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Michael Ghiselin

January 01, 1970

Michael T. Ghiselin (born May 13, 1939) is an American biologist and philosopher as well as historian of biology, formerly at the California Academy of Sciences.

He is known for his work concerning sea slugs, and for his criticism of the falsification of the history of Lamarckism in biology textbooks.

Academic life edit

Ghiselin received his B.A. in 1960 from the University of Utah and his Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1965. He became a Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard University (1964–65) and later became Postdoctoral Fellow at the Marine Biological Laboratory in 1965. There he stayed until 1967 as he was appointed assistant professor of zoology at the University of California, Berkeley and later was chosen as a Guggenheim Fellow (1978–79). Ghiselin served as research professor of biology at the University of Utah (1980–83) and was MacArthur Prize Fellow from 1981 to 1986. Since 1983 he has been a senior research fellow at the California Academy of Sciences.[1]

Career edit

Ghiselin is famous for his work on sea slugs,[2][3][4] and has had both a species (Hypselodoris ghiselini) and the defensive chemical that it contains (ghiselinin) named after him.[5] In 2009 he co-authored a major study on chemical defense with Guido Cimino: Chemical Defense and the Evolution of Opisthobranch Gastropods.[6]

 
Clownfish is male when small, female when larger, an adaptation explained by Ghiselin's size-advantage model.

In 1969 he proposed three models including the size-advantage model to explain sequential hermaphroditism. In some fish species, he reasoned, males can maximize their reproductive success by breeding with a harem of females rather than breeding only once as a female. In other species, where the fish live in pairs, it is to an individual's advantage to be male when small and to turn into a female when it is larger.[7]

Ghiselin has also worked on the history and philosophy of evolutionary biology. His historical publications have dealt mainly with Darwin and the history of comparative zoology. They include such topics as the influence of alchemy on nineteenth century zoology and the history of the Zoological Station at Naples, Italy. His thought on Darwin's view of selection, whether to the individual or to the group, and sometimes apparently kin selectionist, has been criticised as inconsistent by Helena Cronin.[8]

He has criticised the falsification of the history of Lamarck's theory of evolution, where in his view schoolbooks and "textbook-writers have imbued the fictitious Lamarck with an importance that the real Lamarck never had, and they have credited him with ideas that the real Lamarck did not hold. They also have invented a myth in which those ideas are compared falsely with Darwin's ideas, to produce a bogus dichotomy."[9] He has also criticized the views of creationists as non-scientific.[10]

His main contribution to philosophy concerns the principles of classification (systematics or taxonomy). He is given much of the credit for first theorizing that biological species are not kinds of organisms, but are rather individuals in a philosophical sense (in the manner that an individual population is an individual entity, rather than an abstract type).[11] A human being is not a Homo sapiens for the same reason that Ontario is not a Canada.[12] Ghiselin was also the originator of the term "chunks of the genealogical nexus" to describe species.[13]

Ghiselin has many interdisciplinary interests, among which is forging links between biology and economics. He is Vice President of the International Society for Bioeconomics, and has served as the Co-Editor of the Journal of Bioeconomics since it was established in 1998. The first academic chair of bioeconomics was established at the University of Siena; as a visiting professor he was its first occupant.[14] As Chair of the Center for the History and Philosophy of Science his main responsibility has been to organize scholarly meetings and to serve as Editor of the volumes based on them.

He was made a Guggenheim fellow in 1978.[15]

Works edit

  • Ghiselin, Michael T. and Leviton, Alan E.: "Darwin and the Galapagos", in the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences for 2010 Volume 61, Supplement 2.
  • The Triumph of the Darwinian Method. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1969.
  • Barbour, M. G., Craig, R. B., Drysdale, F. R., and Ghiselin, M. T.: Coastal Ecology: Bodega Head. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1973.
  • The Economy of Nature and the Evolution of Sex. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1974.
  • Intellectual Compromise: The Bottom Line. Paragon House, New York, 1989.
  • Metaphysics and the Origin of Species. State University of New York Press, Albany, 1997.
  • Darwin: A Reader's Guide. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 155: 1–185, 2009.
  • Darwin and Evolution. Carmichael & Carmichael, and Knowledge Products Blackstone Audio, 1993 (audiobook).

References edit

  1. ^ "Academy Fellows". Calacademy.org. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  2. ^ D. John Faulkner and Michael T. Ghiselin (30 August 1983). "Chemical defense and evolutionary ecology of dorid nudibranchs and some other opisthobranch gastropods". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 13 (2/3): 295––301. Bibcode:1983MEPS...13..295F. doi:10.3354/meps013295. JSTOR 24815885.
  3. ^ Cimino, Guido; Ghiselin, Michael T. (1998). "Chemical defense and evolution in the Sacoglossa (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)". Chemoecology. 8 (2): 51–60. doi:10.1007/PL00001804. S2CID 41906744.
  4. ^ Zhang, Wen; Gavagnin, Margherita; Guo, Yue-Wei; Mollo, Ernesto; Ghiselin, Michael T.; Cimino, Guido (2007). "Terpenoid metabolites of the nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus from the South China Sea". Tetrahedron. 63 (22): 4725–4729. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.082.
  5. ^ Hochlowski, Jill E.; Walker, Roger P.; Ireland, Chris; Faulkner, D. John (1982). "Metabolites of four nudibranchs of the genus Hypselodoris". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 47 (1): 88–91. doi:10.1021/jo00340a018.
  6. ^ Cimino, Guido; Ghiselin, Michael T. (2009). Chemical Defense and the Evolution of Opisthobranch Gastropods. Vol. 60. ISBN 9780940228795. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  7. ^ Ghiselin, Michael T. (1969). "The evolution of hermaphroditism among animals". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 44 (2): 189–208. doi:10.1086/406066. PMID 4901396. S2CID 38139187.
  8. ^ Cronin, Helena (1993). The Ant and the Peacock: Altruism and Sexual Selection from Darwin to Today. Cambridge University Press. p. 305. ISBN 978-0-521-45765-1.
  9. ^ Ghiselin, Michael T. (1994). . The Textbook Letter (September–October 1994). Archived from the original on 2008-02-12. Retrieved 2017-05-28.
  10. ^ "The Illogic of Creationism An Essay Review by Michael T. Ghiselin" 2017-05-24 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  11. ^ Ghiselin, M. T. (1 December 1974). "A Radical Solution to the Species Problem". Systematic Biology. 23 (4): 536–544. doi:10.1093/sysbio/23.4.536. JSTOR 2412471.
  12. ^ Ghiselin, Michael T. (2006). "Is the Pope a Catholic?". Biology & Philosophy. 22 (2): 283–291. doi:10.1007/s10539-006-9045-7. S2CID 170319919.
  13. ^ Ghiselin, M. T. (1969). The triumph of the Darwinian method. University of California Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0226290249.
  14. ^ "Invited Speakers". University of Siena. 10 December 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  15. ^ "Michael T. Ghiselin". Guggenheim Foundation. Retrieved 4 February 2018.

External links edit

    January 01, 1970
    michael, ghiselin, michael, ghiselin, born, 1939, american, biologist, philosopher, well, historian, biology, formerly, california, academy, sciences, known, work, concerning, slugs, criticism, falsification, history, lamarckism, biology, textbooks, contents, . Michael T Ghiselin born May 13 1939 is an American biologist and philosopher as well as historian of biology formerly at the California Academy of Sciences He is known for his work concerning sea slugs and for his criticism of the falsification of the history of Lamarckism in biology textbooks Contents 1 Academic life 2 Career 3 Works 4 References 5 External linksAcademic life editGhiselin received his B A in 1960 from the University of Utah and his Ph D from Stanford University in 1965 He became a Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard University 1964 65 and later became Postdoctoral Fellow at the Marine Biological Laboratory in 1965 There he stayed until 1967 as he was appointed assistant professor of zoology at the University of California Berkeley and later was chosen as a Guggenheim Fellow 1978 79 Ghiselin served as research professor of biology at the University of Utah 1980 83 and was MacArthur Prize Fellow from 1981 to 1986 Since 1983 he has been a senior research fellow at the California Academy of Sciences 1 Career editGhiselin is famous for his work on sea slugs 2 3 4 and has had both a species Hypselodoris ghiselini and the defensive chemical that it contains ghiselinin named after him 5 In 2009 he co authored a major study on chemical defense with Guido Cimino Chemical Defense and the Evolution of Opisthobranch Gastropods 6 nbsp Clownfish is male when small female when larger an adaptation explained by Ghiselin s size advantage model In 1969 he proposed three models including the size advantage model to explain sequential hermaphroditism In some fish species he reasoned males can maximize their reproductive success by breeding with a harem of females rather than breeding only once as a female In other species where the fish live in pairs it is to an individual s advantage to be male when small and to turn into a female when it is larger 7 Ghiselin has also worked on the history and philosophy of evolutionary biology His historical publications have dealt mainly with Darwin and the history of comparative zoology They include such topics as the influence of alchemy on nineteenth century zoology and the history of the Zoological Station at Naples Italy His thought on Darwin s view of selection whether to the individual or to the group and sometimes apparently kin selectionist has been criticised as inconsistent by Helena Cronin 8 He has criticised the falsification of the history of Lamarck s theory of evolution where in his view schoolbooks and textbook writers have imbued the fictitious Lamarck with an importance that the real Lamarck never had and they have credited him with ideas that the real Lamarck did not hold They also have invented a myth in which those ideas are compared falsely with Darwin s ideas to produce a bogus dichotomy 9 He has also criticized the views of creationists as non scientific 10 His main contribution to philosophy concerns the principles of classification systematics or taxonomy He is given much of the credit for first theorizing that biological species are not kinds of organisms but are rather individuals in a philosophical sense in the manner that an individual population is an individual entity rather than an abstract type 11 A human being is not a Homo sapiens for the same reason that Ontario is not a Canada 12 Ghiselin was also the originator of the term chunks of the genealogical nexus to describe species 13 Ghiselin has many interdisciplinary interests among which is forging links between biology and economics He is Vice President of the International Society for Bioeconomics and has served as the Co Editor of the Journal of Bioeconomics since it was established in 1998 The first academic chair of bioeconomics was established at the University of Siena as a visiting professor he was its first occupant 14 As Chair of the Center for the History and Philosophy of Science his main responsibility has been to organize scholarly meetings and to serve as Editor of the volumes based on them He was made a Guggenheim fellow in 1978 15 Works editGhiselin Michael T and Leviton Alan E Darwin and the Galapagos in the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences for 2010 Volume 61 Supplement 2 The Triumph of the Darwinian Method University of California Press Berkeley 1969 Barbour M G Craig R B Drysdale F R and Ghiselin M T Coastal Ecology Bodega Head University of California Press Berkeley 1973 The Economy of Nature and the Evolution of Sex University of California Press Berkeley 1974 Intellectual Compromise The Bottom Line Paragon House New York 1989 Metaphysics and the Origin of Species State University of New York Press Albany 1997 Darwin A Reader s Guide Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 155 1 185 2009 Darwin and Evolution Carmichael amp Carmichael and Knowledge Products Blackstone Audio 1993 audiobook References edit Academy Fellows Calacademy org Retrieved 20 March 2017 D John Faulkner and Michael T Ghiselin 30 August 1983 Chemical defense and evolutionary ecology of dorid nudibranchs and some other opisthobranch gastropods Marine Ecology Progress Series 13 2 3 295 301 Bibcode 1983MEPS 13 295F doi 10 3354 meps013295 JSTOR 24815885 Cimino Guido Ghiselin Michael T 1998 Chemical defense and evolution in the Sacoglossa Mollusca Gastropoda Opisthobranchia Chemoecology 8 2 51 60 doi 10 1007 PL00001804 S2CID 41906744 Zhang Wen Gavagnin Margherita Guo Yue Wei Mollo Ernesto Ghiselin Michael T Cimino Guido 2007 Terpenoid metabolites of the nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus from the South China Sea Tetrahedron 63 22 4725 4729 doi 10 1016 j tet 2007 03 082 Hochlowski Jill E Walker Roger P Ireland Chris Faulkner D John 1982 Metabolites of four nudibranchs of the genus Hypselodoris The Journal of Organic Chemistry 47 1 88 91 doi 10 1021 jo00340a018 Cimino Guido Ghiselin Michael T 2009 Chemical Defense and the Evolution of Opisthobranch Gastropods Vol 60 ISBN 9780940228795 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a journal ignored help Ghiselin Michael T 1969 The evolution of hermaphroditism among animals The Quarterly Review of Biology 44 2 189 208 doi 10 1086 406066 PMID 4901396 S2CID 38139187 Cronin Helena 1993 The Ant and the Peacock Altruism and Sexual Selection from Darwin to Today Cambridge University Press p 305 ISBN 978 0 521 45765 1 Ghiselin Michael T 1994 The Imaginary Lamarck A Look at Bogus History in Schoolbooks The Textbook Letter September October 1994 Archived from the original on 2008 02 12 Retrieved 2017 05 28 The Illogic of Creationism An Essay Review by Michael T Ghiselin Archived 2017 05 24 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 July 2018 Ghiselin M T 1 December 1974 A Radical Solution to the Species Problem Systematic Biology 23 4 536 544 doi 10 1093 sysbio 23 4 536 JSTOR 2412471 Ghiselin Michael T 2006 Is the Pope a Catholic Biology amp Philosophy 22 2 283 291 doi 10 1007 s10539 006 9045 7 S2CID 170319919 Ghiselin M T 1969 The triumph of the Darwinian method University of California Press p 82 ISBN 978 0226290249 Invited Speakers University of Siena 10 December 2009 Retrieved 4 February 2018 Michael T Ghiselin Guggenheim Foundation Retrieved 4 February 2018 External links editCalifornia Academy of Sciences org Michael Ghiselin Homepage Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Michael Ghiselin amp oldid 1217876636, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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