantrill, Christopher. "What Is the Total US Defense Spending?" US Government Defense Spending History with Charts - a Www.usgovernmentspending.com Briefing, American Thinkers, 17 July 2011, www.usgovernmentspending.com/defense_spending
External linksedit
Hicks, Louis; Raney, Curt. "The Social Impact of Military Growth in St. Mary's County, Maryland, 1940-1995". Armed Forces & Society. 29: 3.
Hicks, Louis; Raney, Curt. "African Countries' Military expenditure since 1960". The African Onlooker. 29: 3.
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February 16, 2024
military, budget, military, budget, military, expenditure, also, known, defense, budget, amount, financial, resources, dedicated, state, raising, maintaining, armed, forces, other, methods, essential, defense, purposes, global, military, spending, 2021map, mil. A military budget or military expenditure also known as a defense budget is the amount of financial resources dedicated by a state to raising and maintaining an armed forces or other methods essential for defense purposes Global military spending in 2021Map of military spending as a percentage of GDP for countries as of 2023 according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 1 Contents 1 Financing militaries 2 Historic expenditure 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksFinancing militaries editMilitary budgets often reflect how strongly a country perceives the likelihood of threats against it or the amount of aggression it wishes to conjure It also gives an idea of how much financing should be provided for the upcoming fiscal year The size of a budget also reflects the country s ability to fund military activities 2 Factors include the size of that country s economy other financial demands on that entity and the willingness of that entity s government or people to fund such military activity Generally excluded from military expenditures is spending on internal law enforcement and disabled veteran rehabilitation The effects of military expenditure on a nation s economy and society and what determines military expenditure are notable issues in political science and economics Generally some suggest military expenditure is a boost to local economies 3 Still others maintain military expenditure is a drag on development 4 Among the countries maintaining some of the world s largest military budgets China India France Germany Japan Russia the United Kingdom and the United States are frequently recognized to be great powers 5 In 2018 the United States spent 3 2 of its GDP on its military while China 1 9 Russia 3 9 France 2 3 United Kingdom 1 8 India 2 4 Israel 4 3 South Korea 2 6 and Germany spent 1 2 of its GDP on defense 1 6 According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute in 2022 total world military expenditure amounted to US 2 3 trillion It increased 3 7 percent over the previous year With the Russo Ukrainian War European expenditures rose by 13 percent the largest year to year increase since the end of the Cold War 7 Historic expenditure edit nbsp Defense spending in the UK over timeMain article Past military expenditure by country The Saturday Review magazine in February 1898 outlined the levels of military expenditure as a percentage of tax revenue spent by the then great powers for the year 1897 8 United States 17 The United States has fluctuated for decades depending on the conflict of the time The first spike in defense spending and in turn taxes came during the very beginning of the 19th century 9 During World War I the United States spent 22 of gross domestic product while during peacetime the government spent on as little as 1 Gross Domestic Product GDP 10 This changed following World War II as the United States government were experiencing an immense fear of the expansion of communism and therefore heightened security on all fronts This was supported by Americans as it brought upon them a sense of security and the 3 6 GDP they were contributing to was a large decrease from the whopping amounts of capital being spent during WWII that exceeded 41 before decreasing to 10 during the Cold War and for about two more decades after including the Vietnam War before beginning to decrease in the 1970s down to 6 then 5 5 in 1979 before beginning to steadily incline once again 10 9 After 2001 though and the September 11 terrorist attacks defense spending spiked again peaking at 5 7 in 2010 10 Russian Empire 21 French Third Republic 27 British Empire 39 German Empire 43 Empire of Japan 55 See also editList of countries by military expenditures Past military expenditure by country List of countries by military expenditure per capita Arms industry History of military technology Military industrial complex List of countries by Global Militarization Index List of countries in Europe by military expendituresReferences edit a b Trends in World Military Expenditure 2022 SIPRI DOI doi org 10 55163 PNVP2622 Statistics on Defense Expenditures in the U S per Capita 1990 2011 NATO April 2012 Hicks Louis Curt Raney 2003 The Social Impact of Military Growth in St Mary s County Maryland 1940 1995 Armed Forces amp Society 29 3 353 371 doi 10 1177 0095327x0302900303 S2CID 145097214 Nef J U 1950 War and Human Progress Cambridge Harvard University Press Baron Joshua 22 January 2014 Great Power Peace and American Primacy The Origins and Future of a New International Order United States Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978 1137299482 The Biggest Military Budgets As A Share Of GDP In 2018 Infographic Forbes April 29 2019 Tian Nan Silva Diego Lopes da Liang Xiao Scarazzato Lorenzo Beraud Sudreau Lucie Assis Ana 2023 04 01 Trends in World Military Expenditure 2022 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SIPRI doi 10 55163 pnvp2622 Retrieved 2023 05 07 Harris Frank ed February 1898 Saturday Review Magazine a b Borch Casey and Michael Wallace Military Spending and Economic Well Being in the American States The Post Vietnam War Era Social Forces vol 88 no 4 2010 pp 1727 1752 Oxford University Press doi 10 1353 sof 0 0268 Accessed 15 October 2017 a b c Chantrill Christopher What Is the Total US Defense Spending US Government Defense Spending History with Charts a Www usgovernmentspending com Briefing American Thinkers 17 July 2011 www usgovernmentspending com defense spendingExternal links editHicks Louis Raney Curt The Social Impact of Military Growth in St Mary s County Maryland 1940 1995 Armed Forces amp Society 29 3 Hicks Louis Raney Curt African Countries Military expenditure since 1960 The African Onlooker 29 3 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Military budget amp oldid 1207322567, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
