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Michael Weiße

January 01, 1970

Michael Weiße or Weisse (c. 1488 – 19 March 1534) was a German theologian, Protestant reformer and hymn writer. First a Franciscan, he joined the Bohemian Brethren. He published the most extensive early Protestant hymnal in 1531, supplying most hymn texts and some tunes himself. One of his hymns was used in Johann Sebastian Bach's St John Passion.

Michael Weiße
Bornc. 1488 (1488)
Neiße
Died19 March 1534(1534-03-19) (aged 46)
Landskron
Other namesMichael Weisse
Occupations
  • Theologian
  • Hymn writer
OrganizationUnity of the Brethren

Career edit

Weiße was born in Neiße[1] (now Nysa, Poland) and attended the Pfarrgymnasium (pastoral school) there.[2] From 1504, he studied at the University of Cracow and became a Franciscan friar in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland) in 1510. He and colleagues Johannes Zeising[3] and Johann Mönch converted to the teaching of Martin Luther, and were expelled from Breslau around 1517. In 1518 they were admitted to the Bohemian Brethren.

Weiße was elected as Prediger (preacher) and Vorsteher (leader) of the German community of brethren in Landskron in 1522. The same year he was sent as part of a delegation to Wittenberg, to compare the Brethren's creed with that of Martin Luther. From 1525, Weiße, Zeising and Mönch favoured and promoted the teaching of Ulrich Zwingli, which caused conflict with the bishop of Prague. While Weiße and Mönch submitted to the bishop, Zeising joined the Anabaptists and was burned in Brünn in 1528 on a decree of the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I.[1]

In 1531, Weiße was ordained as a priest of the Unity of the Brethren on a synod in Brandeis, and at the same time made Vorsteher of the German congregations in Landskron and Fulnek.[1] He died in Landskron in 1534.[1]

Works edit

Weiße wrote theological tracts and hymn lyrics, which he partially set to music himself. He published in 1531 the hymnal of the Brethren, Ein New Gesengbuchlein (A new little hymnal), in Jungbunzlau in 1531. The first hymnal of the Brethren in German contained 157 hymns, 137 written or adapted by Weiße, on melodies mostly from the Bohemian tradition of the Brethren. Then the most extensive Protestant hymnal, it influenced other collections.[1][4] It was the first hymnal structured by topics, eight sections for times of the liturgical year, praise, prayer, teaching ("Leergeseng"), times of the day, children, penitence, funeral ("Zum begrebnis d Todte"), last judgement ("Vom jüngsten Tag"), saints ("Von den rechten heiligen") and testament ("Von dem Testament des herren").[4]

One of Weiße's hymns was used in Johann Sebastian Bach's St John Passion. Part II and the third scene, of the court hearing, is opened by the first stanza of a hymn for Passiontide, "Christus, der uns selig macht" (Christ, who hath us blessed made), summarizing what Jesus has to endure although innocent ("made captive, ... falsely indicted, and mocked and scorned and bespat"). The scene of the crucifixion ends with stanza 8 of this hymn, "O hilf, Christ, Gottes Sohn" (O help, Christ, O Son of God).[5][6] Seven of the eight stanzas of this hymn are also used in the mid-18th-century pasticcio Passion oratorio Wer ist der, so von Edom kömmt (movements 2, 24, 27, 30, 38, 40 and 42).[7][8] Mauricio Kagel quoted the hymn, paraphrased to "Bach, der uns selig macht" in his oratorio Sankt-Bach-Passion telling Bach's life, composed for the tricentenary of Bach's birth in 1985.

Eight hymns by Weiße are part of the current German Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch (EG), including his Easter hymn "Gelobt sei Gott im höchsten Thron". His hymnal was reprinted by Konrad Ameln in 1957 as a facsimile, titled Gesangbuch der Böhmischen Brüder 1531 (Hymnal of the Bohemien Brethren 1531). A digitized edition from Nuremeburg, 1544, is accessible on e-rara.[9]

Literature edit

  • Petr Hlaváček: Die Franziskaner-Observanten zwischen böhmischer und europäischer Reformation. In: Winfried Eberhard und Franz Machilek (ed.): Kirchliche Reformimpulse des 14./14. Jahrhunderts in Ostmitteleuropa. Böhlau-Verlag 2006, ISBN 978-3-412-26105-4, pp.321f.
  • Michael Weiße. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL).
  • S. Fornagon. Michael Weiße. Jahrbuch für Schlesische Kirche und Kirchengeschichte. NF 33, 1954, pp. 34–44.
  • Walther Killy: Killy Literaturlexikon: Autoren und Werke deutscher Sprache. 15 volumes. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh, München 1988–1991. CD-ROM: Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-932544-13-7.
  • Andreas Marti: Weiße, Michael. In: Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart. volume 8. 4th edition. 2005, p.1379.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Wolkan, Rudolf (1896). "Weiße, Michael (in Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie)" (in German). Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig. pp. 597–600. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  2. ^ Rudolf Walter: Kirchen- und Schulmusik in der Bischofsstadt Neisse im 14./15. Jahrhundert. In: Die Anfänge des Schrifttums in Oberschlesien bis zum Frühhumanismus. ed. Gerhard Kosellek, Frankfurt 1997, ISBN 3-631-32750-1, pp. 281–302.
  3. ^ Vgl. Zeising, Johannes (d. 1528) - GAMEO (retrieved 22 July 2012).
  4. ^ a b Lorbeer, Lukas (2012). Die Sterbe- und Ewigkeitslieder in deutschen lutherischen Gesangbüchern des 17. Jahrhunderts (in German). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 36–37. ISBN 978-3-64-756402-9.
  5. ^ Ambrose, Z. Philip (2012). "BWV 245 Johannes-Passion". University of Vermont. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
  6. ^ Dürr, Alfred (2000). Johann Sebastian Bach's St John Passion : Genesis, Transmission, and Meaning: Genesis, Transmission, and Meaning. Oxford University Press. pp. 36, 44. ISBN 0-19-158871-7. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  7. ^ Wer ist der, so von Edom kömmt by Johann Christoph Altnikol et al.: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
  8. ^ Text-, Liedvorlagen, Bibelkonkordanzen und Besetzungsangaben zu den geistlichen Kantaten, Oratorien & Passionen Johann Sebastian Bachs at www.s-line.de/homepages/bachdiskographie
  9. ^ Ein Gesangbuch der Brüder inn Behemen unnd Merherrn, Nürnberg, 1544, doi:10.3931/e-rara-79800

External links edit

  • Literature by and about Michael Weiße in the German National Library catalogue
  • Michael Weiße Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon] (in German)
  • Michael Weisse hymnary.org

January 01, 1970
michael, weiße, weisse, 1488, march, 1534, german, theologian, protestant, reformer, hymn, writer, first, franciscan, joined, bohemian, brethren, published, most, extensive, early, protestant, hymnal, 1531, supplying, most, hymn, texts, some, tunes, himself, h. Michael Weisse or Weisse c 1488 19 March 1534 was a German theologian Protestant reformer and hymn writer First a Franciscan he joined the Bohemian Brethren He published the most extensive early Protestant hymnal in 1531 supplying most hymn texts and some tunes himself One of his hymns was used in Johann Sebastian Bach s St John Passion Michael WeisseBornc 1488 1488 NeisseDied19 March 1534 1534 03 19 aged 46 LandskronOther namesMichael WeisseOccupationsTheologian Hymn writerOrganizationUnity of the Brethren Contents 1 Career 2 Works 3 Literature 4 References 5 External linksCareer editWeisse was born in Neisse 1 now Nysa Poland and attended the Pfarrgymnasium pastoral school there 2 From 1504 he studied at the University of Cracow and became a Franciscan friar in Breslau now Wroclaw Poland in 1510 He and colleagues Johannes Zeising 3 and Johann Monch converted to the teaching of Martin Luther and were expelled from Breslau around 1517 In 1518 they were admitted to the Bohemian Brethren Weisse was elected as Prediger preacher and Vorsteher leader of the German community of brethren in Landskron in 1522 The same year he was sent as part of a delegation to Wittenberg to compare the Brethren s creed with that of Martin Luther From 1525 Weisse Zeising and Monch favoured and promoted the teaching of Ulrich Zwingli which caused conflict with the bishop of Prague While Weisse and Monch submitted to the bishop Zeising joined the Anabaptists and was burned in Brunn in 1528 on a decree of the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I 1 In 1531 Weisse was ordained as a priest of the Unity of the Brethren on a synod in Brandeis and at the same time made Vorsteher of the German congregations in Landskron and Fulnek 1 He died in Landskron in 1534 1 Works editWeisse wrote theological tracts and hymn lyrics which he partially set to music himself He published in 1531 the hymnal of the Brethren Ein New Gesengbuchlein A new little hymnal in Jungbunzlau in 1531 The first hymnal of the Brethren in German contained 157 hymns 137 written or adapted by Weisse on melodies mostly from the Bohemian tradition of the Brethren Then the most extensive Protestant hymnal it influenced other collections 1 4 It was the first hymnal structured by topics eight sections for times of the liturgical year praise prayer teaching Leergeseng times of the day children penitence funeral Zum begrebnis d Todte last judgement Vom jungsten Tag saints Von den rechten heiligen and testament Von dem Testament des herren 4 One of Weisse s hymns was used in Johann Sebastian Bach s St John Passion Part II and the third scene of the court hearing is opened by the first stanza of a hymn for Passiontide Christus der uns selig macht Christ who hath us blessed made summarizing what Jesus has to endure although innocent made captive falsely indicted and mocked and scorned and bespat The scene of the crucifixion ends with stanza 8 of this hymn O hilf Christ Gottes Sohn O help Christ O Son of God 5 6 Seven of the eight stanzas of this hymn are also used in the mid 18th century pasticcio Passion oratorio Wer ist der so von Edom kommt movements 2 24 27 30 38 40 and 42 7 8 Mauricio Kagel quoted the hymn paraphrased to Bach der uns selig macht in his oratorio Sankt Bach Passion telling Bach s life composed for the tricentenary of Bach s birth in 1985 Eight hymns by Weisse are part of the current German Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch EG including his Easter hymn Gelobt sei Gott im hochsten Thron His hymnal was reprinted by Konrad Ameln in 1957 as a facsimile titled Gesangbuch der Bohmischen Bruder 1531 Hymnal of the Bohemien Brethren 1531 A digitized edition from Nuremeburg 1544 is accessible on e rara 9 Literature editPetr Hlavacek Die Franziskaner Observanten zwischen bohmischer und europaischer Reformation In Winfried Eberhard und Franz Machilek ed Kirchliche Reformimpulse des 14 14 Jahrhunderts in Ostmitteleuropa Bohlau Verlag 2006 ISBN 978 3 412 26105 4 pp 321f Michael Weisse In Biographisch Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon BBKL S Fornagon Michael Weisse Jahrbuch fur Schlesische Kirche und Kirchengeschichte NF 33 1954 pp 34 44 Walther Killy Killy Literaturlexikon Autoren und Werke deutscher Sprache 15 volumes Bertelsmann Gutersloh Munchen 1988 1991 CD ROM Berlin 1998 ISBN 3 932544 13 7 Andreas Marti Weisse Michael In Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart volume 8 4th edition 2005 p 1379 References edit a b c d e Wolkan Rudolf 1896 Weisse Michael in Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie in German Duncker amp Humblot Leipzig pp 597 600 Retrieved 9 April 2014 Rudolf Walter Kirchen und Schulmusik in der Bischofsstadt Neisse im 14 15 Jahrhundert In Die Anfange des Schrifttums in Oberschlesien bis zum Fruhhumanismus ed Gerhard Kosellek Frankfurt 1997 ISBN 3 631 32750 1 pp 281 302 Vgl Zeising Johannes d 1528 GAMEO retrieved 22 July 2012 a b Lorbeer Lukas 2012 Die Sterbe und Ewigkeitslieder in deutschen lutherischen Gesangbuchern des 17 Jahrhunderts in German Vandenhoeck amp Ruprecht pp 36 37 ISBN 978 3 64 756402 9 Ambrose Z Philip 2012 BWV 245 Johannes Passion University of Vermont Retrieved 29 March 2014 Durr Alfred 2000 Johann Sebastian Bach s St John Passion Genesis Transmission and Meaning Genesis Transmission and Meaning Oxford University Press pp 36 44 ISBN 0 19 158871 7 Retrieved 5 April 2014 Wer ist der so von Edom kommt by Johann Christoph Altnikol et al Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Text Liedvorlagen Bibelkonkordanzen und Besetzungsangaben zu den geistlichen Kantaten Oratorien amp Passionen Johann Sebastian Bachs at www wbr s line wbr de wbr homepages wbr bachdiskographie Ein Gesangbuch der Bruder inn Behemen unnd Merherrn Nurnberg 1544 doi 10 3931 e rara 79800External links editLiterature by and about Michael Weisse in the German National Library catalogue Michael Weisse Okumenisches Heiligenlexikon in German Michael Weisse hymnary org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Michael Weisse amp oldid 1171243192, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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